Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.21 (beta-glucosidase)
 3,280 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three glucosyl-phenolic hydroxamates, 4-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl) benzohydroxamic acid, 4-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)hippuric hydroxamic acid, and 3-[4-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)phenyl]propionohydroxamic acid (Glc-PPHA), were hydrolyzed to their corresponding aglycones by beta-glucosidase of intestinal flora of rat without any major adverse hydrolysis in vitro. Inhibitory potency of these glucosyl-hydroxamates on urease was recovered to the same extent as that of the corresponding aglycone hydroxamates by preincubation for 2h with rat intestinal flora. p-Hydroxyphenylpropionohydroxamic acid inhibited noncompetitively jack-bean urease activity and its glucose-ligated form, Glc-PPHA inhibited it competitively. A single oral dose of Glc-PPHA tended to inhibit urease activity in proximal colon contents of rat at 6 h after administration (p = 0.06). After 14C-urea was orally administered to rat, 14CO2 was collected for to measure the ureolysis in vivo. Expired 14CO2 was limited to 40% by a single oral dose of Glc-PPHA during 6 h, and 75% of intestinal ureolysis was repressed during the first 1 h in the breath test.
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PMID:Inhibitory effect of beta-glucosyl-phenolic hydroxamic acids against urease in the presence of microfloral beta-glucosidase. 774 85

The effect of orally administered lactobacilli on acute rotavirus diarrhea was tested in 42 well-nourished children ages 5-28 months. After oral rehydration, the patients were randomized to a study group, receiving human Lactobacillus casei strain GG 10(10) colony-forming units twice daily for five days, or a control group not given lactobacilli. Lactobacillus GG was found in the feces in 83% of the study group. The diarrheal phase was shortened in that group. Dietary supplementation with lactobacilli significantly influenced the bacterial enzyme profile: urease activity during diarrhea transiently increased in the control group but not in the study group; F = 8.6, P = 0.01. No intergroup differences were found in beta-glucuronidase, beta-glucosidase, and glycocholic acid hydrolase levels. We suggest that rotavirus infection gives rise to biphasic diarrhea, the first phase being an osmotic diarrhea and the second associated with overgrowth of specifically urease-producing bacteria. Oral bacteriotherapy appears a promising means to counteract the disturbed microbial balance.
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PMID:Oral bacteriotherapy for viral gastroenteritis. 799 84

The effects of yogurt containing viable Lactobacillus strain GG (L. GG) and/or fiber supplements on fecal enzyme activities (beta-glucuronidase, nitroreductase, beta-glucosidase, glycocholic acid hydrolase, urease) and on bacterial metabolites in urine (phenol, p-cresol) were studied in 64 females, 20-41 y old. The subjects were randomly divided into three groups: the first group received L. GG yogurt (2 x 150 mL/d, containing 10(11) colony-forming units (cfu)/L of L. GG), the second group received L. GG yogurt and a rye fiber product (30 g/d, equivalent to 9 g fiber/d), and the third group received placebo yogurt (pasteurized) and fiber. The supplementation period lasted 4 wk, with a preceding 2-wk baseline period and a 2-wk follow-up period. The mean fecal count of L. GG was approximately 10(6) cfu/g feces during the supplementation, and L. GG persisted in the fecal samples of 28% of the subjects for 2 wk after supplementation. L. GG yogurt alone or with fiber significantly decreased fecal beta-glucuronidase, nitroreductase and glycocholic acid hydrolase activities. These enzyme activities returned to baseline levels during the follow-up period. beta-Glucosidase and urease activities were not altered significantly during the study. The addition of fiber to L. GG and placebo yogurt had no effect on the enzymic activities. Urinary excretion of p-cresol decreased significantly in groups receiving L. GG. These data demonstrate that L. GG can modify the colonic environment with possible health effects.
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PMID:Lactobacillus strain GG supplementation decreases colonic hydrolytic and reductive enzyme activities in healthy female adults. 828 90

