Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.21 (beta-glucosidase)
 3,280 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gastric intubation was adopted as a means of comparing the effect of two feeding levels, continuous nutrient supply (C) and restricted nutrient supply (R), on the digestive development of pigs weaned at 14 d of age, during the first 5 d post-weaning. The absolute weights of the stomach and the pancreas were significantly greater (P less than 0.001) in C compared with R pigs. The effect was not significant for pancreas weight when expressed per kg body-weight but was significant (P less than 0.05) for stomach weight. The weights of the small intestine (SI), SI mucosa and total mucosal protein were significantly higher (P less than 0.001) in C pigs but protein content per g mucosa was similar in the C and R groups. There was no significant effect of treatment on the activity of lactase (beta-glucosidase; EC 3.2.1.23) or sucrase (sucrose-alpha-glucosidase; EC 3.2.1.48) irrespective of the basis of comparison used. The specific activity (mumol/min per g protein) of maltase (alpha-glucosidase; EC 3.2.1.20) and of glucoamylase (glucan-1,4-alpha-glucosidase; EC 3.2.1.3) were similar in C and R groups but activities of maltase (mumol/g mucosa) (P less than 0.05), and maltase and glucoamylase (mol/d) (P less than 0.01) were significantly higher in C pigs. Villous height and crypt depth were significantly greater in C pigs (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.05 respectively). Enteroglucagon was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in C compared with R pigs. Xylose absorption and the digestibility of energy were not affected by treatment. Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein (nitrogen x 6.25) and carbohydrate were significantly higher (P less than 0.001, P less than 0.01, P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.001 respectively) in R pigs compared with C pigs but the differences were small, ranging from 1.3 to 2.5%. These results demonstrate that (1) nutrient intake in the weaned pig affects the anatomy, morphology and function of the gut, (2) there is considerable 'spare capacity' for digestion of cereal-based diets even in pigs weaned at 14 d of age, (3) measurements in vitro of digestive function are of limited value unless supported by information in vivo on absorption/digestibility.
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PMID:Digestive development of the early-weaned pig. 2. Effect of level of food intake on digestive enzyme activity during the immediate post-weaning period. 204 2

Adult rats that were maintained on a low-carbohydrate intake showed rapid increase in the activities of sucrase, maltase, and lactase along the length of the small intestine when they were fed a high-starch diet. In the present study, we have identified these activity increases, and showed that they reflect proportional accumulations in enzyme-protein of sucrase-isomaltase (EC 3.2.1.10, 3.2.1.48), maltase-glucoamylase (EC 3.2.1.20), and neutral lactase (EC 3.2.1.23). It was determined that each of these enzymes exists in adult rat intestine in single immunoreactive form and accounts as a group for all sucrase, cellobiase, and most maltase and lactase activities. Dietary change from low to high carbohydrate (starch) resulted in an increase in [3H]leucine accumulation in each of the enzymes, without a change in the amount of label accumulation in total intestinal proteins. The increase in label accumulation in the brush-border carbohydrase pools was matched generally by proportional elevation in the pool concentrations of sucrase-isomaltase and lactase but not maltase. These studies suggest that the elevation of intestinal carbohydrase concentrations induced by high-carbohydrate feeding may involve selective stimulation of their synthesis.
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PMID:Nature of elevated rat intestinal carbohydrase activities after high-carbohydrate diet feeding. 241 70

Some diets exert a considerable influence on porphyrin metabolism and induction of microsomal liver enzymes in experimental porphyria induced by hexachlorobenzene (HCB). As HCB and its metabolites come into direct contact with intestinal mucosa, this study investigated the changes in the activities of intestinal disaccharidases and gamma-glutamyl transferase in a model of HCB-induced porphyria. The effects of different diets on enzymatic activities during HCB intoxication were also studied. HCB was administered by gastric tube at 3.5 mmol/kg body weight daily for 90 and 61 days. HCB intoxication strongly diminished the activities of intestinal lactase, maltase, sucrase, cellobiase and trechalase. Carbohydrate diets (with 78 weight % glucose or starch), given simultaneously with HCB treatment, exerted a protective effect on disaccharidase activities. These regimens maintained cellobiase and trechalase within the normal levels and even increased maltase. High-fat/high-protein diets (with 30% either butter or sunflower oil and 31% casein) aggravated the decrease of all disaccharidases. In contrast with the decrease in disaccharidase activity, intestinal gamma-glutamyl transferase was increased, suggesting multiple mechanisms for the action of HCB intoxication on the intestinal enzyme system. Diet had a pronounced modifying effect.
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PMID:Changes in some intestinal enzyme activities in experimental hexachlorobenzene-induced porphyria and modifying effects of diet. 288 67

