Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase)
4,237 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax) of renal brush border membrane (BBM) enzymes alkaline phosphatase, maltase, leucine aminopeptidase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase were worked out in control, infected and immunized-infected rats. There was no significant change in the Km of all the enzymes studied in three groups. The Vmax of all the enzymes studied decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) 3 or 4 days postinfection and onwards in the left obstructed kidney of infected and immunised-infected animals. However, in the right unobstructed kidney the Vmax of alkaline phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase increased significantly (p less than 0.05) in the early stages and decreased (p less than 0.05) in later stages in both the experimental groups. The significant difference (p less than 0.05) in the Vmax of infected and immunized-infected groups at various stages of infection revealed the partial protective role of antipili antibody against ascending pyelonephritis.
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PMID:Antipili antibody affords protection against ascending pyelonephritis in rat: evaluated by renal brush border membrane enzymes. 288 98

Kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax) of renal brush border membrane (BBM) enzymes alkaline phosphatase, maltase, leucine-aminopeptidase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase were used as markers for the early detection of pyelonephritis. Km of all the enzymes studied remained unaltered. The Vmax of all the enzymes studied were found to be significantly decreased (p less than 0.05) 3 or 4 days postinfection and onwards in the left obstructed kidney. The Vmax of alkaline phosphatase and leucine-aminopeptidase was found to be significantly increased (p less than 0.05) in early stages and decreased (p less than 0.05) in later stages of infection in the right unobstructed kidney. No histopathological lesions confirming pyelonephritis could be seen 7 days postinfection in the left kidney and right kidney remained histopathologically unaltered. This demonstrated that BBM enzymes are much earlier disturbed as compared to histopathological changes.
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PMID:New sensitive markers for the detection of experimental ascending pyelonephritis. 288 3

The postnatal development of brush border enzyme activities, namely maltase, trehalase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, and leucylnaphthylamidase, as well as the ontogenic profile of DNA synthesis has been determined in the mouse kidney. In addition, these parameters were evaluated following daily administration of hormones during 3 days to 8-day-old mice. Insulin or epidermal growth factor induced a 34% increase of maltase activity over that of 11-day-old controls. Trehalase activity was precociously and significantly augmented by cortisone alone or combined with thyroxine (p less than 0.05), although thyroxine alone had no influence. Only epidermal growth factor had a significant effect on alkaline phosphatase activity. gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase activity was significantly decreased when insulin and thyroxine were given simultaneously, but was not modified by any of the hormones injected separately. The level of leucylnaphthylamidase activity was enhanced by 70% after cortisone injection, but it was significantly reduced by thyroxine injected in combination with insulin or cortisone. The incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA was increased by 107% after epidermal growth factor administration, but it was decreased by 33% after the cortisone treatment. In spite of this precocious reduction, the level of incorporation was still 2 times higher than that in adult mice. These results show that hormones act separately or in cooperation to accelerate or retard the maturation of the suckling mouse kidney.
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PMID:Effect of hormones on hydrolase activities and DNA synthesis in kidney of the developing mouse. 290 Dec 85

Nine human kidney epithelial cell lines, isolated from small biopsied material and from whole kidney, were propagated in both a hormonally defined medium and a medium supplemented with serum. At confluency, hemicysts or domes, typical of cultured epithelial cells, were formed by these cells. Monolayers had junctional complexes between cells and the presence of numerous microvilli on the cell surface. Parathyroid hormone markedly stimulated these cells to produce cyclic AMP. They also contained high levels of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, leucine aminopeptidase, and maltase, enzymes that are associated with the brush-border membrane of the proximal tubule. The cultured cells demonstrated the ability to transport amino acids and alpha-methylglucoside, a substrate actively transported only by the proximal tubule in the kidney. Based on these findings, the cultured cells reflected a number of characteristics associated with the proximal tubule. These renal epithelial cell lines may provide a useful model for studying various aspects of human renal physiology and biochemistry.
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PMID:Characteristics of cultured human renal cortical epithelia. 302 75

Activities of the microvillar enzymes gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP), aminopeptidase M (APM), phosphodiesterase and maltase have been examined in second-trimester amniotic fluid as possible aids to the early prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF). The two peptidases, GGTP and APM, gave best results. If the fifth percentile of the normal range is used as an action line, the sensitivity of a positive test (low GGTP value) is 78% and the predictability 84%. At the tenth percentile the sensitivity is 100% and the predictability 77%. These approximate figures apply only to pregnancies where there has been a previous affected child. Until the primary protein defect in CF is discovered, this may prove an acceptable form of prenatal diagnosis to the high-risk mother.
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PMID:Prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis by assay of amniotic fluid microvillar enzymes. 614 94

Trypsin/creatinine clearance ratio--a recently proposed screening test for pancreatic cancer--was assessed in 45 subjects (17 control subjects, 15 patients with pancreatic cancer, and 13 with chronic pancreatitis). A statistically significant increase of the ratio was detected not only in pancreatic cancer, but also in chronic calcifying pancreatitis. Thus, the previously reported clinical usefulness of the test in pancreatic cancer diagnosis was not substantiated by the present data. Although not fully investigated as yet, reasons for an abnormal ratio are probably independent of the neoplastic or inflammatory nature of the pancreatic disease. Science renal enzyme excretion (alpha-glucosidase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, leucine aminopeptidase) was not found to be invariably elevated when trypsin/creatinine clearance ratio was increased, tubular damage cannot be assumed as constituting the only reason for an altered clearance ratio.
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PMID:Role of trypsin/creatinine clearance ratio in the differential diagnosis of chronic pancreatic disease. 616 44

