Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase)
4,237 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the current study, we screened 7 clonal lines from single seed phenotypes of Lamiaceae family for the inhibition of alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. Water extracts of oregano had the highest alpha-glucosidase inhibition activity (93.7%), followed by chocolate mint (85.9%) and lemon balm (83.9%). Sage (78.4 %), and three different clonal lines of rosemary: rosemary LA (71.4%), rosemary 6 (68.4%) and rosemary K-2 (67.8%) also showed significant alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the extracts was compared to selected specific phenolics detected in the extracts using HPLC. Catechin had the highest alpha-glucosidase inhibitiory activity (99.6 %) followed by caffeic acid (91.3 %), rosmarinic acid (85.1%) and resveratrol (71.1 %). Catechol (64.4%), protocatechuic acid (55.7%) and quercetin (36.9%) also exhibited significant alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Results suggested that alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the clonal extracts correlated to the phenolic content, antioxidant activity and phenolic profile of the extracts. The clonal extracts of the herbs and standard phenolics tested in this study did not have any effect on the alpha-amylase activity. We also investigated the ability of the clonal extracts to inhibit rabbit lung angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE). The water extracts of rosemary, rosemary LA had the highest ACE inhibitory activity (90.5%), followed by lemon balm (81.9%) and oregano (37.4 %). Lower levels of ACE inhibition were observed with ethanol extracts of oregano (18.5 %) and lemon balm (0.5 %). Among the standard phenolics only resveratrol (24.1 %), hydroxybenzoic acid (19.3 %) and coumaric acid (2.3 %) had ACE inhibitory activity.
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PMID:Evaluation of clonal herbs of Lamiaceae species for management of diabetes and hypertension. 1650 Aug 86

The enzymological studies on the sediment of the accumulation lake that has the main purpose of supplying drinking water to the city of Cluj-Napoca and the nearby villages, were aimed at the comprehensive understanding of the complex processes that happen in these habitats of special significance. In the sediment samples the following enzymatic activities have been quantitatively determined: phosphatase, actual and potential dehydrogenase, catalase, urease and protease. Non-enzymatic catalytic activity was also measured. Based on the relative values for the enzymatic activities, the enzymatic indicator of the sediment quality (EISQ) was calculated (ranging from 0.1 to 0.7). The enzymatic activities have been qualitatively determined for maltase, saccharase, lactase, cellobiase, amylase, dextranase, levanase, cellulase and inulinase. The correlation between the enzymatic and bacteriologic potential was statistically calculated.
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PMID:The enzymatic activity from the sediment of the Gilau dam reservoir - Cluj county. 1662 16

Membrane barriers which prevent direct contact between Fusarium solani and pea endocarp tissue prevent fungal spores from inducing phytoalexin production. Conversely, preinduced host resistance responses are not readily transported from the plant across the membrane barrier to Fusarium macroconidia.Crude enzyme extracts from pea endocarp tissues partially degrade Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli cell walls. Activities of the glycosidic enzymes, chitinase, beta-1,3-glucanase, chitosanase, beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-D-N-acetylgalactosaminidase, beta-D-glucosidase, alpha-D-glucosidase, and alpha-D-mannosidase, were detected in pea endocarp tissue. If pods are challenged with Fusarium spores or chitosan, the chitinase activity of the infected tissue remains higher than water-treated pods 0.5 to 6 hours after treatment. The beta-1,3-glucanase activity increases within 6 hours in both inoculated and control tissue. Chitosanase activity was lower in tissue treated with Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi, f. sp. phaseoli or chitosan than in water-treated control tissue. Thus, the pea tissue contains glycosidic enzymes with the potential to degrade the major compounds of the Fusarium cell walls.
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PMID:Glycosidic Enzyme Activity in Pea Tissue and Pea-Fusarium solani Interactions. 1666 4

In the current study, we investigated 2 species of the genus Rhodiola for the inhibition of alpha-amylase,alpha-glucosidase and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. Water extracts of Rhodiola crenulata had the highest alpha-amylase inhibitory activity (IC50,98.1 microg total phenolic /ml) followed by ethanol extract of R.crenulata (IC50, 120.9 microg total phenolic/ml) and ethanol extract of R.rosea (IC50, 173.4 microg total phenolic /ml). Ethanol R.rosea (IC50, 44.7 microg total phenolic/ml), water extract of R.rosea (IC50, 52.3 microg total phenolic/ml), water extract of R.crenulata (IC50, 60.3 microg total phenolic /ml) and ethanol extract of R.crenulata (IC50, 60.2 microg total phenolic/ml) also showed significant alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the extracts was compared to standard tyrosol, which was significantly detected in the extracts using HPLC. Tyrosol had strong alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50, 70.8 microg total phenolic/ml) but did not have any inhibitory effect on the alpha-amylase activity. Results suggested that alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities of both Rhodiola extracts correlated to the phenolic content, antioxidant activity and phenolic profile of the extracts. The ability of the above Rhodiola extracts to inhibit rabbit lung angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) was investigated. The ethanol extracts of R.rosea had the highest ACE inhibitory activity (38.5 %) followed by water extract of R.rosea (36.2 %) and R.crenulata (15.4 %).
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PMID:Evaluation of Rhodiola crenulata and Rhodiola rosea for management of type II diabetes and hypertension. 1683 37

