Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase)
4,237 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Daily urinary excretion of acid maltase (12.78 +/- 2.10 units/24 hr/mg of creatinine, in 11 normal adults) was significantly decreased in ten patients with late-onset acid maltase deficiency (1.33 +/- 0.16 units/24 hr; P less than .001) and 11 heterozygotes (3.27 +/- 0.62 units/24 hr; P less than .001). Maximal inhibition of urinary acid maltase activity by antibodies against human placental enzyme was 53% in controls, 30% in heterozygotes, and virtually absent in patients. Investigation of pH curves and enzyme inhibition by antibodies confirmed the presence in the kidney of an immunologically distinct "extra" maltase enzyme active at acid pH. Whether acid maltase in normal urine originates in the kidney or cells of the lower urinary tract, the enzyme defect seems to be expressed in these cells in late-onset acid maltase deficiency.
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PMID:Late-onset acid maltase deficiency. Detection of patients and heterozygotes by urinary enzyme assay. 0 23

Urinary excretion of lactate dehydrogenase, hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, arylsulphatase A, alpha-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase, trehalase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase, and leucinearylamidase was studies in a carefully selected group of 100 healthy subjects, 50 women and 50 men. Enzyme activities were assayed in 3-h morning samples after gel filtration of the urine. Activities were related to time volume, and to urinary creatinine concentration. Several transforming functions had to be applied to enzyme output data to obtain an approximation to gaussian frequency distribution. Men showed a significantly higher excretion of gamma-glutamyltransferase, alpha-glucosidase, trehalase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase,beta-glucuronidase, and leucine arylamidase activity than did women if enzyme activity was related to urinary time volume. Women excreted more lactate dehydrogenase, hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, alpha-glucosidase, trehalase, and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activity than did men, if urinary creatinine was used as the basis of reference. Reference intervals were calculated as 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles for both sexes.
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PMID:Normal limits of urinary excretion of eleven enzymes. 1 92

Variations in the urinary excretion of arylsulphatase A, beta-galactosidase, alpha-glucosidase and beta-glucuronidase throughout a 24-h period were studied in 8 healthy subjects. Urine was collected at 3-h intervals and enzyme activities were assayed after gelfiltration of the urine specimens. Significant intra-individual changes of the excretion of all 4 enzymes during the 24-h period were found. Enzyme output was high between 3 a.m. and 9 a.m. and low during the afternoon and evening hours. The most striking pattern was seen for arylsulphatase A. Diurnal variations of urinary enzyme excretion seemed not to be flow dependent. Both modes of expression of enzyme output (mU/min or U/g creatinine) gave corresponding results. It is concluded that for the measurement of the excretion of these enzymes urine should be collected during a fixed time interval, e.g. from 6 a.m. to 9 a.m.
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PMID:Diurnal variations of urinary enzyme excretion. 1 45

In order to evaluate the renal metabolism of amylase and immunoreactive trypsin (IRT) in chronic pancreatic disease, we assayed amylase, IRT and creatinine in serum and urine and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) in dialyzed urine as well as alpha-glucosidase (AGL) and ribonuclease (RNase) in 24 control subjects, 34 patients with pancreatic cancer, 52 with chronic pancreatitis and 32 with extra-pancreatic diseases. Urinary amylase and IRT outputs were found to be more elevated in chronic pancreatitis than in control subjects. The levels of serum amylase, its renal inputs and outputs were correlated with the corresponding IRT values. Multiple regression analyses (dependent on amylase or IRT urinary outputs, circulating levels of the two enzymes, creatinine clearance and the excretion of GGT, AGL and RNase predictor variables) showed significant correlations. The standardized partial regression coefficients found to be significant were: GGT, RNase and serum amylase for amylase, and GGT and RNase for IRT. No difference was found between amylase and IRT outputs in patients with chronic pancreatitis, taking the presence or the absence of alcohol abuse, exocrine insufficiency and pancreatic pseudocysts into consideration. Urinary GGT excretion correlated with serum amylase and IRT levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Renal handling of amylase and immunoreactive trypsin in pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis. 169 Oct 65

