Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase)
 4,237 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The nephrotoxicity of ribostamycin and gentamicin was compared by urinalysis using 18 parameters. When a dose of 40 mg/kg per day was administered intramuscularly to Fischer rats for 14 days, ribostamycin caused little change of parameters in urine volume, urine osmolality, urine protein, maltase and beta 2-microglobulin. A slight increase with ribostamycin was observed in alpha-fucosidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, leucine aminopeptidase, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and potassium, and a moderate increase was observed in acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase. On the other hand, gentamicin caused a large alteration in most parameters. Both antibiotics caused a change of the isoenzyme pattern of LDH1-5, but the pattern with ribostamycin was much closer to the normal pattern than with gentamicin. When a dose of 80 mg/kg of ribostamycin was compared with 10 mg/kg of gentamicin, alteration of urinary parameters was almost comparable. Histopathological observations of the kidney specimens of rats given 40 mg/kg per day showed no histological damage with ribostamycin except for a slight increase and enlargement of lysosomes of the proximal epithelial cells. However, significant histological damage was observed with gentamicin, consistent with the results obtained from urinalysis. Renal accumulation of ribostamycin at a single dose of 20 mg/kg was three times less than that of gentamicin. Ribostamycin caused slightly less nephrotoxicity in rats than kanamycin and far less than dibekacin at an equal dosage of 40 mg/kg per day for 14 days.
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PMID:Comparative nephrotoxicity of ribostamycin and gentamicin in rats evaluated by urinalysis. 259 Dec 99

Urinary excretions of beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), alanine aminopeptidase, beta-glucuronidase, acid and neutral alpha-glucosidase as indicators of proximal tubular dysfunction were measured in patients with acute upper and lower urinary tract infection (UTI) and fever of non-renal origin. The sensitivity of beta 2M was 67% and of NAG 49% as assessed in more than 100 episodes of acute pyelonephritis. Combined use of beta 2M and NAG increased the sensitivity to 75%. The degree of beta 2-microglobulinuria and enzymuria was comparable in patients with acute pyelonephritis and fever due to non-renal infections. The excretion of beta 2M and the various enzymes was too variable and unpredictable in individual cases to be useful as diagnostic indicator. In localizing an acute UTI, tests for proximal tubular dysfunction seem to be of no more clinical value than properly measured body temperature.
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PMID:Diagnostic potential of urinary enzymes and beta 2-microglobulin in acute urinary tract infection. 287 89

cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP) and ifosfamide (IPP) are effective cytostatic agents with a considerable nephrotoxicity. Because of the known synergism of both drugs in animals the combination has been studied in man with disseminated testicular cancer. Nature and extent of nephrotoxicity of DDP in combination with vinblastine, bleomycin and with or without IPP was investigated. The renal involvement was studied during volume expansion and mannitol diuresis. In addition to total kidney function (creatinine clearance and renal electrolyte handling), tubular function has been determined by quantitative assessment of urinary albumin, beta 2-microglobulin, maltase and leucine aminopeptidase excretion. The urinary protein pattern was also analyzed by microgradient electrophoresis to determine low and high molecular weight proteins. The total protein excretion was raised in the groups of patients with DDP and IPP to a 5-fold of the normal (976 +/- 96 mg/24 h) versus a 4-fold increase (756 +/- 102 mg/24 h) without IPP. This was mainly due to renal tubular involvement. For example, IPP raised the tubular toxicity induced by DDP considerably with a 200-fold increase of the beta 2-microglobulin excretion versus only a 10-fold increase without IPP (p less than 0.02). All lesions were reversible and caused no lasting impairment of kidney function. It is concluded that combination regimens including DDP and IPP can be used without a major risk of acute or chronic renal insufficiency. However, urinary protein excretion should be monitored to make certain that the tubular function improves between or after the treatment courses.
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PMID:Nephrotoxicity of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum with or without ifosfamide in cancer treatment. 638 88