Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase)
4,237 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We measured the activity of several acid hydrolases in oligodendrocyte and mixed glial (predominantly astrocytic) cell cultures prepared from neonatal rat cerebra. When compared with the mixed glial cultures, the cultured oligodendrocytes exhibited higher levels for all the hydrolases when activities were normalized to protein content. When enzymic activities were examined as a function of DNA content, oligodendrocytic alpha-L-fucosidase, beta-D-glucuronidase, arylsulfatase, and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase were higher than in mixed glial cultures, whereas the activities of alpha-D-glucosidase, beta-D-galactosidase and acid phosphatase were not elevated. These differences could not be accounted for by the fetal bovine serum present in the culture medium. The enrichment in acid hydrolase specific activities in the oligodendrocytes may be associated with a rapid turnover of at least some of the extensive myelin-like membrane formed by these cultured cells. Alternatively, the enrichment of acid hydrolase activity in the oligodendrocytes may be associated with intracellular vesicles of lysosomal origin which may play a role in myelin-like membrane assembly. Exactly which of the above two processes, or possible combinations thereof, is responsible for the present finding is not known.
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PMID:Cultured neonatal rat oligodendrocytes are enriched in acid hydrolase activities. 321 50

A panel of 42 rodent x cat somatic cell hybrids has been used to assign seven structural genes for lysosomal enzymes to specific chromosomes in the domestic cat. The assignments include alpha-glucosidase (GANAB) to chromosome D1, alpha-galactosidase (GLA) to the X chromosome, beta-galactosidase 1 (GLB1) to chromosome B3, beta-glucuronidase (GUSB) to chromosome E3, alpha-mannosidase A (MANA) to chromosome B3, alpha-L-fucosidase (FUCA) to chromosome C1, and hexosaminidase A (HEXA) to chromosome B3. In all cases, the feline lysosomal enzyme genes were located in linkage groups which were syntenic with their homologous positions in the human gene map. These assignments expand the genetic map of the cat and reaffirm the extensive syntenic homology between the chromosome maps of man and cat.
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PMID:Chromosomal mapping of lysosomal enzyme structural genes in the domestic cat. 322 Apr 74

Some glycosidase activities have been determined in blood sera from 21 patients who ingested a toxic oil (rapeseed oil denatured with aniline(s) and treated by a thermal process). The samples were collected from the same patients on 3 or 4 occasions during a period of 11-12 mth. During this period, the clinical state of the patients improved and, generally, they were restored to health. beta-N-Acetylglucosaminidase, alpha-L-fucosidase, beta-D-glucuronidase, beta-D-glucosidase and alpha-D-mannosidase activities, which were higher in patients than in 17 controls during the first mth decreased to normal values in the period studied, 11-12 mth. In contrast, beta-D-galactosidase, alpha-D-galactosidase and alpha-D-glucosidase activities, which were initially lower in patients than in controls, were finally similar or higher than in controls. One explanation for these results could be the possible alteration of the cell membrane(s) by the toxic substance(s).
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PMID:Glycosidase activities in sera from convalescent patients who ingested a toxic oil. 398 46

In the newborn lamb, activities of lysosomal enzymes are lower in the duodenum and jejunum than in the ileum. In contrast, there are only minor differences, if any, in activities of lysosomal enzymes between the regions of the small intestine of 5-day-old lambs. In the duodenum, jejunum and ileum, activities of hexosaminidase, alpha-mannosidase, beta-mannosidase, alpha-L-fucosidase and phosphodiesterase are greater in newborn than in 5-day-old lambs. Only in the distal part of the small intestine are activities of beta-glucuronidase, alpha-glucosidase, alpha-galactosidase, beta-galactosidase, acid phosphatase and cathepsin B higher in the newborn than in 5-day-old lambs. Cathepsin B activity is lower in the duodenum and jejunum of the newborn than in 5-day-old lambs.
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PMID:Lysosomal enzymes in the intestine of the newborn lamb. 609 93

Six glycoside hydrolases in the culture medium of Bacteroides fragilis--alpha-glucosidase, beta-glucosidase, alpha-galactosidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, and alpha-L-fucosidase-were systematically purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration chromatography, and density gradient isoelectric focusing. The isoelectric focusing resolved the glycosidases into distinct, well-separated fractions and revealed three differently charged forms of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and of alpha-L-fucosidase. Furthermore, alpha-glucosidase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase were shown to possess dual affinities for the respective galactoside substrates, and beta-galactosidase also hydrolyzed beta-D-fucoside. alpha-Glucosidase was purified to homogeneity, as indicated by a thin-layer isoelectric focusing zymogram technique. The glycosidases, with exception of beta-glucosidase and the acid alpha-L-fucosidase, were each separated from other glycosidic activities to 99%. The molecular weights varied between 58,000 and 125,000. The pH optima ranged from 4.8 to 6.9.
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PMID:Purification of glycoside hydrolases from Bacteroides fragilis. 625 Apr 77

