Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase)
4,237 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study was carried out to examine whether the responsiveness of small intestinal epithelial cells to dietary carbohydrate varied during the daily 24 h cycle. The effect of sucrose on disaccharidase activities was compared during a period of decreasing disaccharidase activities, i.e. between 22.00 and 10.00 hours, and increasing disaccharidase activities, i.e. between 10.00 and 22.00 hours, in the jejunum of 7-week-old-rats. Rats were fed on a low-starch, high-fat diet (Lst; starch 5 and fat 73% of gross energy), or a high-starch, low-fat diet (Hst; starch 70 and fat 7% of gross energy). Both dietary groups exhibited typical diurnal variations in jejunal sucrase (EC 3.2.1.48), maltase (EC 3.2.1.20) and lactase (EC 3.2.1.23) activities, exhibiting a peak around 22.00 hours and a trough at approximately 10.00 hours. When rats were fed on diet Lst for 7 d and then force-fed on an isoenergetic sucrose diet (S; sucrose 40 and fat 37% of gross energy) for 6 or 12 h they exhibited increased sucrase, maltase and lactase activities compared with rats fed on diet Lst. The absolute increase in disaccharidase activities was similar regardless of the time diet S was given or whether rats were killed at 10.00 hours or at 22.00 hours. Analyses of sucrase and lactase activities along the villus-crypt columns showed that the distribution of cell cohorts that responded to diet S was not influenced by the time of introduction of diet S. These findings suggest that small intestinal epithelial cells possess the ability to respond to dietary carbohydrate throughout the daily 24 h cycle.
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PMID:Dietary-induced increases of disaccharidase activities in rat jejunum. 159 99

This study was designed to measure the effect of free glutamine or glutamic acid supplementation on small intestinal growth and disaccharidase enzyme activity in 7-day-old miniature piglets. The piglets received one of three total parenteral nutrition solutions exclusively for 7 days. All three solutions were isonitrogenous and isocaloric, and glutamine or glutamic acid was included at physiological levels (5% of the total amino acid content) in two of the three solutions; the third (control) contained neither glutamine nor glutamic acid. No differences were seen between groups in plasma glutamine or glutamic acid concentrations. Similarly, no effect was observed on small intestinal protein or DNA content or on the specific activities of lactase, sucrase, or maltase. These data demonstrate that in the healthy miniature piglet, parenteral glutamine or glutamic acid supplemented at physiological doses does not influence small intestinal growth and development.
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PMID:Glutamine or glutamic acid effects on intestinal growth and disaccharidase activity in infant piglets receiving total parenteral nutrition. 167 20

1. The role of endogenous CCK in the development of digestive enzyme activities in small intestine and pancreas was investigated in suckling rats. Synthetic protease inhibitor (camostat 100 micrograms/g bwt) was orally administered twice daily for 5 days from 11 days of age. 2. Pancreatic hypertrophy and hyperplasia, and alteration of pancreatic enzyme composition, especially decreases in amylase activity and increases in trypsin and chymotrypsin activities were produced by camostat treatment. These changes were completely suppressed by simultaneous administration of the potent CCK receptor antagonist L-364,718 (1 microgram/g bwt). 3. With camostat treatment, intestinal lactase activity decreased to 41%, while maltase and sucrase activities increased 3 and 2.5 times respectively. These changes in enzyme activities were not affected by the application of L-364,718. 4. The mucosal disaccharidase and pancreatic enzyme activities could not be modified by chronic subcutaneous injection of camostat. The precocious induction of maltase and sucrase activities by camostat treatment was also observed in the adrenalectomized pups. 5. These results indicate that pancreatic growth accompanied by alteration of digestive enzyme composition in the suckling rats is regulated by endogenous CCK, but the precocious induction of disaccharidase activities is not mediated by endogenous CCK released by camostat treatment.
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PMID:Precocious alteration of digestive enzyme activities in small intestine and pancreas by chronic oral administration of protease inhibitor in suckling rats. 168 62

