Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.21 (beta-glucosidase)
 3,280 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We examined the role of gibberellins (GAs) in germination of Arabidopsis seeds by a proteomic approach. For that purpose, we used two systems. The first system consisted of seeds of the GA-deficient ga1 mutant, and the second corresponded to wild-type seeds incubated in paclobutrazol, a specific GA biosynthesis inhibitor. With both systems, radicle protrusion was strictly dependent on exogenous GAs. The proteomic analysis indicated that GAs do not participate in many processes involved in germination sensu stricto (prior to radicle protrusion), as, for example, the initial mobilization of seed protein and lipid reserves. Out of 46 protein changes detected during germination sensu stricto (1 d of incubation on water), only one, corresponding to the cytoskeleton component alpha-2,4 tubulin, appeared to depend on the action of GAs. An increase in this protein spot was noted for the wild-type seeds but not for the ga1 seeds incubated for 1 d on water. In contrast, GAs appeared to be involved, directly or indirectly, in controlling the abundance of several proteins associated with radicle protrusion. This is the case for two isoforms of S-adenosyl-methionine (Ado-Met) synthetase, which catalyzes the formation of Ado-Met from Met and ATP. Owing to the housekeeping functions of Ado-Met, this event is presumably required for germination and seedling establishment, and might represent a major metabolic control of seedling establishment. GAs can also play a role in controlling the abundance of a beta-glucosidase, which might be involved in the embryo cell wall loosening needed for cell elongation and radicle extension.
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PMID:Proteomics of Arabidopsis seed germination. A comparative study of wild-type and gibberellin-deficient seeds. 1206 22

Bioremediation of a refinery sludge containing hydrocarbons in a semi-arid climate using landfarming techniques is described. The objective of this study was to assess the ability of this technique to reduce the total hydrocarbon content added to the soil with the refinery sludge in semiarid climate (low rain and high temperature). In addition, we have evaluated the effect of this technique on the microbial activity of the soil involved. For this, biological parameters (carbon fractions, microbial biomass carbon, basal respiration and ATP) and biochemical parameters(different enzymatic activities) were determined. The results showed that 80% of the hydrocarbons were eliminated in eleven months, half of this reduction taking place during the first three months. The labile carbon fractions, MBC, basal respiration and ATP of the soils submitted to landfarming showed higher values than the control soil during the first months of the process, although these values fell down by the end of the experimental period as the hydrocarbons were degraded by mineralisation. All the enzymatic activities studied: oxidoreductases such as dehydrogenase activity, and hydrolases of C(beta-glucosidase activity) and N Cycle (urease and protease) showed higher values in the soils amended with the refinery sludge than in the control. As in the case of the previous parameters, these value fell down as the bioremediation of the hydrocarbons progressed, many of them reaching levels similar to those of the control soil after eleven months.
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PMID:Bioremediation of oil refinery sludge by landfarming in semiarid conditions: influence on soil microbial activity. 1582 Jul 24

Soil enzyme activities and heavy metal concentrations (Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb) were measured at a general shooting range in South Korea. Total heavy metal concentrations varied with pH, and were negatively correlated with moisture content and organic matter. Most enzyme activities (dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and beta-glucosidase) and ATP values (measure of biomass) were lower in polluted soils, especially in bald spots contaminated by heavy metals and TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene). These data indicate that concentrated shooting activity inhibits enzyme activity and microbial growth. Soil enzyme activities in richly vegetated spots around the general shooting range were higher (2- to 3-fold) than in bald spots, but lower in areas of heavy metal contamination. Our results demonstrate that the dominant plant species in richly vegetated spots accumulated heavy metals from soils, and suggest certain plants may be useful for decontaminating polluted soil.
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PMID:Heavy metal concentrations and enzyme activities in soil from a contaminated Korean shooting range. 1623 26

Since the indiscriminate disposal of pig slurry can cause not only air pollution and bad odours but also nutrient pollution of ground waters and superficial waters, composting is sometimes used as one environmentally acceptable method for recycling pig manure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of composting pig slurry on its sanitation (evaluated by ecotoxicity assays and pathogen content determination), as well as to determine the effect of a carbon-rich bulking agent (wood shavings, WS) and the starting C/N ratio on the changes undergone by different chemical (volatile organic matter, C and N fractions) and microbiological (microbial biomass C, ATP, dehydrogenase activity, urease, protease, phosphatase, and beta-glucosidase activities) parameters during composting. Pig slurry mixed with bulking agent (P+WS) and the solid faction separated from it, both with (PSF+WS) and without bulking agent (PSF), were composted for 13 weeks. Samples for analysis were taken from composting piles at the start of the process and at 3, 6, 9, and 13 weeks after the beginning of composting. The total organic carbon, water soluble C and ammonium content decreased with composting, while Kjeldahl N and nitrate content increased. The nitrification process in the PSF+WS pile was more intense than in the PSF or P+WS composting piles. The pathogen content decreased with composting, as did phytotoxic compounds, while the germination index increased with compost age. Piles with bulking agent showed higher values of basal respiration, microbial biomass carbon, ATP and hydrolase activities during the composting process than piles without bulking agent.
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PMID:A full-scale study of treatment of pig slurry by composting: kinetic changes in chemical and microbial properties. 1629 6

A gene coding for a second beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (nagB) was isolated from the chitinolytic bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila strain SUWA-9. The nagB open reading frame encoded a polypeptide of 618 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 68.8 kDa. It did not contain a sequence characteristic of a signal peptide at the N-terminus. The deduced amino acid sequence showed high similarity to those of bacterial beta-N-acetylhexosaminidases classified into family 20 of glycosyl hydrolases. The nagB gene was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant protein hydrolyzed N-acetylchitooligomers from dimer to hexamer and produced monomer as a final product. Reverse transcription-mediated PCR (RT-PCR) analysis revealed that nagB was transcribed when SUWA-9 cells were grown in the presence of colloidal chitin. In the upstream of the nagB gene, three genes, coding for putative N-acetylglucosamine kinase, beta-glucosidase, and ATP-binding protein of ABC-type transporter, were identified, and these genes likely to constitute an operon.
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PMID:Gene cloning, expression, and characterization of a second beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase from the chitinolytic bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila strain SUWA-9. 1825 80

We present here a suicide therapy against malignant gliomas based on the transfer to tumor cells of a gene encoding a beta-glucosidase, linamarase (lis), which in the presence of the innocuous substrate linamarin (lin) produces cyanide, blocking the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Dog glioma cells carrying the lis gene are thus sensitive to lin (IC(50) of 250 microg/mL at 48 hours) and cell death is accompanied by mitochondrial fission and ATP depletion. The combination of lis/lin with an otherwise nontoxic level of glucose oxidase (GO) enhances the therapeutic potential (IC(50) of 50 microg/mL at 48 hours). GO produces hydrogen peroxide, inducing oxidative damage and increasing cellular stress. We show here the antitumoral effect of the lis/lin/GO therapy in a canine glioma cell line and in a xenograft glioma model in nude mice. The synergic combination causes mitochondrial membrane depolarization and phosphatidylserine externalization and accelerates death by 48 hours. The lethal process is caspase independent; poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 is not implicated; and there is no apoptosis-inducing factor translocation to the nucleus. The combined system induces autophagic cell death that can be rescued by 3-methyladenine and is characterized by the presence of double-membrane vesicles and punctate LC-3 pattern.
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PMID:Glioma regression in vitro and in vivo by a suicide combined treatment. 1833 48


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