Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.21 (beta-glucosidase)
 3,280 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From Aspergillus tubingensis CBS 643.92 four distinct beta-glucosidases (I-IV) were purified by a four-step purification procedure. SDS-PAGE revealed molecular masses of 131, 126, 54 and 54 kDa, respectively, and their isoelectric points were determined to be 4.2, 3.9, 3.7 and 3.6, respectively. The beta-glucosidases exhibited high diversity with respect to pH and temperature optima and stability, as well as to substrate specificity and glucose tolerance. The major beta-glucosidase (I) preferentially hydrolysed oligosaccharides. The acid-stable and heat-tolerant beta-glucosidase II hydrolysed aryl and terpenyl beta-D-glucosides as well as 1-O-trans-cinnamoyl beta-D-glucoside. In contrast to beta-glucosidases I and II, the minor beta-glucosidases III and IV were found to be glucose-tolerant; inhibition constants of 470 and 600 mM, respectively, were determined.
 ...
PMID:Beta-glucosidase multiplicity from Aspergillus tubingensis CBS 643.92: purification and characterization of four beta-glucosidases and their differentiation with respect to substrate specificity, glucose inhibition and acid tolerance. 1133 Jul 8

Pulse field gel electrophoresis karyotypes of 41 strains of the genus Debaryomyces, including 35 strains confirmed as D. hansenii species by D1/D2 ribosomal DNA sequence analysis, were performed. Electrophoretic karyotypes of the 41 strains exhibited 4 to 10 chromosomal bands ranging between 0.7 Mb and 4.2 Mb. Among D. hansenii species, the patterns of strains obtained from the CBS collection and cheese isolates differed strongly from D. hansenii var. hansenii CBS767T. Both D. hansenii var. hansenii and D. hansenii var. fabryii showed chromosome length polymorphism. Electrophoretic karyotypes of the D. hansenii strains were analyzed by Southern hybridization with various species-specific probes isolated from D. hansenii var. hansenii CBS767T. Repeated sequences including the F01pro, M18pro, the Ty1-copia retrotransposon Tdh5 and hypothetical telomeric sequence hybridized to several chromosomal bands, while a D1/D2 probe derived from the large ribosomal sub-unit hybridized only to the largest chromosome. Unique probes such as those hybridizing to actin ACT1, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase GPD1 and beta-glucosidase LAC4 encoding genes were assigned to specific chromosomal bands of D. hansenii var. hansenii CBS767T. These probes failed to hybridize to D. hansenii var. fabryii strongly suggesting that strains of this variety actually represent a different taxon.
 ...
PMID:Chromosomal polymorphism in the yeast species Debaryomyces hansenii. 1277 16

Pulse field gel electrophoresis karyotypes of 41 strains of the genus Debaryomyces, including 35 strains confirmed as D. hansenii species by D1/D2 ribosomal DNA sequence analysis, were performed. Electrophoretic karyotypes of the 41 strains exhibited 4 to 10 chromosomal bands ranging between 0.7 Mb and 4.2 Mb. Among D. hansenii species, the patterns of strains obtained from the CBS collection and cheese isolates differed strongly from D. hansenii var. hansenii CBS767T. Both D. hansenii var. hansenii and D. hansenii var. fabryii showed chromosome length polymorphism. Electrophoretic karyotypes of the D. hansenii strains were analyzed by Southern hybridization with various species-specific probes isolated from D. hansenii var. hansenii CBS767T. Repeated sequences including the F01pro, M18pro, the Ty1-copia retrotransposon Tdh5 and hypothetical telomeric sequence hybridized to several chromosomal bands, while a D1/D2 probe derived from the large ribosomal sub-unit hybridized only to the largest chromosome. Unique probes such as those hybridizing to actin ACT1, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase GPD1 and beta-glucosidase LAC4 encoding genes were assigned to specific chromosomal bands of D. hansenii var. hansenii CBS767T. These probes failed to hybridize to D. hansenii var. fabryii strongly suggesting that strains of this variety actually represent a different taxon.
 ...
PMID:Chromosomal polymorphism in the yeast species Debaryomyces hansenii. 1453 11

