Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.21 (beta-glucosidase)
 3,280 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A membrane filter procedure has been developed for the rapid quantitation of C. perfringens in the aquatic environment. Background growth is inhibited by the use of D-cycloserine, polymyxin B sulfate, and incubation at 45 degrees C. Differential characteristics include the fermentation of sucrose, production of acid phosphatase, and the absence of beta-D-glucosidase activity. The medium is prepared as follows (in grams per 100 ml of distilled water): tryptose, 3.0; yeast extract, 2.0; sucrose, 0.5; L-cysteine, 0.1; MgSO4. 7H2O, 0.01; bromocresol purple, 0.004; and agar, 1.5. The ingredients are dissolved, and the pH is adjusted to 7.6. After autoclaving at 121 degrees C for 15 min, the medium is allowed to cool at 50 degrees C, and the following are added per 100 ml: D-cycloserine, 40 mg; polymyxin B sulfate, 2.5 mg; indoxyl-beta-D-glucoside, 60 mg; 2.0 ml of a filter-sterilized 0.5% phenolpthalein diphosphate solution; and 0.2 ml of a filter-sterilized 4.5% FeCl3.6H2O solution. Enumeration of C. perfringens in a water sample is completed within 18 to 24 h. The verification of typical colonies was 93%. The average recovery from peptone-water spore suspensions of five strains was 79%, and that from filter-sterilized seawater suspensions was 90%. The precision of the method was approximately equal to that expected from random error alone. Confirmed recoveries of C. perfringens from water and sewage samples generally were greater than those by the Bonde pour tube method.
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PMID:Membrane filter enumeration method for Clostridium perfringens. 21 10

B and T lymphocytes were separated by means of the spontaneous sheep red blood cell rosette formation technique from 3 normal donors. The following acid hydrolases were biochemically determined on separated B and T lymphocytes: acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-hexosaminidase, alpha-arabinosidase, alpha-galactosidase, alpha-mannosidase, alpha-glucosidase, and pH 4.0 and pH 5.0 beta-glucosidase. The activities of most of the acid hydrolases including acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase were found to be slightly decreased in B lymphocytes when compared to T lymphocytes. However, alpha-mannosidase activity was found to be significantly higher in the B lymphocytes than in the T lymphocytes and offers the possibility of using this enzyme as a B lymphocyte marker.
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PMID:Acid hydrolases in normal B and T blood lymphocytes. 41 51

The pseudoplasmodium (slug) of the cellular slime mould, Dictyostelium mucoroides consists of prestalk and prespore cells. These 2 differentiated types of cells were separated by modification of the previous methods using density-gradient centrifugation. Major improvements made in the present study were the use of a density column of different specific gravities and the use of a discontinuous gradient rather than a continuous one. With these improvements, it became possible to obtain efficiently a large number of prestalk and prespore cells. After separation of the 2 types of cells, activities and electrophoretic patterns of some developmentally regulated enzymes were compared. The hydrolases such as beta-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase, acetylglucosaminidase and alkaline phosphatase showed higher activities in the prestalk than in the prespore cells. The results are consistent with the fact that more autophagic vacuoles are present in the prestalk than in the prespore cells. On the other hand, UDP-galactose polysaccharide transferase was almost exclusively found in the prespore cells. Electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels of slug, prestalk and prespore extracts showed that one among 4 isozymes of beta-galactosidase recognized in the slug extract was present only in the prestalk extract. Electrophoretic patterns of acid phosphatase revealed that one of the two isozymes present in the slug was specifically found in the prestalk cell. Finding of such prestalk specific isozymes was significant, since no specific markers have been known for the prestalk cell.
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PMID:Separation and biochemical characterization of the two cell types present in the pseudoplasmodium of Dictyostelium mucoroides. 56 Oct 87

The activities of 9 acid hydrolases were determined in cell-free amniotic fluid, leucocytes and cultured fibroblasts using fluorogenic substrates. The specific activities of beta-glucosidase, alpha-fucosidase, beta-hexosaminidase, and arylsulphatase A and B were found to be in the same range in cell-free amniotic fluid and in leucocyties. The isoenzyme pattern of these 5 hydrolases as well as that of acid phosphatase and alpha-mannosidase showed some similarities in all three specimens studied; the pattern of alpha- and beta-galactosidase obtained by isoelectric focusing was different in the 2 types of cells studied and in the cell-free amniotic fluid.
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PMID:Isoelectric focusing pattern of acid hydrolases in cultured fibroblasts, leucocytes and cell-free amniotic fluid. 57 95

The effects of age-specific peculiarities and the duration of maintaining rats on a ration with 4 per cent of protein (the initial mass of rats in the 1st group 100 g each; duration of the experiment--30 days. Initial mass rats in the 2d group--200 g each; duration of experiment--90 days on the activity of the lysosomal hydrolase was studied. The latter included beta-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucoronidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, arylsulfatase A and B, acid phosphatase, phospholipase A1 and A2, cholinesterase, the total proteolytic activity and that of catepsines A, B, C and D. An ambiguity of changes in the enzymes activity in the animals of the 1st and 2d groups was revealed. Placing the growing animals on a ration containing 4 per cent of protein produces an activation of the most of the lysosomal enzymes, whereas in animals of the 2d test group the nature of changes in the activity of individual enzymes proved to differ quite appreciably. Thus, the summary activity of catepsines, beta-glucoronidase and cholinesterase was below the control level, while the activity of beta-galactosidase, beta-N-acetyl-glucoseaminidase and phospholipase A1 and A2 went up. A prolonged maintenance of rats on a protein-poor ration led to upsetting the stability of the lysosomal membranes, which manifested itself in a higher solubilization of lysosomal enzymes in vitro.
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PMID:[Characteristics of the enzymatic adaptation of rat liver lysosomes to protein deficiency]. 68 19

