Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase)
 4,237 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Production of extracellular alpha-glucosidase was studied with strain KP 1006 of a new species of thermophilic Bacillus, which was isolated from soil samples by enrichment at 65 C. alpha-Glucosidase production was maximum at 60 C and at an initial pH of 6.5. The final enzyme yield was increased by starch, maltose, glycerol, peptone, and yeast extract but reduced by acetate and gluconate, alpha-Glucosidase was formed in the cytoplasm and accumulated as a large pool during the logarithmic growth phase. At a midpoint of this period, the enzyme appeared in the culture broth, and its level increased until the end of the stationary phase.
 ...
PMID:Production of extracellular alpha-glucosidase by a thermophilic Bacillus species. 0 93

1. A search for lysosomal hydrolases and related enzymes has been made in hemolysates from human and rabbit red cells. Apart from acid phosphatases, significant activities were found only for alpha-mannosidase, neutral alpha-glucosidase and beta-hexosaminidase. 2. alpha-Mannosidase (alpha-D-mannoside mannohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.24) activity per cell in human red blood cells was 200-times lower than in white cells. The optimal pH was 5.5--6.0. Electrophoresis on cellulose acetate showed three bands. Hemolysates from four patients with mannosidosis were not deficient in alpha-mannosidase. pH activity curves and elctrophoretic pattern were similar to those of controls. From its biochemical and genetic properties, it is concluded that red cell mannosidase differs from the lysosomal acid mannosidase.
 ...
PMID:Alpha-mannosidase in human red cells. 3 42

Mycelial and yeast forms of P. brasiliensis were tested for several glucohydrolases. In addition to high levels of beta-glucanases, low amounts of alpha-glucanase, chitinase and maltase were found. Tests for invertase, amylase and lactase were negative. The levels of beta-1,3-glucanase were higher in the mycelial form. The shift to the mycelial phase correlated with an increase in the levels of beta-1,3-glucanase. The enzyme was present in the cytoplasm, cell wall and culture medium. The extracellular enzyme was purified 42 fold by ammonium sulphate precipitation and gel filtration. Maximal activity was obtained at 60 degrees C and pH of 5.0 (acetate buffer or pH 6.0 (phosphate buffer). Its Km was 0.205 mg/ml. The cell wall-bound enzyme showed a higher temperature optimum. Optimum pH and Km were also slightly different. Following treatment of the cell walls with chitinase, beta-1,3-glucanase was released into the medium.
 ...
PMID:Beta-1-3-glucanase and dimorphism in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. 4 May 30

Activities of maltase, sucrase, lactase and acid-beta-galactosidase were studied in jejunum and ileum of term rat fetuses obtained by cesarian section. Female rats were either untreated or injected daily in the last (3rd) week of pregnancy with cortisone acetate (10 or 50 mg/100 g body weight) or L-triiodothyronine (20 or 50 microgram/100 g body weight). Two other control groups were injected with appropriate solvents. Cortisone or T3 treatment to mothers increased sucrase and maltase activity in jejunum and ileum of the offspring. Generally, higher doses of hormone were more effective. Lactase activity was increased by 25% in the jejunum by the higher dose of cortisone. Both doses of cortisone increased ileal lactase. Jejunal acid-beta-galactosidase activity was decreased in fetuses of T3-treated mothers.
 ...
PMID:Effect of cortisone or L-triiodothyronine administration to pregnant rats on the activity of fetal intestinal disaccharidases and lysosomal acid beta-galactosidase. 41 95