An intracellular beta-glycoside hydrolase with beta-glucosidase and beta-galactosidase activity, designated beta-glucosidase BGL1, was isolated to apparent homogeneity from the thermophilic ascomycete Talaromyces thermophilus CBS 236.58. The monomeric enzyme has a molecular mass of 50 kDa (SDS-PAGE) and an isoelectric point of 4.5-4.6. The enzyme is active with both glucosides such as cellobiose and galactosides including lactose; based on the catalytic efficiencies determined glucosides are the preferred substrates. beta-Galactosidase activity of BGL1 is activated by various mono and divalent cations including Na+, K+ and Mg2+, and it is moderately inhibited by its reaction products glucose and galactose. Its pH optimum for the hydrolysis of galactosides is in the range of 5.5-6.0, and its optimum temperature was found to be 50 degrees C (15 min assay). In addition to its hydrolytic activity, BGL1 shows a significant transferase activity which results in the formation of galacto-oligosaccharides. These have recently attracted interest because of possible applications in food industry. The highest yields of oligosaccharides was approximately 20% when using 38 gl(-1) lactose as the starting material.
 ...
PMID:Purification and characterisation of an intracellular enzyme with beta-glucosidase and beta-galactosidase activity from the thermophilic fungus Talaromyces thermophilus CBS 236.58. 1644 2

Strains belonging to the yeast species Kluyveromyces marxianus have been isolated from a great variety of habitats, which results in a high metabolic diversity and a substantial degree of intraspecific polymorphism. As a consequence, several different biotechnological applications have been investigated with this yeast: production of enzymes (beta-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase, inulinase, and polygalacturonases, among others), of single-cell protein, of aroma compounds, and of ethanol (including high-temperature and simultaneous saccharification-fermentation processes); reduction of lactose content in food products; production of bioingredients from cheese-whey; bioremediation; as an anticholesterolemic agent; and as a host for heterologous protein production. Compared to its congener and model organism, Kluyveromyces lactis, the accumulated knowledge on K. marxianus is much smaller and spread over a number of different strains. Although there is no publicly available genome sequence for this species, 20% of the CBS 712 strain genome was randomly sequenced (Llorente et al. in FEBS Lett 487:71-75, 2000). In spite of these facts, K. marxianus can envisage a great biotechnological future because of some of its qualities, such as a broad substrate spectrum, thermotolerance, high growth rates, and less tendency to ferment when exposed to sugar excess, when compared to K. lactis. To increase our knowledge on the biology of this species and to enable the potential applications to be converted into industrial practice, a more systematic approach, including the careful choice of (a) reference strain(s) by the scientific community, would certainly be of great value.
 ...
PMID:The yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus and its biotechnological potential. 1842 4

Response surface methodology was used to evaluate optimal time, temperature and oxalic acid concentration for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of corncob particles by Pichia stipitis CBS 6054. Fifteen different conditions for pretreatment were examined in a 2(3) full factorial design with six axial points. Temperatures ranged from 132 to 180 degrees C, time from 10 to 90 min and oxalic acid loadings from 0.01 to 0.038 g/g solids. Separate maxima were found for enzymatic saccharification and hemicellulose fermentation, respectively, with the condition for maximum saccharification being significantly more severe. Ethanol production was affected by reaction temperature more than by oxalic acid and reaction time over the ranges examined. The effect of reaction temperature was significant at a 95% confidence level in its effect on ethanol production. Oxalic acid and reaction time were statistically significant at the 90% level. The highest ethanol concentration (20 g/l) was obtained after 48 h with an ethanol volumetric production rate of 0.42 g ethanol l(-1) h(-1). The ethanol yield after SSF with P. stipitis was significantly higher than predicted by sequential saccharification and fermentation of substrate pretreated under the same condition. This was attributed to the secretion of beta-glucosidase by P. stipitis. During SSF, free extracellular beta-glucosidase activity was 1.30 pNPG U/g with P. stipitis, while saccharification without the yeast was 0.66 pNPG U/g.
 ...
PMID:Simultaneous saccharification and ethanol fermentation of oxalic acid pretreated corncob assessed with response surface methodology. 1966 Sep 35

Co-cultivation of fungi may be an excellent system for on-site production of cellulolytic enzymes in a single bioreactor. Enzyme supernatants from mixed cultures of Trichoderma reesei RutC30, with either the novel Aspergillus saccharolyticus AP, Aspergillus carbonarius ITEM 5010 or Aspergillus niger CBS 554.65 cultivated in solid-state fermentation were tested for avicelase, FPase, endoglucanase and beta-glucosidase activity as well as in hydrolysis of pretreated wheat straw. Around 30% more avicelase activity was produced in co-cultivation of T. reesei and A. saccharolyticus than in T. reesei monoculture, suggesting synergistic interaction between those fungi. Fermentation broths of mixed cultures of T. reesei with different Aspergillus strains resulted in approx. 80% efficiency of hydrolysis which was comparable to results obtained using blended supernatants from parallel monocultures. This indicates that co-cultivation of T. reesei with A. saccharolyticus or A. carbonarius could be a competitive alternative for monoculture enzyme production and a cheaper alternative to commercial enzymes.
...
PMID:Co-cultivation of Trichoderma reesei RutC30 with three black Aspergillus strains facilitates efficient hydrolysis of pretreated wheat straw and shows promises for on-site enzyme production. 2504 47