Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase)
 4,237 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Production of glucoamylase and glycosyltransferase by Endomyces fibuliger was found to depend on sources of carbon and nitrogen nutrition. Starch at a concentration above 0.5% in the medium stimulated biosynthesis of glycosyltransferase but inhibited production of glucoamylase by End. fibuliger 20-9. The rate of growth of the micro-organism increased by a factor of 3.3 with an increase of starch concentration from 0.5 to 6%. Synthesis of glycosyltransferase was repressed by glucose, lactose, sucrose and maltose. Synthesis of glucoamylase was repressed by lactose, sorbose and galactose. Synthesis of glycosyltransferase was stimulated by xylose, sorbose and galactose. Production of glucoamylase was stimulated by xylose and arabinose. Growth of the culture and synthesis of glucoamylase and maltase in the cultural broth were stimulated by an increase in the concentration of maize extract. Biosynthesis of glucoamylase and glycosyltransferase was stimulated by NH4H2PO4.
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PMID:[Effect of growth medium composition of glucoamylase and glycosyltransferase activity of Endomyces fibuliger]. 1 49

Mutants altered in carbon catabolite regulation have been isolated by selecting for mutants of the areA217 strain capable of using acetamide as the sole nitrogen source in the presence of sucrose. In addition to creA mutants described previously be Arst and Cove, strains with mutations in two new genes, creB and cre C, have been found. The creB and creC mutants grow poorly on some sole carbon sources and have low levels of some enzymes of carbon catabolism e.g. beta-galactosidase and D-quinate dehydrogenase. The creB and creC mutants are hypersensitive to fluoroacetate, fluoroacetamide and allyl alcohol in the presence of glucose or sucrose but not glycerol; and the enzymes, acetamidase and alcohol dehydrogenase, are less sensitive to carbon catabolite repression than the wild-type strain. Extracellular protease and alpha-glucosidase enzyme activities are elevated in creB and creC mutants, while L-proline and L-glutamate uptake capacities are lower in both the presence and absence of glucose. Interactions between creA, B and C mutations have been investigated in double mutants, and the dominance properties of creB and creC mutants determined. The results indicate that the creB and creC genes may have a regulatory role in the control of carbon catabolism.
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PMID:Pleiotropic mutants of Aspergillus nidulans altered in carbon metabolism. 32 Apr 55

This study was performed to determine whether the addition of alanyl-glutamine (Ala-Gln) can prevent intestinal mucosal atrophy induced by standard solution of total parenteral nutrition (S-TPN). Forty-one male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250 g were randomly divided into four groups: group I was killed after overnight fasting; group II received S-TPN. The other groups received S-TPN supplemented with amino acids other than glutamine (group III) or supplemented with Ala-Gln 2 g/100 mL (group IV); both solutions were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. After 1 week of TPN the rats were killed, and the duodenum, proximal jejunum, mid-small bowel, and distal ileum were obtained for morphologic and functional analysis. Weight gain did not differ significantly among these four groups, and there was no difference in nitrogen balance between groups III and IV. Serum glutamine in group IV (102.8 +/- 13.3 mumol/dL) was significantly increased (p less than .05) compared with groups I, II, and III (66.2 +/- 3.9, 55.7 +/- 7.8, and 61.3 +/- 10.8 mumol/dL, respectively). Mucosal wet weight, protein, RNA, sucrase, and maltase of group IV were significantly increased (p less than .05) compared with groups II and III. Villus height was significantly increased (p less than .05) in the jejunum of group IV rats compared with groups II and III, but not in any other segments of the intestine. No significant changes were observed in crypt depth among all groups. Diamine oxidase in groups II, III, and IV was significantly decreased (p less than .05) compared with group I in all segments except for the ileum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The dipeptide alanyl-glutamine prevents intestinal mucosal atrophy in parenterally fed rats. 137 46