Formulations of traditional medicines are usually made up of complex mixture of herbs. However, effective quality control methods in order to select right quality materials are lacking. Though Piper longum is a widely used herb in several Ayurvedic formulations prescribed for various diseases, there is no analytical method in the literature so far which can help in selecting the right quality material with proper proportions of the active ingredients (alpha-glucosidase-I enzyme inhibitory principles). We employed a systematic bioassay guided fractionation method and isolated pipataline, pellitorine, sesamin, brachystamide B and guineensine as active principles. A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed to quantify these active principles in the plant material, which can serve as an effective quality control tool. The separation was carried out using a Discovery HS F5 C-18 (ODS) column and the solvent system used was a gradient comprising of (A) acetonitrile and (B) water with a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The detection was performed using a PDA detector. Regression equation pertaining to all the bioactive isolates revealed a linear relationship (r2 > 0.9995). The detection limits (S/N = 3) ranged from 0.005 to 0.001 microg/ml. Of all the active isolates, sesamin was identified to be present in maximum quantities (0.91%) where as brachystamide B was found in minimum quantity (0.01%).
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PMID:HPLC assisted chemobiological standardization of alpha-glucosidase-I enzyme inhibitory constituents from Piper longum Linn-An Indian medicinal plant. 1687 68

Hot water extract of the aerial part of Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolia, Compositae) showed potent free radical-scavenging activity and inhibitory effects on lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenate. The most potent antioxidative activity focused on the 50% MeOH-eluted fraction on DIAION HP-20 column chromatography. The structure of the major component in the fraction was identified as 2,3,5-tricaffeoylaltraric acid (TCAA) based on spectroscopic evidence. The antioxidative activity of TCAA is superior to that of natural antioxidants such as (+/-)-catechin, alpha-tocopherol, and ellagic acid, and TCAA also showed selective maltase-inhibitory activity (IC(50) 49 microg/ml). As the hypoglycemic activity of Yacon extract was described in a previous report, the present results showing that the aerial part of Yacon has strong antioxidative activity may encourage its potential use as a food supplement to prevent type II diabetes.
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PMID:[Constituents relating to anti-oxidative and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities in Yacon aerial part extract]. 1688 Jul 25

The composition, distribution and extracellular enzyme activities of bacteria attached to small (2-50 microm in size) transparent exopolymer and Coomassie-stained proteinaceous particles (TEP and CSP) were examined in two lakes of different trophic status located in the Massif Central of France. TEP concentrations (10(4)-10(6) particle per L) were significantly higher in the more productive lake and were significantly related to chlorophyll a concentrations. The majority of TEP and CSP were colonized by bacteria that constituted 2.6% and 7.4% of the total 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole-stained bacteria in lakes Pavin and Aydat, respectively. In both lakes, the composition of particle-associated bacteria was different from that of free-living bacteria, the Betaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes (i.e. former Cytophaga-Flavobacteria group) being the dominant groups on particles. We also found that 2-5 microm TEP were more colonized than 2-5 microm CSP in the two lakes, and that TEP colonization was higher in the less productive lake. Measurements of Leucine aminopeptidase and alpha-glucosidase activities in fractionated lake water (0.2-1.2, 1.2-5 and >5 microm fractions) indicated that proteolytic activity was always higher and that particle-associated bacteria have higher enzymatic activities than free-living bacteria. The glycolytic activities in the 1.2-5 and >5 microm fractions were related to the abundance of TEP. We conclude that small freshwater detrital organic particles constitute microhabitats with high bacterial activities in pelagic environments and, undoubtedly, present significant ecological implications for the prokaryotic community structure and function in aquatic ecosystems.
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PMID:Community composition and activity of prokaryotes associated to detrital particles in two contrasting lake ecosystems. 1690 58

