Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.21 (beta-glucosidase)
3,280 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum enzymes have not proved useful in evaluation of patients with early colon cancer, but certain enzymes such as transpeptidase, phosphohexone isosomerase, or 5'-nucleotidase have been of assistance in following the course of the disease, particularly in patients with metastatic spread to the liver. Attempts have been made to improve the utility of enzyme analysis in colon cancer by examination of enzyme patterns in colon biopsy specimens, feces, and colon washings. These studies, which will be summarized, are of importance in the possible development of diagnostic tools and as probes in the understanding of the etiology of colon cancer. The technical problems in carrying out these assays in humans, as well as the significance of the activity of aryl sulfatase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-glucosidase, lactic dehydrogenase, glucose-6-p-osphate dehydrogenase, and other enzymes will be considered.
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PMID:Enzymes in colon cancer. General information. 76 57

We studied the effect of diet on the activities of four enzymes found in the intestinal flora of the male F344 rat. Animals initially fed a diet with high vegetable and grain content were shifted to a diet consisting predominantly of beef. While eating the meat diet, the rats had significantly higher levels of nitroreductase, azoreductase, and beta-glucuronidase in their fecal flora when compared to levels measured during grain feeding. However, beta-glucosidase activity was significantly lower during meat feeding, which probably reflected the lack of beta-glucosidic linkages in this diet. These findings suggested that a high-beef diet, similar in composition to that consumed by humans with a relatively high risk of colon cancer, is associated with elevated levels of specific enzymes in the colon microflora. These enzymes have been implicated in the conversion of procarcinogens into carcinogens.
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PMID:The relationship between diet and rat fecal bacterial enzymes implicated in colon cancer. 100 18

We studied the effect on fecal hydrolytic activities of adopting an uncooked extreme vegan diet and readopting a conventional diet. Eighteen subjects were randomly divided into test and control groups. In the test group subjects adopted the uncooked extreme vegan diet for 1 mo and then resumed a conventional diet for a second month. Controls consumed a conventional diet throughout the study. Phenol and p-cresol concentrations in serum and daily output in urine and fecal enzyme activities were measured. The activity of fecal urease significantly decreased (by 66%) as did cholylglycine hydrolase (55%), beta-glucuronidase (33%) and beta-glucosidase (40%) within 1 wk of beginning the vegan diet. The new level remained throughout the period of consuming this diet. Phenol and p-cresol concentrations in serum and daily outputs in urine significantly declined. The fecal enzyme activities returned to normal values within 2 wk of resuming the conventional diet. Concentrations of phenol and p-cresol in serum and daily output in urine had returned to normal after 1 mo of consuming the conventional diet. No changes were observed in the control group during the study. Results suggest that this uncooked extreme vegan diet causes a decrease in bacterial enzymes and certain toxic products that have been implicated in colon cancer risk.
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PMID:Shifting from a conventional diet to an uncooked vegan diet reversibly alters fecal hydrolytic activities in humans. 155 66

This investigation studied the effects of a shift from a mixed diet to a lactovegetarian diet on some cancer-associated bacterial enzymes in human feces (beta-glucuronidase, beta-glucosidase, and sulphatase). Three months after the shift to the lactovegetarian diet, there was a significant decrease in beta-glucuronidase, beta-glucosidase, and sulphatase activities per gram feces wet weight (p less than 0.05, less than 0.05, and less than 0.001, respectively). In contrast, glucuronide and glucoside hydrolysis remained unchanged per gram dry weight, although sulphatase activity was still significantly lowered when expressed this way (p less than 0.01). However, the fecal excretion increased significantly (p less than 0.05). Part of the explanation for the decreased enzyme activities is obviously a dilution effect, because much of the increased fecal weight after the shift in diet was associated with a higher water content. The higher water content was probably due to a higher fiber intake (p less than 0.001). Thus, the results in this paper indicate that a change from a mixed diet to a lactovegetarian diet leads to a decrease in certain enzyme activities proposed to be risk factors for colon cancer.
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PMID:Shift from a mixed diet to a lactovegetarian diet: influence on some cancer-associated intestinal bacterial enzyme activities. 212 19

Diet-induced changes in fecal excretion of secondary bile acids, certain neutral sterols, and bacterial enzyme activities are known to play a role in colon cancer development. Dietary fish oil (FO) has been implicated as a protective agent in colon carcinogenesis. In the present study, the effects of FO and corn oil (CO) on these fecal parameters were investigated in 24 healthy volunteers consuming a low- or a high-fat diet (30% or 50% of energy derived from fat). After four weeks of FO or CO supplementation (4.4 g of n-3 fatty acids/day), no significant differences were noted for fecal activities of beta-glucuronidase, beta-glucosidase, and sulfatase, nor was fecal bile acid excretion significantly affected by FO or CO consumption. However, daily excretion of the putative colon carcinogen 4-cholesten-3-one was significantly lower in the FO than in the CO period during low- and high-fat experiments. This may be another biochemical mechanism by which FO exerts its protective effect on colon cancer development.
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PMID:Effects of fish oil on fecal bacterial enzymes and steroid excretion in healthy volunteers: implications for colon cancer prevention. 883 63