Gastric intubation was adopted as a means of comparing the effect of two feeding levels, continuous nutrient supply (C) and restricted nutrient supply (R), on the digestive development of pigs weaned at 14 d of age, during the first 5 d post-weaning. The absolute weights of the stomach and the pancreas were significantly greater (P less than 0.001) in C compared with R pigs. The effect was not significant for pancreas weight when expressed per kg body-weight but was significant (P less than 0.05) for stomach weight. The weights of the small intestine (SI), SI mucosa and total mucosal protein were significantly higher (P less than 0.001) in C pigs but protein content per g mucosa was similar in the C and R groups. There was no significant effect of treatment on the activity of lactase (beta-glucosidase; EC 3.2.1.23) or sucrase (sucrose-alpha-glucosidase; EC 3.2.1.48) irrespective of the basis of comparison used. The specific activity (mumol/min per g protein) of maltase (alpha-glucosidase; EC 3.2.1.20) and of glucoamylase (glucan-1,4-alpha-glucosidase; EC 3.2.1.3) were similar in C and R groups but activities of maltase (mumol/g mucosa) (P less than 0.05), and maltase and glucoamylase (mol/d) (P less than 0.01) were significantly higher in C pigs. Villous height and crypt depth were significantly greater in C pigs (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.05 respectively). Enteroglucagon was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in C compared with R pigs. Xylose absorption and the digestibility of energy were not affected by treatment. Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein (nitrogen x 6.25) and carbohydrate were significantly higher (P less than 0.001, P less than 0.01, P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.001 respectively) in R pigs compared with C pigs but the differences were small, ranging from 1.3 to 2.5%. These results demonstrate that (1) nutrient intake in the weaned pig affects the anatomy, morphology and function of the gut, (2) there is considerable 'spare capacity' for digestion of cereal-based diets even in pigs weaned at 14 d of age, (3) measurements in vitro of digestive function are of limited value unless supported by information in vivo on absorption/digestibility.
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PMID:Digestive development of the early-weaned pig. 2. Effect of level of food intake on digestive enzyme activity during the immediate post-weaning period. 204 2

The activities of lysosomal maltase in the serum, urine and kidney were determined in rats with diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ, 75 mg/kg, i.p.) and compared with the changes in N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity. Moreover, effects of insulin on maltase and NAG activities of the serum, urine and kidney in diabetic rats were studied. The following results were obtained: 1) The serum maltase activity within 24 hr after administration of STZ was influenced by insulin secretion. 2) Significant increases in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were observed from the 3rd week after a single administration of STZ. The serum insulin level significantly decreased at 3 weeks after treatment of STZ. In this time, maltase activity in the serum rapidly increased, while the enzyme activity in the kidney decreased considerably. On the other hand, the changes in NAG activities in the serum, urine and kidney after administering STZ were almost similar to those in maltase activities. 3) There were positive relationships between maltase and NAG activities in the serum and urine in diabetic rats, respectively. 4) When lente insulin (2U) was subcutaneously injected once daily for 20 days from 24 hr after administration of STZ, NAG activities in the serum and kidney approached to the control levels. However, maltase activities in the group treated with insulin were significantly higher in the serum and kidney than those in the control group.
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PMID:[Effects of insulin on maltase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activities of serum and kidney in experimental diabetic rats]. 253 Jan 41

The effects of starvation (72 h) and refeeding with three liquid diets, differing only in the molecular form of the nitrogen source (whole whey proteins, WP; tryptic whey protein hydrolysate, WPH; and amino acid mixture, AAM), on the jejunal mucosal morphology and brush border enzyme activities (sucrase, S; maltase, M; and neutral aminopeptidase, NA) of male Wistar rats were studied. All three diets produced repair of the fasting-induced mucosal atrophy; the WP diet gave the most rapid growth with maximum villus height (VH) and protein content after 48 h (p less than 0.01). AAM gave the fastest and greatest stimulation of sucrase and maltase activities (p less than 0.01). There were no significant differences in NA activity. In control rats the WPH and AAM diets produced significantly greater villus height and disaccharidase activities than did the WP diet. Jejunal morphology and disaccharidase activities can be modified by the molecular form of alimentary protein and nutritional status interferes with these modifications.
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PMID:Dietary whey proteins and their peptides or amino acids: effects on the jejunal mucosa of starved rats. 264 93

Human intestinal bacteria were grown in a 3-stage continuous culture system on a medium containing complex polysaccharides and proteins as carbon and nitrogen sources. Selected bacterial populations were enumerated and glycosidase, protease and arylamidase activities measured. Comparison of arylamidase and glycosidase activities in the multichamber system (MCS) and faeces showed that the predominant faecal enzymes were also produced by bacteria growing in the MCS. After 48 d operation, porcine gastric mucin (5.8 g/d) was independently fed to vessel 1. Elevated levels of volatile fatty acid (VFA) formation showed that the glycoprotein was actively fermented. The increase in carbohydrate availability as a result of breakdown of the mucin oligosaccharides stimulated bacterial growth and activities. The enzymological measurements showed that mucin increased production of both cell-bound and extracellular glycosidases, such as beta-galactosidase, alpha-glucosidase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase. Protease activities were profoundly influenced by mucin. These were largely cell-bound in non-mucin cultures but were predominantly extracellular and collagenolytic when mucin was present. Experiments with protease inhibitors showed that cysteine proteases were the major cell-bound and extracellular enzymes in both mucin and non-mucin cultures, but that serine and metalloproteases were also present. The effect of mucin on arylamidase formation was less marked, although there was increased production of these enzymes in vessels 1 and 2 of the MCS. These results suggest that host-produced substances such as mucin glycoprotein may play a role in modulating the growth and activity of bacteria growing in the human large intestine.
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PMID:Influence of mucin on glycosidase, protease and arylamidase activities of human gut bacteria grown in a 3-stage continuous culture system. 266 79