Factors, such as insulin, found in human and pig colostrum and mature milk likely influence small intestinal growth and development. Although pharmacologic doses of insulin injected parenterally may accelerate small intestinal development in altricial animals such as the rodent, the effects of oral insulin on intestinal development have not been studied. In the first of two studies, we randomized 2-d-old miniature piglets to receive bottle-feedings of a swine weaning milk formula with (group F + I) or without (group F) the addition of insulin. Serum glucose, insulin, and cortisol were measured before and 1 h after the first feeding the piglets received at our facility. In the second study, piglets were randomized (groups F and F + I) and fed for 6 d, after which blood samples were obtained as in the first experiment. The piglets were then killed and the small intestine removed for analysis. We found no differences between groups in serum glucose, insulin, and cortisol at both 2 and 8 d of age, both before and after feeding. In the second experiment, small intestinal weight was greater in the F + I than in the F group. Although no differences were noted between groups in the jejunum, values were greater for group F + I versus group F for ileal mucosal weight, protein, RNA, lactase, and maltase activities. No differences were found between groups in ileal DNA or sucrase activity. We conclude that the administration of oral insulin stimulated an increase in ileal mass and disaccharidase activity in the newborn miniature pig without apparent concomitant changes in serum glucose, insulin, or cortisol.
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PMID:Oral insulin increases small intestinal mass and disaccharidase activity in the newborn miniature pig. 169 70

Twenty (12 Holstein, 8 Longhorn cross) calves (198 kg and 7 mo old) were used in a randomized complete block design to evaluate the effects of dietary forage concentration and feed intake on carbohydrase activities and small intestinal (SI) morphology. Calves were individually fed 90% forage (alfalfa) or a 90% concentrate (50% sorghum: 50% wheat) diet at either one or two times NEm for 140 d and slaughtered; tissues and small intestinal digesta were collected. Increased feed intake increased (P less than .05) pancreatic weight, alpha-amylase and glucoamylase activities in the pancreas, SI length and SI digesta weight. Forage-fed calves gained faster (P less than .01) and had greater (P less than .05) pancreatic protein concentrations, alpha-amylase and glucoamylase activities in the pancreas and greater SI digesta alpha-amylase activities than grain-fed calves did. Increased feed intake increased (P less than .01) mucosal weight/cm small intestine only in forage-fed calves and increased (P less than .05) SI surface/volume only in grain-fed calves. Mucosal weight was greatest (P less than .05) at the terminal ileum, surface/volume was greatest (P less than .05) in the duodenum, and mucosal protein concentration was highest (P less than .05) in the SI mid-section. Mucosal lactase was higher (P less than .05) in proximal segments, whereas mucosal isomaltase was higher in middle and distal segments of the small intestine. For mucosal maltase activity, there was a feed intake x SI sampling site interaction (P less than .05) and for trehalase, a diet x feed intake x SI sampling site interaction (P less than .05). The SI distribution patterns of maltase and isomaltase were similar, as were those of trehalase and lactase. The alpha-amylase activity in the pancreas and SI morphology were influenced greatly by diet composition and feed intake by calves.
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PMID:Influence of dietary forage and feed intake on carbohydrase activities and small intestinal morphology of calves. 169 58

1. One litter of 12 pigs was used to evaluate the effects of hydrocortisone acetate injection on organ weight and carbohydrase activities. 2. Pigs were injected with hydrocortisone acetate or an equal volume of saline at 7 days of age and killed at 14 days, and tissues were collected, weighted, and analyzed for carbohydrase activities. 3. Hydrocortisone had no effect (P greater than 0.40) on daily gain, liver weight, spleen weight, or small intestinal length. 4. Hydrocortisone increased pancreatic weight by 29% and total pancreatic alpha-amylase content by 38%. 5. Hydrocortisone increased duodenal mucosal weight by 23%, duodenal lactase activity by 44%, duodenal maltase activity by 163%, and duodenal sucrase activity by 214%.
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PMID:Influence of hydrocortisone acetate on pancreas and mucosal weight, amylase and disaccharidase activities in 14-day-old pigs. 170 74

