Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase)
 4,237 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of carbohydrate intake on jejunal disaccharidases in rats with chronic mannitol-induced, osmotic diarrhea were studied. Weanling rats were force-fed 5 ml/100 g of body weight of water of 20% mannitol (w/v 1300 mOsm) daily for up to 14 days. Diets containing 70% of either starch, sucrose, glucose, or 20% lactose with 50% starch were fed ad libitum. Mannitol-fed rats had increased water intake and diarrhea. They gained weight, but less than controls. The levels of intestinal disaccharidases in mannitol-fed rats were related to dietary carbohydrate intake. Seven days of mannitol treatment led to lactase and sucrase deficiencies in rats fed starch whereas jejunal maltase and alkaline phosphatase were unchanged. Deficiencies in lactase and maltase but not in sucrase were induced when rats were fed a sucrose diet, while a decrease only in sucrase occurred in rats fed a lactose-starch diet. Rats with mannitol-induced diarrhea fed a glucose diet had reduced levels of all disaccharidases. The changes in intestinal disaccharidases were not associated with alterations in the number of epithelial cells or ultrastructural abnormalities. 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA following 7 days of mannitol treatment was similar to water-fed controls. Absorptive epithelial cells were not damaged and the microvilli were normal in height and appearance. These data suggest that the levels of specific disaccharidases show and enhanced dependence upon the corresponding dietary substrates during diarrhea induced by an osmotic load.
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PMID:Interaction between dietary carbohydrates and intestinal disaccharidases in experimental diarrhea. 85 Oct 74

The effect of chronic intragastric infusion of hypertonic mannitol on small intestinal mucosal structure and function was studied in adult rats. Animals were gavage-fed 20% mannitol (1300 mosm) at a dose of 5 ml/100 g body weight daily for seven days. Control animals were gavage-fed tap water on the same schedule. On day 8, the animals were anesthetized, the duodenum cannulated, and a test sugar (glucose, glucose polymer, lactose, sucrose, or maltose) was infused at a dose of 0.5 g/kg body weight in 2.5 ml distilled water over less than 1 min. Portal vein glucose was measured at 30-min intervals from 0 to 120 min. Mannitol treatment resulted in histologic and biochemical alterations (reduced lactase, sucrase, maltase) limited to the proximal small intestine compared to the control group. The absorption of glucose and glucose polymers was similar in mannitol-treated and control animals. In contrast, digestion and absorption of lactose, sucrose, and maltose was significantly diminished in mannitol-treated animals when compared to controls. No changes in permeability to polyethylene glycol 4000 or Na+-coupled glucose transport were observed in mannitol-treated animals compared to controls. These data suggest that when the intestinal mucosa is exposed to hyperosmolar loads that the digestive capacity for disaccharides is suppressed more than its glucose absorptive capacities. Furthermore, glucose oligomers may be more readily digested and absorbed than disaccharides, in this setting, due, in part, to the proximal injury and less pronounced proximal-distal gradient for glucoamylase than other brush-border carbohydrases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Proximal small intestinal mucosal injury. Maintenance of glucose and glucose polymer absorption, attenuation of disaccharide absorption. 249 65

In the intestinal epithelium the rapidly proliferating crypt cells, the precursors of the mature enterocytes are extremely sensitive to the effects of cytostatic agents. The symptoms of intestinal impairment: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, ulceration, are well known both in clinical practice and in experimental chemotherapy. To obtain information about the biochemical nature of these side effects, a study was performed by investigating the influence of clinically used alkylating hexitol derivatives, dianhydrogalactitol and diacetyl-dianhydrogalactitol, on rat intestinal mucosa cells. The biochemical parameters were investigated in isolated intestinal mucosa cells. Cell proliferation was characterized by measuring the activity of thymidine kinase, while digestion was evaluated by assaying the alkaline phosphatase, sucrase and maltase activities localized in the brush border membrane of the villus cells. The dose response studies of the different enzyme activities indicated that inhibition in all cases was dose dependent. The nadir of the intestinal damage and the time of regeneration were influenced both by the dose and the dosage schedule of the drugs.
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PMID:Biochemical changes of intestinal epithelial cells induced by cytostatic agents in rats. 386 86