Formulated diets associated with a high risk (HR) or low risk (LR) for colon cancer were used to assess the effect of diet on putative metabolic biomarkers in human flora-associated rats: The HR diet was high in fat and sucrose and low in calcium and fiber; the LR diet was low in fat and high in starch, calcium, and fiber. The nutrient-to-energy ratio and energy intake were the same for both diets. Body and liver weights were significantly higher in animals fed the HR diet, possibly due to greater energy availability from fat. Cecal weights were significantly higher in animals fed the LR diet, presumably due to a bulking effect of the fiber and increased bacterial biomass. The HR diet significantly altered cecal bacterial enzyme activity: beta-glucuronidase activity increased 2.5-fold, and beta-glucosidase activity was halved. Ammonia production and the bacterial metabolism of 2-amino-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f] quinoline (IQ) to 7-hydroxy-IQ (7OHIQ) were significantly higher in animals fed the HR diet. The HR diet, which contained factors common to diets consumed throughout the Western world, increased beta-glucuronidase activity, elevated cecal ammonia concentrations, and enhanced the genotoxic risk from 7OHIQ formation, three putative metabolic biomarkers of colorectal cancer. The significance of the reduction in beta-glucosidase is unclear.
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PMID:Effects of high- and low-risk diets on gut microflora-associated biomarkers of colon cancer in human flora-associated rats. 910 54

Cereal fiber may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer by diluting colonic contents due to increased fecal output, by accelerating intestinal transit, by increasing fecal frequency and by altering bacterial metabolism. The effects of whole-meal rye bread on some putative colon cancer risk markers were investigated in 17 healthy Finnish subjects using a randomized crossover trial with two 4-wk bread consumption periods and a 4-wk washout period between the bread periods. White wheat bread was used as a control. Test breads covered a minimum of 20% of the daily energy intake (range, 4330-14, 033 kJ/d). Intestinal transit time, stool weight, fecal bacterial enzyme activities and short-chain fatty acid, ammonia, diacylglycerol (DAG) and bile acid concentrations in feces (expressed per gram wet feces) were measured. Whole-meal rye bread significantly increased fecal output and fecal frequency and shortened mean intestinal transit time compared with wheat bread in both women and men. Activities of beta-glucuronidase and beta-glucosidase (expressed per gram wet feces) were significantly lower in men and urease activity significantly higher in women during the rye bread period (RBP). Fecal butyrate concentration was higher during the RBP in men. Fecal ammonia and DAG concentrations did not differ between bread periods. Fecal total and secondary bile acid concentrations were significantly lower during RBP in both women and men. This study shows that whole-meal rye bread significantly improves bowel function in healthy adults and may decrease the concentration of some compounds that are putative colon cancer risk markers.
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PMID:Rye bread improves bowel function and decreases the concentrations of some compounds that are putative colon cancer risk markers in middle-aged women and men. 1095 15

The activities of four microbial enzymes (azoreductase, nitroreductase, beta-glucuronidase, and beta-glucosidase) in major anaerobic members of human fecal microflora were quantified and the influence of the host factors on expression of these microbial enzyme activities was also investigated. Clostridium paraputrificum and C. clostridiiforme showed much higher activities than other fecal anaerobes tested. Nitroreductase activity in C. paraputrificum isolated from fecal specimens of patients with colon cancer was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that in the clostridia isolated from healthy subjects and the subjects given high beef diets. However, the activities of some microorganisms tested showed marked differences in each strain.
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PMID:Comparison of four microbial enzymes in Clostridia and Bacteroides isolated from human feces. 1222 35

Diet-induced changes in the activities of bacterial enzymes are known to play a role in colon cancer development. Resveratrol has been implicated as a protective agent in carcinogenesis. In the present study, the effect of resveratrol on the activities of faecal and colonic biotransforming enzymes such as beta-glucuronidase, beta-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase, mucinase, nitroreductase and faecal sulfatase activity was assessed. The total number of aberrant crypt foci and their distribution in the proximal, medial and distal colon were observed in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced rats (group 3) and other treatment groups (groups 4-6). DMH (0.02 g/kg body weight) was given subcutaneously once a week for 15 consecutive weeks, and the experiment was terminated at 30 weeks. DMH-treated rats showed elevated levels of cancer-associated bacterial enzyme activities, whereas on resveratrol supplementation in three different regimens, rats showed lowered activities. Resveratrol supplementation throughout the experimental period (group 6) exerted a more pronounced effect (P < 0.01) by modulating the development of aberrant crypt foci and the activities of bacterial enzymes than did the other treatment regimens (groups 4 and 5). Thus, the present results demonstrate the inhibitory effect of resveratrol on DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats.
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PMID:Dietary supplementation of resveratrol suppresses colonic tumour incidence in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-treated rats by modulating biotransforming enzymes and aberrant crypt foci development. 1687 3

High intakes of carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables are associated with a reduced risk of various cancers including colon cancer. A human intervention study with carrot and tomato juice should show whether a diet rich in carotenoids, especially high in beta-carotene and lycopene, can modify luminal processes relevant to colon carcinogenesis. In a randomised cross-over trial, twenty-two healthy young men on a low-carotenoid diet consumed 330 ml tomato or carrot juice per d for 2 weeks. Intervention periods were preceded by 2-week depletion phases. At the end of each study period, faeces of twelve volunteers were collected for chemical analyses and use in cell-culture systems. Consumption of carrot juice led to a marked increase of beta-carotene and alpha-carotene in faeces and faecal water, as did lycopene after consumption of tomato juice. In the succeeding depletion phases, carotenoid contents in faeces and faecal water returned to their initial values. Faecal water showed high dose-dependent cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects on colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT29). These effects were not markedly changed by carrot and tomato juice consumption. Neither bile acid concentrations nor activities of the bacterial enzymes beta-glucosidase and beta-glucuronidase in faecal water changed after carrot and tomato juice consumption. Faecal water pH decreased only after carrot juice consumption. SCFA were probably not responsible for this effect, as SCFA concentrations and profiles did not change significantly. In summary, in the present study, 2-week interventions with carotenoid-rich juices led only to minor changes in investigated luminal biomarkers relevant to colon carcinogenesis.
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PMID:Effects of carrot and tomato juice consumption on faecal markers relevant to colon carcinogenesis in humans. 1825 85


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