Few data are yet available comparing the histological patterns of cadmium nephropathy with the values of urinary enzyme excretions, useful indexes of renal tubular damage. 40 Wistar rats, divided into four groups (A-D), were intoxicated with cadmium chloride (CdCl2) at 16 ppm in drinking water for 4, 16, 40 and 60 weeks, respectively. At the end of each period all the intoxicated rats and 5 controls were assessed for creatinine clearance, fractional excretion of gamma-glutamyltransferase (UfrGGT) and alpha-glucosidase (UfrAGL), indexes of anatomical tubular damage, and for fractional clearance of lysozyme (CfrLys), index of functional tubular damage. Thereafter, the rats were sacrificed and their kidneys examined with light and electron microscopy. Control rats and group A and B rats did not show any histological impairment. A widespread vesiculation of proximal tubular cells with mitochondrial and lysosomal alterations was found in the group C rats and was more evident in group D. The brush border never showed any damage in all groups in accordance with the finding of a normal excretion pattern of UfrGGT, an enzyme situated in this structure. The UfrAGL was increased only in group D rats (p less than 0.025), who showed the most severe anatomical damages. The CfrLys, an index of tubular function, was elevated in group C and D rats (p less than 0.02 and p less than 0.002, respectively). It was possible to detect the initial renal tubular damage.
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PMID:Detection of the early steps of cadmium nephropathy--comparison of light- and electron-microscopical patterns with the urinary enzymes excretion. An experimental study. 256 73

To evaluate the reliability of urinary enzymes as markers of renal tubular damage in obstructive jaundice, research was carried out on 26 Sprague-Dawley rats submitted to bile duct ligation and on 16 sham-operated rats. The fractional clearances of lysozyme (CfrLYS) and of malto-dehydrogenase (CfrMDH)-indices of tubular function-and the fractional excretions of gamma-glutamyltransferase (UfrGGT) and of alpha-glucosidase (UfrAGL)-indices of tubular anatomic damage - were measured 5, 10, 20 and 30 days after operation. Creatinine clearance, urinary sodium excretion, urinary potassium excretion, proteinuria, plasma bilirubin and bile acids were also measured. Kidneys were taken for histology. All rats submitted to common bile duct ligation had high levels of bilirubin and bile acids; proximal tubules were damaged and the extent of the lesions increased with time. However, creatinine clearance, urinary sodium excretion, proteinuria, CfrMDH and UfrAGL gave no indication of renal lesions, whereas CfrLYS and UfrGGT were significantly higher 20 and 30 days after bile duct ligation, respectively. These findings show that CfrLYS and UfrGGT could be useful tests for renal tubular lesions in jaundice.
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PMID:Are urinary enzymes useful markers of kidney damage in obstructive jaundice? An experimental study on Sprague-Dawley rats. 285 26

Forty-one patients with urinary tract infections were randomly assigned to receive for six days gentamicin, amikacin, sisomicin or netilmicin. The dose for each patient was calculated according to creatinine clearance and lean body mass in order to avoid overdosages. Urinary enzymes (alpha-glucosidase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and muramidase), serum creatinine and creatinine clearance, proteinuria and urinary sediment were evaluated for nephrotoxicity. None of the patients developed nephrotoxicity, but urinary enzymes rose significantly in all. The statistical analysis of enzymuria during the treatment permitted the definition of a rank order of the nephrotoxic potential of the aminoglycosides studied.
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PMID:Enzymuria in aminoglycoside-induced kidney damage. Comparative study of gentamicin, amikacin, sisomicin and netilmicin. 286 67