The intestinal microflora was indirectly evaluated in juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) by analysing enzyme activities--urease, beta-glucosidase and beta-glucuronidase--in faeces. In 18 out of 26 JCA patients, the illness had been diagnosed during the past year. The control group was composed of eight age-matched control patients and 18 family members of JCA patients (3-36 yr). The mean [95% confidence interval (CI)] urease activity, but not the activities of beta-glucosidase and beta-glucuronidase, in faeces from the JCA group differed from that in the control group: 32.3 (26.6-38.1) nmol/min/mg protein vs 24.0 (16.8-31.6), P = 0.07. The difference was more marked in a comparison of JCA patients with family members (P = 0.03). In a subgroup of subjects, the effect of 10 days oral bacteriotherapy with Lactobacillus GG on faecal enzyme activities was then investigated (n = 8 JCA patients, n = 8 control patients). This short-term oral bacteriotherapy reduced the increased urease activity in faeces of JCA patients. Keeping in mind the small number of subjects, it may be inferred from the present results that the increased urease activity in JCA is specific for the disease, suggesting altered intestinal microflora in JCA.
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PMID:Increased bacterial urease activity in faeces in juvenile chronic arthritis: evidence of altered intestinal microflora? 867 Jun 6

Physiological properties and proportion of typical features of Pityrosporum pachydermatis were determined on 385 strains from clinical cases of O.E and dermatitis in dogs. Carbohydrates and nitrogen assimilation were determined auxanographically. Urease production and enzyme release were assessed on Christensen's medium and API-ZYM respectively. All strains oxidised carbohydrates in the OF test. 90% assimilation of glucose and production of urease are typical of Pityrosporum, contrary to 100% positive reactions in literature data. Production of acid and alkaline phosphatases, phosphohydrolase, leucin arylamidase, and beta-glucosidase dominated, while lipase C14, esterase-lipase C8, esterase C14 and alpha-galactosidase were variable.
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PMID:Evaluation of selected physiological and morphological characteristics of Pityrosporum pachydermatis isolated from clinical cases of otitis externa and dermatitis in dogs and cats. 889 Nov 71

Daily and inter-individual variations of faecal bacterial beta-glucuronidase and beta-glucosidase activities and their associations with parameters of bowel function were studied in 10 residents of an old people's home during two 1-week periods 2 weeks apart. The effect of sampling method (a spot sample vs an aliquot of the homogenized sample from a total daily collection) on the activities of these enzymes and that of urease was also assessed. Intestinal transit time was determined using the radio-opaque Sitzmark; capsules, and questionnaires on bowel function and intakes of fluids and fibre-containing foods were completed. The mean (95% confidence interval) beta-glucuronidase and beta-glucosidase levels were 3.08 (2.75-3.41) and 11.53 (10.79-12.26) nmol min-1 mg protein-1. Daily variations in enzyme activities within individuals were not significant (P = 0.277 and 0.990, respectively), whilst those between individuals were highly significant (P = 0.000). Faecal frequency correlated negatively with beta-glucuronidase and urease, but no other associations of the enzyme activities with parameters of bowel function and diet were observed. beta-Glucuronidase and beta-glucosidase were not affected by the sampling method, while significantly higher urease was obtained by spot sampling as compared with the aliquot representing the total daily collection. Large inter-individual variations in faecal enzyme activities should be taken into consideration when planning experiments and interpreting results on these faecal parameters.
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PMID:Variations in faecal bacterial enzyme activities and associations with bowel function and diet in elderly subjects. 972 54

Five hundreds of bifidobacteria were isolated from a healthy Korean and the inhibitory effects of these isolated bacteria on harmful enzymes of human intestinal microflora were examined by cocultivation of the isolated bifidobacteria with E. coli or total human intestinal microflora. In comparison with the results of E. coli or intestinal microflora cultivation, Bifidobacterium breve K-110, B. breve K-111 and B. infantis K-525 effectively inhibited harmful enzymes (beta-glucuronidase and tryptophanase) of E. coli and lowered the pH of the culture media. Also they inhibited the harmful enzymes (beta-glucosidase, beta-glucuronidase, tryptophanase and urease) and ammonia production of intestinal microflora, and lowered pH of the culture media by increasing lactic acid bacteria of intestinal microflora. When these isolated bifidobacteria were administered on mice, fecal harmful enzymes were also inhibited. Among tested bifidobacteria, B. breve K-110 had the highest inhibitory effect of fecal harmful enzymes.
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PMID:Inhibitory effects of Bifidobacterium spp. isolated from a healthy Korean on harmful enzymes of human intestinal microflora. 987 15