Hydrocortisone administration to infant rats enhanced cellobiase and maltase activities and induced precocious expression of sucrase and trehalase activities along the length of the small intestine. These activity changes reflected proportional concentration increases in the enzymes lactase (EC 3.2.1.23), maltase/glucoamylase (EC 3.2.1.20) and sucrase-isomaltase (EC 3.2.1.48/10). Administration of an equivalent tracer dose of [3H]leucine (by body weight) to control and hydrocortisone-treated infant rats resulted in greater accumulation of label in the carbohydrase pools of the treated rats, suggesting their increased de novo synthesis. The increased concentrations of lactase and maltase/glucoamylase induced by exogenous hydrocortisone were matched by the presence of corresponding greater amounts of label in their brush border pools. Accumulation of label in each of the lactase, maltase/glucoamylase and sucrase-isomaltase pools was generally similar in the hydrocortisone-treated rats, suggesting equivalent stimulation of their synthesis as a group by the humoral agent. The turnover rates of the carbohydrases as a group were found to be similar and did not appear to differ in control and hydrocortisone-treated rats. Total protein synthesis rates were slightly greater in the intestine of the hydrocortisone-treated group of rats.
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PMID:Effects of hydrocortisone on carbohydrase concentrations, de novo synthesis and turnover patterns in immature rat intestine. 308 73

1. The intestinal disaccharidase activities of a suckling crabeater seal were investigated. 2. Lactase, maltase, isomaltase and cellobiase activities were readily detected but trehalase and sucrase activities were absent. 3. The intestinal homogenates were separated into a soluble (S2) fraction and a particulate brush border (P2) fraction. The lactase activities of the two fractions had different properties corresponding to those of an acid and a neutral beta-galactosidase respectively. Approximately two-thirds of the total lactase activity measured at pH 6.0 was due to the acid beta-galactosidase. 4. The isomaltase and cellobiase activities were found almost exclusively in the particulate fractions but about one third of the maltase activity was in the S2 fraction. This soluble maltase activity appeared to be due to an acid maltase.
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PMID:Intestinal lactase and other disaccharidase activities of a suckling crabeater seal (Lobodon carcinophagus). 313 70

The interactive effects of lima bean trypsin inhibitor (TI), hemagglutinin (Hgg) and cyanide (CN) when fed at the same degree of activity as found in the raw lima bean (RLB) were assessed in weanling rats using hepatic glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCT) and intestinal disaccharidases activities as the response criteria. Whereas RLB significantly (P less than 0.05) increased hepatic GLDH and decreased ICDH activities respectively, dietary CN, TI and Hgg whether acting individually or jointly had no significant influence on GLDH. Only the CN-containing diets significantly (P less than 0.05) elevated ICDH activity when compared with the control. Raw lima bean significantly (P less than 0.05) depressed OCT activity while neither the individual nor collective effects of these factors were significant. Dietary CN + TI + Hgg interaction depressed maltase activity to approximately the same extent as RLB in all the intestinal regions. These factors had neither individual nor collective effects on sucrase in the small intestine. Lactase activity in the small intestine was influenced only by the RLB diet, while CN + Hgg, and CN + TI + Hgg dietary combinations induced significant (P less than 0.05) elevations in the activities of cellobiase when compared with the control. Although synergism of action is indicated in a number of instances, it is suggested that these factors may need to combine with others within the bean, perhaps synergistically, to elicit comparable anti-nutritional influences as the RLB.
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PMID:The interactive effects of lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) trypsin inhibitor, hemagglutinin and cyanide on some hepatic dehydrogenases, ornithine carbamoyltransferase and intestinal disaccharidases in weanling rats. 324 17

