Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase)
 4,237 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ecological and physiological effects of the sulphate-reducing bacterium (SRB) Desulfovibrio desulfuricans on other intestinal organisms were investigated in anaerobic chemostats (dilution rate approximately 0.2 h-1). Reproducible defined bacterial communities were used in these experiments, comprising 14 different saccharolytic and amino acid fermenting species: Bifidobacterium longum, Bif. adolescentis, Bif. pseudolongum, Bif. infantis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bact. vulgatus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecalis, Ent. faecium, Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, Cl. butyricum, Cl. innocuum, Cl. bifermentans. Lactobacillus and Cl. bifermentans populations never rose above minimum detection limits (log10 2.0 and 4.0, respectively) under the experimental conditions employed in these studies. Inclusion of Des. desulfuricans in bacterial cultures (c. log10 8.4 viable cells ml-1) resulted in marked reductions (i.e. greater than 1 log) in planktonic cell population densities of several species, particularly Bif. longum, Cl. perfringens and Bif. pseudolongum. The two bacteroides species were unaffected by Des. desulfuricans, while numbers of Cl. butyricum increased. Extensive wall growth developed in the SRB culture, consisting mainly of Des. desulfuricans (log10 9.2 viable cells ml-1), Bact. thetaiotaomicron and Bact. vulgatus, with lesser numbers of facultative anaerobes, Cl. perfringens and Bif. longum. Wall growth was associated with a reduction in planktonic cell mass and increased acid production by the cultures. Chemotaxonomic study of chemostat microbiotas, on the basis of cellular fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analyses, showed the existence of characteristic bacteroides (C15) and bifidobacterial (C18) markers, but desulfovibrio markers (i-C15:0, C16:0, i-C17:1) could be identified. The metabolic activities of saccharolytic organisms were altered in the SRB chemostat, including synthesis of a number of hydrolytic enzymes involved in carbohydrate breakdown, such as alpha-galactosidase, alpha-glucosidase and beta-galactosidase, together with several mucinolytic enzymes. High concentrations of sulphide (8.2 mmol 1-1) were detected in the SRB chemostat, suggesting that this metabolite may have been inhibitory to some species. Saccharolytic organisms growing in the SRB fermenter utilized more starch, but less galactose-containing polymers, which correlated with the observed glycosidase activities. Profound differences were also recorded with respect to fermentation product formation in the chemostats, where a major switch to acetate production occurred in the SRB culture, with concomitant reductions in propionate, butyrate and lactate, which is an important electron donor for desulfovibrios.
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PMID:Growth of a human intestinal Desulfovibrio desulfuricans in continuous cultures containing defined populations of saccharolytic and amino acid fermenting bacteria. 975 Mar 10

The taxomony of strain CRSS (DSM 15686(T)=ATCC BAA-848(T)) isolated from Cape Russell in Antarctica (Ross Sea, 74 52.35 S 163 53.03 E) was investigated in a polyphasic approach. The morphological, physiological and genetic characteristics were compared with that of related species of the genus Halomonas. The isolate grew optimally at pH 9.0, 10% NaCl at 30 degrees C. The cells were Gram-negative aerobic rods able to produce exopolysaccharide. They accumulated glycine-betaine, as a major osmolyte, with minor components ectoine and glutamate. The strain CRSS biosynthetised alpha-glucosidase. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol as major components. Ubiquinone with nine repetitive unities (Q9) was the only quinone found and the fatty acid composition was dominated by C18:1 (53%). The G+C content of DNA was 55.0mol% and its phylogenetic position was established by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as a member of the genus Halomonas. For physiological, chemotaxonomic and genetic features (DNA-DNA hybridisation) it is proposed to classify the isolate as a new species for which we propose the name Halomonas alkaliantarctica sp. nov.
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PMID:Halomonas alkaliantarctica sp. nov., isolated from saline lake Cape Russell in Antarctica, an alkalophilic moderately halophilic, exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium. 1662 1

A crude acerola polyphenol fraction (C-AP) was prepared by subjecting an acerola extract to a C18 cartridge column, and eluting the adsorbed fraction with ethanol containing 10% of acetic acid. C-AP appeared in a previous study to have an inhibitory effect on alpha-glucosidase and particularly on maltase activities. To elucidate the antihyperglycemic effect of C-AP further, we examined the regulation by C-AP of glucose uptake in Caco-2 cell; this resulted in the inhibition of glucose uptake. We next conducted single administration tests of glucose and maltose to ICR mice to investigate whether C-AP really controlled the intestinal glucose absorption in an animal body. The results showed that C-AP significantly suppressed the plasma glucose level after administering both glucose and maltose, suggesting that C-AP had a preventive effect on hyperglycemia in the postprandial state. The mechanism for this effect is considered to have been both suppression of the intestinal glucose transport and the inhibition of alpha-glucosidase. Despite such a preventive effect, the therapeutic effect of C-AP on hyperglycemia appeared to be low from the experiment with KKAy mice.
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PMID:Antihyperglycemic effect of polyphenols from Acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) fruit. 1692 91

A halotolerant and alkaliphilic Gram-negative bacterium, strain 18bAG(T), that grows aerobically at the optimum temperature of 37 degrees C, and at pH 7.5-10 (optimum 9.0), was isolated from a salt pool located in Montefredane in Campania Region (South of Italy). The isolate tolerated high concentration of NaCl up to 20%. Strain 18bAG(T) accumulated osmolytes and polyhydroxybutyrate, produced exopolysaccharide and possessed alpha-glucosidase activity. The predominant respiratory quinones were ubiquinones, Q8 and Q6(6H); phosphoethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol were the predominant polar lipids. Major fatty acids were C16 : 1, C16 : 0, and C18 : 0. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 18bAG(T) was shown to belong to Halomonas genus. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene revealed a high similarity of strain 18bAG(T) to Halomonas venusta (DSM 4743(T)) and Halomonas hydrothermalis (DSM 15725(T)). Level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain 18bAG(T) and the most related species Halomonas venusta and Halomonas hydrothermalis was 56.0% and 41.2%, respectively. The G+C content (mol%) of DNA was 53.0. The RiboPrinting patterns of Halomonas venusta and 18AG(T) showed a pattern similarity of 0.50. On the basis of genomic information and phenotypic characteristics strain 18bAG(T) represents a new species, for which the name Halomonas alkaliphila sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 18bAG(T) (=DSM 16354T =ATCC BAA-953T).
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PMID:Halomonas alkaliphila sp. nov., a novel halotolerant alkaliphilic bacterium isolated from a salt pool in Campania (Italy). 1732 47