A highly thermostable alpha-glucosidase (E C.3.2.1.20) from an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB 8, was purified to homogeneous by ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography and preparative slab gel electrophoresis. The enzyme was purified 17 fold with 21% recovery of activity. The enzyme had a molecular weight of 67000 by SDS-PAGE. The isoelectric point was pH4.5 by IEF on PAG. The enzyme hydrolized p-nitrophenyl-alpha-glucoside (PN-PG), sucrose and maltose, but not cellobiose, melibiose and soluble starch. The km value for PNPG was 0.4mmol/L, the Vmax was 0.29 mumol.min-1.mg-1. The enzyme exhibited high thermostability. After incubation at 90 degrees C for 10 h in 50 mmol/L acetate buffer pH 5.8, the enzyme retained 90% of its original activity. The half-live (t1/2) at 95 degrees C was 108 min. The enzyme was activated by Mg2+, Mn2+, Ca2+, Ba2+ and strongly inhibited by Hg2+, Cu2+. Modification of the enzyme by EDC or DEPC led to complete loss of activity, which suggests that carboxyl group(s) and histidine residue(s) are essential for activity of alpha-glucosidase.
 ...
PMID:[Purification and characterization of alpha-glucosidase from an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB 8]. 141 35

Bacteroides forsythus is a fastidious anaerobic gram-negative organism associated with various forms of periodontal disease. It is dependent on N-acetylmuramic acid for growth. A method for rapid presumptive identification of human-derived strains of B. forsythus is presented, based on the following eight criteria: (i) positive activity for alpha-glucosidase, (ii) positive activity for beta-glucosidase, (iii) positive activity for sialidase, (iv) positive activity for trypsinlike enzyme, (v) negative indole production, (vi) requirement for N-acetylmuramic acid, (vii) colonial morphology, and (viii) gram stain morphology from blood agar medium deficient in N-acetylmuramic acid. Enzymes were assayed with rapid filter paper spot tests based on fluorogenic substrates (4-methylumbelliferone derivatives and N alpha-carbobenzoxy-L-arginine-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin hydrochloride). Gas-liquid chromatography analysis of the metabolic products of B. forsythus grown in peptone yeast extract broth supplemented with N-acetylmuramic acid and heat-inactivated horse serum revealed predominant amounts of acetate, propionate, butyrate, isovalerate, and phenyl acetate, with minor amounts of isobutyrate and succinate. The described presumptive identification scheme facilitated recognition of four strains of B. forsythus which were isolated from subgingival plaque samples from monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). With the exception of indole production, these organisms were essentially identical to the human strains of B. forsythus for all phenotypic and genotypic characteristics examined.
 ...
PMID:Rapid presumptive identification and further characterization of Bacteroides forsythus. 155 81

1. One litter of 12 pigs was used to evaluate the effects of hydrocortisone acetate injection on organ weight and carbohydrase activities. 2. Pigs were injected with hydrocortisone acetate or an equal volume of saline at 7 days of age and killed at 14 days, and tissues were collected, weighted, and analyzed for carbohydrase activities. 3. Hydrocortisone had no effect (P greater than 0.40) on daily gain, liver weight, spleen weight, or small intestinal length. 4. Hydrocortisone increased pancreatic weight by 29% and total pancreatic alpha-amylase content by 38%. 5. Hydrocortisone increased duodenal mucosal weight by 23%, duodenal lactase activity by 44%, duodenal maltase activity by 163%, and duodenal sucrase activity by 214%.
 ...
PMID:Influence of hydrocortisone acetate on pancreas and mucosal weight, amylase and disaccharidase activities in 14-day-old pigs. 170 74

Acemannan (ACE-M), a beta-(1,4)-linked acetylated mannan, was evaluated for in vitro activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Castanospermine (CAS), deoxymannojirimycin (DMN), swainsonine (SWS), azidothymidine (AZT), and dideoxythymidine (DDC) were tested in parallel as control compounds. In vitro antiviral efficacy of ACE-M was evaluated in a variety of cell lines including human peripheral mononuclear, CEM-SS1 and MT-2(2) cells. The virus strain, number of infectious units per cell, and target cell line were important factors in determining the degree of inhibition of viral cytopathic effect in the presence of ACE-M and other control compounds tested. Maximum inhibitory effect was observed in CEM-SS cells infected with the RFII strain of HIV-1. This inhibitory effect was determined to be concentration-dependent. Assay design included primary screening to measure cell viabilities of infected target cells in the presence and absence of test compounds. When tested on HIV-1/RFII-infected CEM-SS cells, the 50% inhibitory effect of CAS (IC50 = 28), an inhibitor of alpha-glucosidase I, was determined to be similar to that observed for ACE-M (IC50 = 45). However, DMN and SWS, inhibitors of mannosidase I and II, tested in parallel to CAS and ACE-M, exhibited no IC50 values. Antiviral potential of ACE-M as an inhibitor of syncytia formation was also explored using CEM-SS cells. Suppression of syncytia formation was observed at an ACE-M concentration of 31.25 micrograms/ml, and complete inhibition was observed at 62.5 micrograms/ml. In addition, HIV-1 RNA levels were studied to establish the antiviral potential of ACE-M in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Inhibition of AIDS virus replication by acemannan in vitro. 176 65

