Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase)
 4,237 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In vivo biochemical indices of nephrotoxicity were investigated in Fischer 344 rats treated with a new platinum analog, tetraplatin [tetrachloro(dl-trans)1,2-diaminocyclohexane platinum(IV), NSC-363812], in comparison with rats receiving equimolar dosages of cisplatin and CHIP [cis-dichloro,trans-dihydroxybis-isopropylamine platinum(IV), NSC-256927]. The goals of this study were to assess the comparative nephrotoxicities and to determine which battery of tests might be useful for the assessment of platinum analog-induced nephrotoxicity in future clinical investigations of these drugs. An iv bolus injection of 6.7, 13.3, 26.7, and 53.3 mumol/kg of each drug in saline was administered and assessment of biochemical parameters was conducted for 15 days postinjection. A combination of urinary enzyme and protein excretion rates along with blood urea nitrogen (BUN) determinations was used to assess the nephrotoxicity of these compounds. At equimolar dosages, tetraplatin appeared to be less nephrotoxic than cisplatin, and CHIP was not nephrotoxic. At all dosages tested, cisplatin increased the rate of urinary excretion of protein, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) between Days 1 and 5. Tetraplatin did not affect these parameters until the 13.3 mumol/kg dosage. Cisplatin had little effect on the excretion rates of the brush border enzymes alkaline phosphatase and maltase, whereas tetraplatin caused an initial elevation with delayed onset of peak excretion rates at 8 days postinjection. Changes in BUN were not evident until after the 13.3 mumol/kg dosage of cisplatin and the 26.7 mumol/kg dosage of tetraplatin. BUN was useful for ranking the relative toxicities of the three compounds tested, but was not as sensitive in detecting the onset of injury that correlated with early histopathological changes. Tetraplatin appeared to be less nephrotoxic than cisplatin on an equimolar basis and the specific manifestations of its toxicity were different from those observed with cisplatin. Urinary excretion rates for LDH, NAG, and protein proved to be sensitive indicators of platinum analog-induced nephrotoxicity. These indices, combined with BUN determinations and functional assessments, facilitated comparisons of the nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin and tetraplatin in rats.
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PMID:In vivo biochemical indices of nephrotoxicity of platinum analogs tetraplatin, CHIP, and cisplatin in the Fischer 344 rat. 335 Feb 30

Oxidative stress is recognized as a common pathology that affects up to half of all men infertile. Fucoxanthin possesses antioxidant activity, and several investigators have reported anti-inflammatory action. This study extracted powder of Sargassum glaucescens by acetone to obtained fucoxanthin rich-brown algae extract (FXE). The objective of this study was to evaluate the ameliorative effects of fucoxanthin extract from Sargassum glaucescens on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 macrophage cells and its protective effects of against Cisplatin (CP)-induced reproductive damage in hamsters. Eighty male Syrian hamsters were injected with and without CP, then daily oral gavage with various concentrations of fucoxanthin for 5 days. Treatment with FXE reduced the level of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde in RAW 264.7 cells and the rats' testis as well as protective effects on mitochondrial membrane potential. The FXE administration also improved testosterone level and alpha-glucosidase activity. The sperm count also increased after treated with FXE, whereas sperm abnormality was reduced. Histopathological analysis showed that FXE successfully improved the seminiferous tubules morphology. According to these findings, fucoxanthin extract from Sargassum glaucescens can be used as an alternative for the treatment of testicular damage.
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PMID:Oral supplementation of fucoxanthin-rich brown algae extract ameliorates cisplatin-induced testicular damage in hamsters. 3208