A technique for the isolation of intact brush borders from rabbit renal cortex was evaluated. The procedure was monitored by phase and electron microscopy and marker enzymes, i.e. ATP:NMN adenylyl transferase, nuclear; cytochrome oxidase, mitochondrial; beta-glucuronidase, lysosomal; and glucose-6-Pase, microsomal; and indicated an essentially pure preparation of brush borders. The disaccharidase, trehalase, previously reported in renal tubules, was localized uniquely in brush borders. Maltase was also found; the specific activities of the two enzymes in the brush borders were increased 10- to 20-fold. Other disaccharidases, such as sucrase, isomaltase, lactase, and cellobiase, were absent. It is suggested that trehalase and maltase are appropriate candidates for marker enzymes of the renal brush border. Isolated brush borders possessed a ouabain-sensitive (Na(+) + K(+)) ATPase, an oligomycin-insensitive Mg(++) ATPase, and a Ca(++)-activated ATPase. Alkaline phosphatases, dephosphorylating beta-glycero-P, and trehalose-6-P were also present. The specific activities of these enzymes were increased three-to-five fold in the brush-border preparations; however, activities were found in other subcellular fractions of the renal cortex. Hexokinase, although evident in the isolated brush border, was found prominently associated with other membranous fractions. Phosphoglucomutase and UDPG pyrophosphorylase were localized in the soluble fraction of the renal cortex.
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PMID:Isolation and biochemical characterization of brush borders from rabbit kidney. 425 Jun 12

1. The carbohydrase activities of homogenates of mucosa from the abomasum, small intestine, caecum and colon, and of the pancreas of cattle were studied. 2. The disaccharidase activities were located mainly in the small intestine and showed a non-uniform pattern of distribution along the small intestine; trehalase activity was highest in the proximal part, lactase and cellobiase activities were highest in the proximal and middle parts and maltase activity was highest in the distal part. 3. The intestinal lactase and cellobiase activities were highest in the young calf and decreased with age, whereas the intestinal maltase and trehalase activities, which were very low compared with the lactase activity, did not change with age. 4. No intestinal sucrase or palatinase activity was detected in the calf or in the adult cow. 5. Homogenates of intestinal mucosa also exhibited amylase and dextranase activity. 6. Homogenates of the pancreas possessed a strong amylase activity and a weak maltase activity. The maltase activity did not change with age, whereas the amylase activity increased with age. 7. No marked differences were observed between the carbohydrase activities of calves fed solely on milk and those of calves given a concentrate-hay diet from 6 weeks of age.
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PMID:Carbohydrase activities in the bovine digestive tract. 567 28

1. The disaccharidases, cellobiase, isomaltase, lactase, maltase, sucrase and trehalase were investigated for presence in the camel (Camelus dromedarius) intestine and pancreas. All, except sucrase, were present. 2. Their levels of activities were measured at different positions of the small and large intestines and the location of maximum level of activity for each enzymes along the intestinal tract was established. 3. High levels of activities were determined in the contents of the intestinal lumen and, therefore, it is absorbed into the cells of the epithelial villi and hydrolyzed there. 4. The possibility of carbohydrate digestion in camel intestine is discussed.
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PMID:The level and distribution of disaccharidases in the camel (Camelus dromedarius) intestine. 612 46

In order to characterize lactase/beta-glucosidase and the neutral alpha-glucosidase kinetically in the brush border membrane at different villus sites of normal human jejunal mucosa, a quantitative histochemical study has been carried out on biopsy specimens of patients only suffering from functional disturbances revealing normal mucosal architecture. The apparent Vmax-values of both alpha- and beta-glucosidases increased significantly from the villus base to the transition zone between medium and apical villus third. During enterocyte maturation on the villus no changes in the apparent Km-values could be detected. Equally the ratios between the Vmax-values of the disaccharidases remained constant. Male persons exhibited significantly greater apparent Vmax-values for alpha-glucosidase than females at both villus measuring positions. The findings can be taken as a starting point for the evaluation of local changes of apparent enzyme-kinetic data under pathological conditions.
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PMID:"In situ" determinations of apparent Km and Vmax of brush border disaccharidases along the villi of normal human jejunal biopsy specimens. A quantitative histochemical study. 626 80


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