High-pressure liquid chromatography and microcalorimetry have been used to study the thermodynamics of the hydrolysis reactions of a series of disaccharides. The enzymes used to bring about the hydrolyses were: beta-galactosidase for lactulose and 3-o-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-arabinose; beta-glucosidase for alpha-D-melibiose; beta-amylase for D-trehalose; isomaltase for palatinose; and alpha-glucosidase for D-turanose. The buffer used was sodium acetate (0.02-0.10 M and pH 4.44-5.65). For the following processes at 298.15 K: lactulose(aq) + H2O(liq) = D-galactose(aq) + D-fructose(aq), K0 = 128 +/- 10 and delta H0 = 2.21 +/- 0.10 kJ mol-1; alpha-D-melibiose(aq) + H2O(liq) = D-galactose(aq) + D-glucose(aq), K0 = 123 +/- 42 and delta H0 = -0.88 +/- 0.50 kJ mol-1; palatinose(aq) + H2O(liq) = D-glucose(aq) + D-fructose(aq), delta H0 = -4.44 +/- 1.1 kJ mol-1; D-trehalose(aq) + H2O(liq) = 2 D-glucose(aq), K0 = 119 +/- 10 and delta H0 = 4.73 +/- 0.41 kJ mol-1; D-turanose(aq) + H2O(liq) = D-glucose(aq) + D-fructose(aq), delta H0 = -2.68 +/- 0.75 kJ mol-1; and 3-o-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-arabinose(aq) + H2O(liq) = D-galactose(aq) + D- arabinose(aq),0H0 = 107 +/- 10 and delta H0 = 2.97 +/- 0.10 kJ mol-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Thermodynamics of hydrolysis of disaccharides. Lactulose, alpha-D-melibiose, palatinose, D-trehalose, D-turanose and 3-o-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-arabinose. 187 72

In vitamin A-deficient children, increased rates of bacterial infections in the intestine have been observed. The adherence of bacteria is a prerequisite for invasion. Thus, the effect of vitamin A deficiency on the adherence of fimbriated and nonfimbriated Salmonella typhimurium to isolated small intestinal enterocytes was studied. Male weanling rats matched by weight were divided into three groups: one group was fed a vitamin A-free diet for 8-12 weeks; another was given the same diet supplemented with retinol acetate; a third group matched for age served as controls. The vitamin A-deficient group showed a significantly lower growth rate and lower serum retinol levels than either the retinol acetate-supplemented or control groups. In all the groups, S. typhimurium possessing mannose-sensitive fimbriae adhered to enterocytes in significantly larger numbers than the nonfimbriated strains. The number of fimbriated S. typhimurium bound to enterocytes from the proximal small intestine was significantly higher in the vitamin A-deficient rats than in the pair-fed vitamin A-supplemented group (19.3 +/- 14.9 versus 7.8 +/- 5.0; p less than 0.05) or the control group (19.3 +/- 14.9 versus 8.7 +/- 3.5, p = 0.01). The specific activities of the enterocytes lactase, sucrase, and maltase and the protein content in the vitamin A-deficient rats were similar to those in the controls. These results demonstrate that vitamin A deficiency in rats is associated with the increased ability of S. typhimurium to adhere to proximal small intestinal enterocytes. However, the possible changes in the membrane of the enterocyte do not include decreases in brush border disaccharidases or protein content.
 ...
PMID:Effect of vitamin A deficiency on the adherence of fimbriated and nonfimbriated Salmonella typhimurium to isolated small intestinal enterocytes. 197 42


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>