Renal tissue sections from 178 patients, whose kidneys were either normal or altered by various conditions such as hydronephrosis, interstitial nephropathies, chronic graft rejection, renal cancer etc., were investigated by computer-assisted histophotometry. We used enzyme histochemical and immunologic methods to measure kidneys suffering from various urological diseases quantitatively. Through this procedure, we were able to obtain information that allowed us to determine the degree of alteration in the metabolic state of tubular epithelial cells. The tissue activities of the following enzymes of the proximal tubule were investigated: alanine aminopeptidase (AAP), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and maltase (Ma) as membrane-bound markers, and beta-glucuronidase (beta-Gl) as a lysosomal marker. In addition, AAP and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP) were measured by immunofluorescent microscopy after having added specific anti-enzyme antibodies to the tissue sections. Compared to normal kidneys, quantitative enzyme histograms of diseased kidneys revealed a significant decrease in marker protein concentration of the tubule. The decline in tissue enzyme activities of AP, AAP, Ma and beta-Gl was accompanied by a significant decrease of enzyme concentrations as measured by the immuno histological method. This was especially true in cases with kidney cancer and in kidney tissues adjacent to infiltration adenocarcinoma. Morphological analyses of alterations were generally improved by enzymatic and/or immunologic histophotometry.
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PMID:Quantitative enzymatic and immunologic computer-assisted histophotometry of human kidney tissue following neoplastic and other clinically significant alterations. 687 27

The glomerular filtration rate (creatinine clearance), glomerular permeability (qualitative and quantitative proteinuria), tubular reabsorption (k-lambda chains of immunoglobulins and lysozyme) and indexes of tubular cell lysis (alpha-glucosidase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase) were measured in the urine of 10 patients with moderate, uncomplicated essential hypertension during placebo therapy and after captopril given at increasing doses of 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg twice daily, the first three doses being given for 3 days and the last one for 4 weeks in all patients and for an additional 6 months in 5 patients. During placebo therapy, proteinuria was absent in eight patients and detectable (glomerular and selective) in two; selective proteinuria appeared in two and a decrease in selectivity was observed in two patients with previous proteinuria after 4 weeks of captopril therapy. No proteinuria was detectable in the five patients followed up to 6 months, not even in the one in whom a decrease in glomerular selectivity had occurred after 4 weeks. The glomerular filtration rate was unchanged as were lysozyme and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase values, while light chains were always undetectable. Alpha-glucosidase showed some increase; however, increments were transient and always much lower than those observed with known tubular toxic drugs. These data show that under our experimental conditions captopril caused no evident changes in glomerular and tubular function.
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PMID:Effect of captopril on renal function in patients with essential hypertension. 704 2

The inhibitory properties of bromoacetyl-p-aminohippuric acid as the affinity probe of the organic anion transport system were studied. Bromoacetylated p-aminohippurate was shown to be able to inhibit irreversibly the p-aminohippurate (PAH) uptake in brush-border membrane vesicles. The inhibition depends on both the time of treatment and the affinity probe concentration. The treatment of brush-border membrane with 1 mM bromoacetyl-p-aminohippurate for 1.5 h results in 100% irreversible inhibition of PAH transport but no changes were observed in the activity of alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase or maltase. The affinity labelling of the organic anion transporters was performed with bromoacetyl-p-amino[3H]hippuric acid. It was shown, by means of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, that the probe bound covalently to the brush-border membrane proteins with molecular masses of 28 kDa, 63 kDa, 98 kDa, and > 150 kDa. The data obtained with SITS and probenecid as the organic anion transport inhibitors indicate that brush-border membrane proteins of 28 kDa, 63 kDa, 98 kDa may correspond to the organic anion transport system.
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PMID:Affinity identification of organic anion transporters in brush-border membrane vesicles from rat kidney. 820 41

We have assessed the effect of the oral ingestion of thioacetamide on small intestine structure and function. Thioacetamide-treated rats showed diminished mucosa weight; protein, DNA, and RNA content; and leucine aminopeptidase activity as compared to controls in both jejunum and ileum. In the jejunum, there was a reduction in the activities of alkaline phosphatase, ATPase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and myeloperoxidase, whereas in the ileum, maltase, lactase, and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase were reduced. In both jejunum and ileum we found enlarged intercellular spaces, dark epithelial enterocytes, and lymphocyte infiltration. Enterocytes showed lobulated nuclei, deranged mitochondria with loss of their cristae, dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum containing dense material, and vesiculation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. Smooth muscle cells of the intestine exhibited ultrastructural alterations. These findings indicate that chronic oral intake of thioacetamide mimics not only hepatic alterations but also small intestine alterations normally associated with human cirrhosis.
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PMID:Hepatotoxic agent thioacetamide induces biochemical and histological alterations in rat small intestine. 928 39


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