The recovery of tubules after relief of obstructive nephropathy may be investigated through serial assessment of the urinary excretion of tubular enzymes alpha-glucosidase, gamma-glutamyl-transferase and N-acetyl glucosaminidase as well as of the microprotein beta-2-microglobulin. We studied 21 patients in whom obstructive nephropathy was relieved by operative or nonoperative methods. Anuria persisted from 2 to 14 days. In these patients urinary excretion of alpha-glucosidase, gamma-glutamyl-transferase, N-acetyl glucosaminidase and beta-2-microglobulin, as well as the serum creatinine were assessed weekly. Serum creatinine was the earliest index to return to normal (within 9 to 26 days). Enzymuria returned to normal within 35 to 45 days, whereas normal urinary excretion of beta-2-microglobulin occurred more than 100 days after relief of obstructive nephropathy. N-acetyl glucosaminidase and gamma-glutamyl-transferase proved to be more reliable than alpha-glucosidase in detecting recovery of the luminal membrane of the proximal tubule. The return to normal of urinary beta-2-microglobulin levels has been shown to occur later, since more specific and complex intracellular functions underlie this index. The pathophysiological aspects of recovery of obstructive nephropathy may be considered similar to those observed in ischemic acute renal failure, since in both instances hemodynamic changes are involved.
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PMID:Tubule recovery after obstructive nephropathy relief: the value of enzymuria and microproteinuria. 288 28

In order to investigate the role of renal factors in affecting trypsinogen 1 metabolism and excretion in chronic pancreatic disease, serum immunoreactive trypsin (IRT), urinary IRT, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alpha-glucosidase (AGL) and RNase outputs and the molecular size distribution of serum and urine IRT were studied in 8 control subjects, 18 cases with pancreatic cancer, and 23 cases with chronic pancreatitis. Serum chromatography demonstrated that most immunoreactivity eluted as trypsinogen 1. Smaller amounts of immunoreactivity at higher molecular weights were also observed. Urine chromatography displayed both trypsinogen 1 and heavier molecular forms. An inverse linear correlation was noticed between creatinine clearance and serum trypsinogen 1 levels. Multiple regression analysis (urinary IRT output dependent and GGT, AGL, and RNase predictor variables) showed a significant linear correlation. RNase was found to be the most important parameter in explaining urinary IRT output. Mild variations in the glomerular function seem to be able to influence serum trypsinogen 1 levels. Urinary IRT excretion is principally explained by a disturbance in the tubular reabsorption of low molecular weight proteins, such as RNase.
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PMID:Renal factors in serum trypsinogen 1 metabolism and excretion in chronic pancreatic disease. 336 41

The localization of disaccharidases in kidney has been studied by means of the multiple indicator dilution technique. A pulse injection of a solution containing Evans blue dye (plasma marker), creatinine (extracellular marker), and a (14)C-labeled disaccharide (lactose, sucrose, maltose, and alphaalpha-trehalose), is made into the renal artery of an anesthetized dog, and the outflow curves are monitored simultaneously from renal venous and urine effluents. Lactose and sucrose have an extracellular distribution. Trehalose and maltose remain extracellular from the postglomerular circulation. About 75% of filtered tracer maltose or trehalose is extracted by the luminal surface of the nephron. Thin-layer chromatography of urine samples shows that all of the excreted (14)C radiolabel is in the form of the injected disaccharide. Following the administration of phlorizin, all of the filtered radioactivity is recoverable in the urine, but chromatography of the urine samples now reveals that there is a significant excretion of [(14)C]glucose, approximating the amount previously extracted under control conditions (in the absence of phlorizin). It has been verified that no hydrolysis of maltose or trehalose to their constituent glucose subunits occurred during the transit of tracer between the point of injection (renal artery), and the point of filtration (glomerular basement membrane). Similarly, after addition of [(14)C]disaccharides to fresh urine there is no chromatographically recoverable [(14)C]glucose. It is concluded that there exist alpha-glucosidases with maltase and trehalase activity along the brush border of the proximal tubule and that these disaccharidases are located spatially superficial to the glucose transport receptors.
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PMID:Brush border disaccharidases in dog kidney and their spatial relationship to glucose transport receptors. 472 44


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