Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase)
 4,237 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. To establish the speed on onset of jejunal and ileal mucosal hypoplasia and hypofunction in parenterally fed rats, we measured three indices of mucosal mass, three mucosal enzymes and quantitative histology after 3, 6, 10 and 15 days of total parenteral nutrition and compared the results with those in two orally fed control groups, one with and one without intravenous catheters and metabolic cage restraint. The kinetics of galactose absorption in vivo were also measured after 10 days of total parenteral nutrition and in both control groups. 2. The most striking decrease in both jejunal and ileal mucosal wet weight and protein and DNA content per 10 cm length of intestine, occurred after only 3 days of total parenteral nutrition; thereafter the mean values showed only a slight further decrease. 3. The results of the morphometric studies showed that the hypoplasia affected the villi slightly more than the crypts. Within 3 days of starting total parenteral nutrition, mean jejunal mucosal thickness decreased by 16% and after 15 days it had fallen by 28%. The ileum showed similar, although less marked, changes. In the jejunum (not the ileum) modest cellular hypotrophy accompanied the mucosal hypoplasia; there were more epithelial cells/unit length of mid-villus and there was more DNA per g of mucosa in the total parenteral nutrition group than in the control group of rats. 4. Jejunal galactose absorption from the 16, 32 and 64 mmol/l solutions was significantly less in the 10-day total parenteral nutrition rats than in the controls, the apparent Vmax. being five times greater in the orally fed animals. The apparent Michaelis constant (Km) was also significantly less than normal in the jejunum of the parenterally fed rats, suggesting increased affinity of the hypothetical carrier for galactose, perhaps as a result of functionally hypermature cells. 5. Mucosal alkaline phosphatase and catalase activities per unit length of intestine decreased and alpha-D-glucosidase activity increased in the jejunum and ileum of the total parenteral nutrition rats. 6. These results show that during total parenteral nutrition, the ileum and particularly the jejunum show marked reductions in mucosal mass and function after only 3 days of total parenteral nutrition and that there is a more gradual and progressive loss of mucosal mass thereafter up to 15 days.
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PMID:Speed of onset of adaptive mucosal hypoplasia and hypofunction in the intestine of parenterally fed rats. 677 59

Despite the advances in diagnosis and treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), mortality and morbidity rates have not improved over the past decade. A major drawback in diagnosis and treatment of OSCC is the lack of knowledge relating to how genetic instability in oral cancer genomes affects oral carcinogenesis. Hence, the key aim of this study was to identify copy number alterations (CNAs) that may be cancer associated in OSCC using high-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). To our knowledge this is the first study to use ultra-high density aCGH microarrays to profile a large number of OSCC genomes (n = 46). The most frequently amplified CNAs were located on chromosome 11q11(52%), 2p22.3(52%), 1q21.3-q22(54%), 6p21.32(59%), 20p13(61%), 7q34(52% and 72%),8p11.23-p11.22(80%), 8q11.1-q24.4(54%), 9q13-q34.3(54%), 11q23.3-q25(57%); 14q21.3-q31.1(54%); 14q31.3-q32.33(57%), 20p13-p12.3(54%) and 20q11.21-q13.33(52%). The most frequently deleted chromosome region was located on 3q26.1 (54%). In order to verify the CNAs from aCGH using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), the three top most amplified regions and their associated genes, namely ADAM5P (8p11.23-p11.22), MGAM (7q34) and SIRPB1 (20p13.1), were selected in this study. The ADAM5P locus was found to be amplified in 39 samples and deleted in one; MGAM (24 amplifications and 3 deletions); and SIRPB1 (12 amplifications, others undetermined). On the basis of putative cancer-related annotations, two genes, namely ADAM metallopeptidase domain 9 (ADAM9) and maltase-glucoamylase alpha-glucosidase (MGAM), that mapped to CNA regions were selected for further evaluation of their mRNA expression using reverse transcriptase qPCR. The over-expression of MGAM was confirmed with a 6.6 fold increase in expression at the mRNA level whereas the fold change in ADAM9 demonstrated a 1.6 fold increase. This study has identified significant regions in the OSCC genome that were amplified and resulted in consequent over-expression of the MGAM and ADAM9 genes that may be utilized as biological markers for OSCC.
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PMID:Genome wide analysis of chromosomal alterations in oral squamous cell carcinomas revealed over expression of MGAM and ADAM9. 2340 89

1. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of purine nucleosides on performance, gut morphology, intestinal enzymes and immunity functions in broiler chickens from 0 to 21 d of age. 2. A total of 360 1-d-old male chickens (Cobb 500) were randomly assigned to 4 treatments with 6 replications. Experimental diets consisted of a control without any additives and diets containing 0.1% pure adenosine, 0.1% pure guanosine and 0.1% equal aliquots of pure adenosine and guanosine. Two birds per cage (12 birds per treatment) were killed on d 11 and 21 in order to obtain serum samples for lipid profile, jejunal samples for morphology and mucosal immunity, digestive enzymes for epithelial maturation, and bursa and spleen samples for relative weight of immune organs to live body weight. 3. Birds receiving adenosine in their diets showed a significant increase in body weight and average daily gain and a significantly lower feed conversion ratio compared to the control birds. Villus height and width in jejunal samples also increased significantly in birds supplemented with adenosine. Although maltase was not affected by the experimental diets, adenosine increased alkaline phosphatase and aminopeptidase. Adenosine and its combination with guanosine boosted mucosal immunity as a result of increased IgA production. While there was no significant difference among treatments regarding the relative weight of the spleen, adenosine increased the relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius. Present results also showed that adding guanosine to broiler diets had no significant effects on growth, gut morphology, enzymes activity and immunological indices. 4. In conclusion, the improvement in growth performance, gut morphology and immunity in birds receiving adenosine demonstrated that pure adenosine could be a beneficial feed additive for the poultry industry, while guanosine showed no significant improvement.
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PMID:Effect of purine nucleosides on growth performance, gut morphology, digestive enzymes, serum profile and immune response in broiler chickens. 2854 97

Honey proteins are essential bee nutrients and antimicrobials that protect honey from microbial spoilage. The majority of the honey proteome includes bee-secreted peptides and proteins, produced in specialised glands; however, bees need to forage actively for nitrogen sources and other basic elements of protein synthesis. Nectar and pollen of different origins can vary significantly in their nutritional composition and other compounds such as plant secondary metabolites. Worker bees producing and ripening honey from nectar might therefore need to adjust protein secretions depending on the quality and specific contents of the starting material. Here, we assessed the impact of different food sources (sugar solutions with different additives) on honey proteome composition and stability, using controlled cage experiments. Honey-like products generated from sugar solution with or without additional protein, or plant secondary metabolites, differed neither in protein quality nor in protein quantity among samples. Storage for 4 weeks prevented protein degradation in most cases, without differences between food sources. The honey-like product proteome included several major royal jelly proteins, alpha-glucosidase and glucose oxidase. As none of the feeding regimes resulted in different protein profiles, we can conclude that worker bees may secrete a constant amount of each bee-specific protein into honey to preserve this highly valuable hive product.
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PMID:The Effect of Diet on the Composition and Stability of Proteins Secreted by Honey Bees in Honey. 3148 Aug 1