Ten Basidiobolus ranarum (= Basidiobolus haptosporus) strains, isolated from faeces of 102 different lower vertebrates (ectotherms) exhibited in Antwerp Zoo, or from their environment were studied for their temperature requirements, haemolysis and other enzyme activities in vitro. All isolates grew well at 25 and 37 degrees C. Three strains that produced undulated zygospore walls were haemolytic and positive for hyaluronidase. All the isolates produced urease, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, trypsin, lipase, lecithinase, gelatinase, collagenase and elastase, but failed to produce amylase, keratinase and beta-glucosidase. Three isolates failed to produce phosphatase. Only one strain failed to produce DNase. Aesculin was not hydrolysed. Chitinase activity was inconclusive. The results of this study illustrate the importance of exotic animals kept in temperate regions as carriers of potentially pathogenic organisms. In addition to the morphological characteristics, the identification can be based on enzymatic profiles. Enzymatic activity detection may help to explain the pathogenic mechanism of the fungus.
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PMID:Isolation of Basidiobolus ranarum from ectotherms in Antwerp zoo with special reference to characterization of the isolated strains. 1042 99

To evaluate the development of intestinal flora in young infants, and especially to estimate the influence of mode of delivery and type of feeding on the establishment of intestinal microflora, faecal flora was studied indirectly by measuring prospectively the faecal bacterial enzyme activities (beta-glucosidase, beta-glucuronidase and urease) in 29 full-term, healthy infants during the first 6 months of life. Mode of delivery had no influence on the faecal enzyme activities. In contrast, infants receiving formula feeds were more often urease positive at 1-2 months of age (70% vs 25%, p=0.043) and had higher median activity of beta-glucuronidase at 6 months of age (0.90 and 0.19 nmoles/mg protein x min, p= 0.0043) than exclusively breast-fed infants. Through indirect methods to measure the development of a faecal microflora our results indicate that the type of milk that infants receive during the first months of life may have an important role in the development of intestinal flora.
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PMID:Development of intestinal bacterial enzymes in infants--relationship to mode of delivery and type of feeding. 1044 61

Cereal fiber may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer by diluting colonic contents due to increased fecal output, by accelerating intestinal transit, by increasing fecal frequency and by altering bacterial metabolism. The effects of whole-meal rye bread on some putative colon cancer risk markers were investigated in 17 healthy Finnish subjects using a randomized crossover trial with two 4-wk bread consumption periods and a 4-wk washout period between the bread periods. White wheat bread was used as a control. Test breads covered a minimum of 20% of the daily energy intake (range, 4330-14, 033 kJ/d). Intestinal transit time, stool weight, fecal bacterial enzyme activities and short-chain fatty acid, ammonia, diacylglycerol (DAG) and bile acid concentrations in feces (expressed per gram wet feces) were measured. Whole-meal rye bread significantly increased fecal output and fecal frequency and shortened mean intestinal transit time compared with wheat bread in both women and men. Activities of beta-glucuronidase and beta-glucosidase (expressed per gram wet feces) were significantly lower in men and urease activity significantly higher in women during the rye bread period (RBP). Fecal butyrate concentration was higher during the RBP in men. Fecal ammonia and DAG concentrations did not differ between bread periods. Fecal total and secondary bile acid concentrations were significantly lower during RBP in both women and men. This study shows that whole-meal rye bread significantly improves bowel function in healthy adults and may decrease the concentration of some compounds that are putative colon cancer risk markers.
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PMID:Rye bread improves bowel function and decreases the concentrations of some compounds that are putative colon cancer risk markers in middle-aged women and men. 1095 15


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