On the basis of experimental research results a method to assess the functional state of pulmonary alveolar macrophages in rabbits and rats has been proposed as a criterion of the biological effect of chemical atmospheric pollutants. The test involves a cytological assay, determination of the viable cells quantity and of the phagocytic competence, and also the biochemical study of alveolar macrophages enzymes activity (acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, lysozyme, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase). It has been shown that this method is informative and reliably reproducible, and that it was reasonable to use it in environmental health and other branches of experimental biology and medicine.
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PMID:[Method of studying the functional state of pulmonary alveolar macrophages during exposure to atmospheric pollutants]. 71 64

Tissues of rats with adjuvant arthritis manifested differences in activity and distribution between free, latent and membrane-bound forms of acid catepsins, alpha-D- and beta-D-galactosidases, alpha-D- and beta-D-glucosidases, beta-D-glucorunidase, hyaluronidase, acid phosphatase, arylsulphatases (A+B). Activation of certain hydrolytic enzymes is observed in tissues of the liver, kidneys, heart and spleen: a rise in total activity (of arylsulphatase in the liver and acid catepsins in the spleen; hyaluronidase in the kidneys, beta-D-glucuronidase in the heart) and a change in the ratio of different forms with a simultaneous increase in the activity of free form (of hyaluronidase in the spleen, acid phosphatase in the heart and liver). Inhibition of alpha-D-glucosidase in the liver and beta-D-glucosidase in the spleen is also detected. A decrease in the activity of beta-D-glucuronidase in the spleen is pronounced in a significant decrease in the activity of each enzyme free form with no changes in the total activity.
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PMID:[Hydrolytic enzymes of rat tissues with adjuvant arthritis]. 72 90

The exudates or liquid droplets on various structures of a number of fungi were examined. The droplets were enveloped in membranous material and were associated with actively growing mycelia, including fruiting structures. Osmium tetroxide vapour-fixed droplets of Claviceps purpurea, Myrothecium roridum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotium rolfsii, and Thanathephorus cucumeris did not dry to a powder but remained intact as spheres when freeze-dried. Fractured spheres, examined with the scanning electron microscope, showed the presence of a membranous structure similar to that of rapidly frozen colloidal solutions with the ice crystals removed by sublimation. Locules or cavities within the freeze-dried droplets are thought to be due to the entrapment of air when droplets coalesce. Biochemical analyses of the exudates showed that acid phosphatase, beta-glucosidase, acid and alkaline protease. RNase polygalacturonase and cellulase enzymes as well as oxalic acid and ammonia were present.
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PMID:Fungal exudates. 72 49

The effect of Fusarium sporotrichiella v. sporotrichioides mycotoxin (sporofusarin) on the total and non-sedimentary supernatant activity of 13 marker-enzymes of subcellular particles (2 mitochondrial enzymes-cytochrome oxidase and malate dehydrogenase; 8 lysosomal enzymes -- acid phosphatase, acid RNAase, acid DNAase, arylsulphatases A and B, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase and beta-glucosidase; 2 microsomal enzymes -- glucose-6-phosphatase and acetylesterase; plasma membrane enzyme -- alkaline phosphatase) of the rat liver, kidney, spleen and bone-marrow was studied in in vivo experiments. The latter demonstrated that sporofusarin effects were characterized by a significant organ and organella specificity, viz. the toxin caused a sharply increased activity, mainly of lysosomes enzymes and labilization of the lysosomal membranes, primarily in the spleen and the bone-marrow. A conclusion is drawn that the discovered selective destructive action of sporofusarin on the lysosomes may be regarded as a new phenomenon that, possibly is directly related to the characterization of the mechanism responsible for a specific effect produced by sporofusarin.
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PMID:[Lysosomal component in the mechanism of the toxic effect of sporofusarin]. 94 27

Germinating cysts and isolated walls from germinating cysts incorporated 14C-UDPG into wall material of which 22.5 and 15% respectively were insoluble in boiling 1 N HCl, indicating that part of the synthetase activity is located in the wall itself. A combination of Urografin and Ficoll density gradients was used to separate various intracellular fractions. A consistent separation of beta-glucanase and UDPG-transferase enriched fractions was achieved. The beta-glucanase fraction contained dictyosome vesicles and fragments along with some plasma membranes. The UDPG-transferase fraction was relatively rich in membranes resembling rough and smooth ER. The results suggest the two enzymes are transported to the wall by different intracellular routes, and two types of vesicle may be involved. Alkaline phosphatase, beta-glucosidase and acid phosphatase were found extracellularly and their distribution in density gradients determined. The results of histochemical staining for acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and polysaccharide are described and compared with the biochemical data. beta-1,3-glucanase, found intra- and extracellularly, induced distorted growth of germ tubes and also removed most of the apical wall when added to the incubation medium. None of these responses were observed with cellulase. Determinations of the osmotic pressure of germinating cysts and incubation medium revealed that the turgor of germinating cysts amounts to about 1.8 at under the conditions used.
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PMID:Hyphal tip growth in Phytophthora. Gradient distribution and ultrahistochemistry of enzymes. 101 47


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