A purified pancreatic alpha-amylase inhibitor (alpha-AI) from white beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) was administered orally (100 mg/kg body weight dissolved in 9 g NaCl/l) for 22 d to non-diabetic (ND) and type 2 diabetic (neonatal diabetes models n0-STZ and n5-STZ) male Wistar rats. Mean glycaemia (mmol/l) declined from day 4 of the alpha-AI administration in ND rats (5.48 (sem 0.08) v. 4.39 (sem 0.13); P<0.05), n0-STZ diabetic rats (7.94 (sem 0.42) v. 5.56 (sem 0.32); P<0.01) and n5-STZ diabetic rats (17.34 (sem 2.58) v. 11.93 (sem 1.96)), until the end of treatment: ND (5.22 (sem 0.21) v. 3.97 (sem 0.06); P<0.01); n0-STZ (8.10 (sem 0.19) v. 5.21 (sem 0.30); P<0.01); and n5-STZ (16.36 (sem 2.14) v. 7.69 (sem 1.34); P<0.01). There was a decrease in water intake (ml/d) in the alpha-AI-treated diabetic rats: n0-STZ (30 (sem 0.10) v. 22 (sem 1.50); P<0.01) and n5-STZ (76 (sem 5.04) v. 57 (sem 4.85); P<0.01). Food intake (g/d) decreased in all three groups: ND (23 (sem 0.31) v. 20 (sem 0.03); P<0.05); n0-STZ (22 (sem 0.55) v. 16 (sem 0.98); P<0.01); and n5-STZ (31 (sem 0.58) v. 23 (sem 1.20); P<0.01). The enterocyte sucrase and maltase activities (U/g proteins) were high (P<0.01) in the untreated diabetic rats, n0-STZ (45 (sem 4) and 152 (sem 10), respectively) and n5-STZ (67 (sem 12) and 151 (sem 10), respectively) with respect to the ND rats (24 (sem 2) and 74 (sem 10), respectively). After alpha-AI treatment, enzyme activities declined in both diabetic rats, n0-STZ (21 (sem 2) and 85 (sem 11); P<0.01) and n5-STZ (28 (sem 7) and 75 (sem 19); P<0.05), to values close to those in the ND rats. In conclusion, alpha-AI significantly reduced glycaemia in both the ND and diabetic animals and reduced the intake of food and water, and normalized the elevated disaccharidase levels of the diabetic rats.
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PMID:White bean amylase inhibitor administered orally reduces glycaemia in type 2 diabetic rats. 1692 60

The effects of brewing time on dry weight content and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory active component released from mulberry (Morus alba) tea were studied. Different tea products showed significant differences in inhibitory activity against both sucrase and maltase. The most effective enzyme inhibition was observed when 3 to 5 min brewing time was applied in tea preparation. In a Caco-2 cell culture experiment the tea reduced the liberated glucose contents in both apical and basal sides of the cell monolayers. It can be concluded that hot water extract of mulberry leaves does have inhibitory effect against alpha-glucosidases, sucrase and maltase enzymes, and has a potential to be consumed as antidiabetic herb tea.
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PMID:Alpha-glucosidase inhibitory effect of mulberry (Morus alba) leaves on Caco-2. 1707 Oct 14

The aim of this work was to investigate the efficacy of a new multibacterial species probiotic in broiler nutrition. The probiotic contained 2 Lactobacillus strains, 1 Bifidobacterium strain, 1 Enterococcus strain, and 1 Pediococcus strain. Four hundred 1-d-old male Cobb broilers were allocated in 4 experimental treatments for 6 wk. The experimental treatments received a corn-soybean basal diet and were as follows: "control," with no other additions; "probiotic in feed and water," (PFW) with probiotic administered at 1 g/kg of feed for the whole period and in water on scheduled intervals during the first 4 wk; "probiotic in feed," (PF) with probiotic in feed as in PFW; and "antibiotic," (AB) with addition of avilamycin at 2.5 mg/kg of feed. Salinomycin Na was used as a coccidiostat. Each treatment had 5 replicates of 20 broilers. Treatment effects on parameters of broiler performance and cecal microbial ecology were determined. Broiler BW, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were determined on a weekly and overall basis. Cecal microflora composition, concentration of volatile fatty acids, and activities of 5 bacterial glycolytic enzymes (alpha-galactosidase, beta-galactosidase, alpha-glucosidase, beta-glucosidase, and beta-glucuronidase) were determined at the end of the experiment. Overall, treatment PFW displayed a growth-promoting effect that did not differ from AB. Overall, feed conversion ratio in treatment AB was significantly better (P < or = 0.01) than the control treatment, whereas treatments PFW and PF were intermediate and not different from AB. Concentrations of bacteria belonging to Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., and gram-positive cocci were significantly (P < or = 0.05) higher in treatments PFW and PF compared with the control and AB treatments. Treatments PFW and PF had significantly higher specific activities of alpha-galactosidase and beta-galactosidase compared with the control and AB treatments. In conclusion, probiotic treatment PFW displayed a growth-promoting effect that was comparable to avilamycin treatment. In addition, treatments PFW and PF modulated the composition and, to an extent, the activities of the cecal microflora, resulting in a significant probiotic effect.
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PMID:Evaluation of the efficacy of a probiotic containing Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus, and Pediococcus strains in promoting broiler performance and modulating cecal microflora composition and metabolic activities. 1723 44


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