Ten groups of calves were used to study the changes in activity levels and distribution of seven hydrolases in the intestinal mucosa during development and weaning. The calves in the first group were sacrificed at birth while those in the remaining nine groups were either milk-fed until slaughter on days 2, 7, 28, 56, 70, and 119; or weaned between days 28 and 56 and then slaughtered on days 56, 70, and 119, respectively. The small intestine was immediately cut off and divided into five segments, ie, duodenum, proximal jejunum, median jejunum, distal jejunum, and ileum. In the milk-fed animals, the activity levels of aminopeptidases A and N, alkaline phosphatase, lactase, and isomaltase were maximum at 2 days of age, and then declined sharply between days 2 and 7 but did not change significantly thereafter. By contrast, the maltase activity increased between days 7 and 119, while no sucrase activity was detected. Weaning resulted in a decrease in the activity of lactase and an increase in that of aminopeptidase N, maltase, and isomaltase. The distribution of all these enzymes along the small intestine was slightly influenced by age but not at all by weaning.
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PMID:Activity distribution of seven digestive enzymes along small intestine in calves during development and weaning. 172 29

The effect of gentamicin in the culture of fetal rat intestine was studied. Fetal rat intestine was cultured with gentamicin or kanamycin at the concentration between 4 to 200 micrograms/ml. Kanamycin did not have influence on lactase, maltase and ALP activities. On the other hand, gentamicin caused decrease of lactase and ALP activities at the concentration of 40 and 200 micrograms/ml compared with the activities at 4 micrograms/ml. Maltase activities did not decrease with gentamicin. Our data suggest that gentamicin could affect lactase and ALP activities and lower concentration should be used in the culture.
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PMID:Toxicity of gentamicin in organ culture of fetal rat intestine. 174 95

Oral administration of the antiulcerogenic drug, cimetidine, was studied on kidney-bound hydrolytic enzymes at three different dose levels (30 mg, 100 mg, and 2000 mg/kg body weight) and for single administration for 2 and 24 h, and daily administration for 15 days in mice. It significantly inhibited Na+, K(+)-ATPase, Mg(2+)-ATPase, and Ca2+, Mg(2+)-ATPase in the isolated basolateral membrane (BLM). Brush-border-membrane-(BBM)-associated enzymes, sucrase, lactase, maltase, leucine aminopeptidase, and alkaline phosphatase also showed a marked reduction. Substrate saturation kinetics revealed the nature of inhibition was of mixed type in the case of sucrase, lactase, maltase, and alkaline phosphatase (Km was increased, while Vmax decreased), whereas it was of non-competitive type for leucine aminopeptidase (Km was unchanged, while Vmax decreased). In vitro addition of cimetidine (5-20 mM) to the BBM also inhibited the enzyme activity. Dixon plot produced the inhibition constant (Ki) for cimetidine in the case of maltase, alkaline phosphatase, and leucine aminopeptidase in the order of 14.83, 32.83 and 11.5 mM, respectively. Analysis of lipids revealed a significant reduction in BBM-associated phospholipid and phospholipid/cholesterol molar ratio, while the neutral lipid fraction, i.e., cholesterol and triglycerides were not altered. Free fatty acid exhibited an increase after drug treatment, which was significant at higher dose after 24 h of single and 15 days of daily treatment. BLM-associated lipids did not exhibit any significant change. Cimetidine-induced depression in renal BLM- and BBM-associated disaccharidases and ATPases, at least at the higher dose level, may have serious consequences in the absorption of end-product nutrients.
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PMID:Depression of membrane-bound hydrolases by cimetidine in mouse renal basolateral and brush border. 183 34

An experimental model of congenital intestinal obstruction (CIO) was created in rats by means of fetal intrauterine surgery between the 16th and 20th days of gestation. By the use of a microsurgical technique areas at the mid-jejunum or the jejuno-ileal junction were infarcted by coagulation of mesenteric vessels. Gestation was terminated by Cesarean section within 24 hours before expected term to avoid cannibalism. The structure of the intestinal mucosal cells proximal and distal to the CIO at the light microscopy as well as the ultrastructure level was not changed indicating that the surgical method was successful. The activities of the brush border enzymes, maltase and lactase were significantly reduced distal to the obstruction as compared to controls. Proximal to the obstruction lactase was the only enzyme showing reduced activity in comparison to controls. These findings were not dependent on the localization of the obstruction or when it was performed and suggest that CIO causes selective changes of the biochemical properties of the cell membrane. The results are in agreement with the findings of disaccharidase activities in biopsies taken from human infants with CIO and point to the importance of a normal intestinal passage for the development of brush border enzymes.
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PMID:Experimental intestinal obstruction in rats. Studies on structure and disaccharidase activities. 185 16


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