Saccharomyces carlsbergensis strain ATCC 9080 was grown on acid hydrolyzed brewery waste. The substrate contains 22 mg/ml of total carbohydrates of which approximately 60% represents reducing sugars such as maltose and glucose. Optimal conditions for substrate hydrolysis were 1.5% w/v sulfuric acid, 20 minutes and temperature of 110 degrees C. Maximum enzyme production was obtained in a medium containing 0.05% w/v yeast extract at 35 degrees C and at an initial pH of 6. Addition of nitrogen sources was unnecessary. Optimal conditions for alpha-glucosidase extraction from yeast included pH 7.5, 30 degrees C, and 10 minutes of sonication. Maximum hydrolysis of PNPG occurred at pH 7.5, temperature between 30 degrees C and 25 minutes of incubation. Michaelis-Menten constants and Vmax were 1 mM, 0.56 mol/min/mg of protein on P-nitrophenly-alpha-D-glucophyra-noside and 5 mV, 5 mol/min/mg of protein on maltose respectively.
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PMID:Production of intracellular alpha-glucosidase in brewery waste by Saccharomyces carlsbergenesis. 270 Jan 12

Mesenteric vascular occlusion and intestinal obstruction are difficult-to-diagnose medical emergencies. We evaluated a large panel of biochemical markers as diagnostic and prognostic indicators in a rat model of intestinal infarction and partial, complete, and strangulated intestinal obstruction. After intestinal infarction and obstruction, laboratory data are distinctly abnormal. Serum urea nitrogen dramatically increased in all groups, but most rapidly in the groups with infarction and strangulated obstruction. Inorganic phosphorus proved to be a sensitive indicator of infarction, but less so for any form of obstruction. While all members in the infarct group demonstrated significant increases in the aminotransferases, creatine kinase, and alkaline phosphatase, such increases in the groups with obstruction were less pronounced. Serum maltase assays revealed decreasing activities in all members of the groups with complete and strangulated obstruction, but in only 17% of the rats with partial obstruction. Serum maltase activity increased from abnormally low values after surgery to abnormally high values in the six animals that recovered from partial intestinal obstruction. The proportion of hexosaminidase A (of total beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase, EC 3.2.1.30) was generally abnormal in rats with complete and strangulated obstruction.
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PMID:Acute intestinal infarction or obstruction: search for better laboratory tests in an animal model. 296 10

Gut atrophy develops during prolonged total parenteral nutrition (TPN). TPN solutions do not contain glutamine, an energy substrate of the intestinal tract. This study evaluated the effect of addition of L-glutamine to TPN on gut nitrogen content, histology, and disaccharidase enzyme activity. Five groups of six Fisher 344 rats received rat chow, D5W, TPN (23% calories as lipid), or TPN with 1 or 2% L-glutamine. Animals given TPN received 30 kcal and 0.22 g nitrogen/100 g/day. Metabolic cages allowed nitrogen balance for each group. After 6 days infusion, stomach, small bowel, and colon were assayed for total nitrogen and sucrase, lactase, and maltase activity. Mucosal height and fatty infiltration of the liver were determined from histologic sections. Adding either 1 or 2% L-glutamine resulted in no toxic clinical effects. Glutamine preserved intestinal nitrogen content of the stomach and colon compared to standard TPN and increased nitrogen content of small bowel to greater than that in chow-fed animals. Glutamine maintained mucosal height of the stomach and colon, but was no better than TPN alone in maintenance of small bowel mucosal height. One percent glutamine increased and standard TPN depressed maltase activity compared to chow. Standard TPN and 1% glutamine both stimulated sucrase and lactase activity compared to chow. Addition of 1 or 2% glutamine protected the liver from fatty infiltration seen with standard TPN. These studies would suggest the addition of glutamine might be beneficial during provision of standard total parenteral nutrition.
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PMID:Use of L-glutamine in total parenteral nutrition. 313 88


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