This study determined in a blind fashion the activity levels and thermostability properties of two lysosomal hydrolytic enzymes, acid phosphatase and alpha-mannosidase, in plasma samples from 25 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and 25 age- and sex-matched normal controls. Mean alpha-mannosidase activity (3.2 +/- 1.0 mU/ml) and acid phosphatase activities (6.5 +/- 2.9 mU/ml) in CF patients were not significantly different from those found in normal individuals (2.8 +/- 0.7 and 7.6 +/- 3.4 mU/ml, respectively). Using stringent conditions no differences in thermostability properties of these enzymes were found between plasma from CF patients as compared to that of normal controls. When activity levels of these enzymes and of four additional hydrolytic enzymes, alpha-L-fucosidase, alpha-galactosidase, alpha-glucosidase and beta-galactosidase, were determined in submandibular saliva, no significant differences in enzyme levels between CF and age- and sex-matched controls were noted nor were thermostability differences found. Our data do not support the concept that altered properties of these enzymes are useful as markers for detection of CF homozygotes and heterozygotes, nor the hypothesis that the defect underlying this disease is a deficiency of post-translational modification of glycoproteins leading to their mis-compartmentalization and qualitative alteration.
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PMID:Plasma and submandibular saliva lysosomal enzymes in cystic fibrosis. 639 40

Castanospermine (1,6,7,8-tetrahydroxyoctahydroindolizine) was tested against a variety of commercially available glycosidases and found to be a potent inhibitor of almond emulsin beta-glucosidase, and also to inhibit fungal beta-xylosidase. This alkaloid was inactive on yeast alpha-glucosidase, alpha- or beta-galactosidase, alpha-mannosidase, beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase, alpha-L-fucosidase. Fifty-percent inhibition of beta-glucosidase required about 10 micrograms/ml of castanospermine. The amount of inhibition was uniform throughout the time course, and the inhibition with regard to substrate concentration (p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside) appeared to be of the mixed type. Castanospermine was also a potent inhibitor of beta-glucocerebrosidase when assayed with fibroblast extracts using either a fluorimetric or a radioactive assay. Interestingly enough, castanospermine also inhibited the lysosomal alpha-glucosidase, and this inhibition required comparable levels of alkaloid to that required for inhibition of beta-glucocerebrosidase. However, a number of other lysosomal glycosidases were not sensitive to castanospermine (i.e., alpha- or beta-galactosidase, alpha- or beta-mannosidase, alpha- or beta-L-fucosidase, beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase).
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PMID:Castanospermine, a tetrahydroxylated alkaloid that inhibits beta-glucosidase and beta-glucocerebrosidase. 640 22

The activities of various glycosidases in homogenates of the small-intestinal mucosa of one adult and two suckling echidnas, Tachyglossus aculeatus, were investigated. The activities of lactase (beta-D-galactosidase), beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, neuraminidase and alpha-L-fucosidase were higher in the sucklings than in the adult animal. Maltase and isomaltase activities were lower. Sucrase and cellobiase activities were absent or present in trace amounts only. The lactase activity had a pH optimum of 4.0-4.5, was predominantly in the soluble fraction following ultracentrifugation and was inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate, suggesting that it was due to a lysosomal acid beta-galactosidase and not a brush-border neutral lactase. The maltase activity of the sucklings also had the characteristics predominantly of a lysosomal acid hydrolase. It is proposed that in suckling echidnas, the oligosaccharides (mainly neuraminyllactose and fucosyllactose) of the mother's milk are digested intracellularly by lysosomal enzymes, rather than at the brush border, of the epithelial cells of the small-intestinal mucosa.
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PMID:Intestinal glycosidase activities in one adult and two suckling echidnas: absence of a neutral lactase (beta-D-galactosidase). 641 47

Fluorescent Pseudomonas species (P. aeruginosa, P. fluorescens, P. putida) were tested for the presence of glycosidase activities (alpha-D-glucosidase, beta-D-glucosidase, alpha-D-galactosidase, beta-D-galactosidase, beta-xylosidase, alpha-D-mannosidase, alpha-L-fucosidase, beta-L-fucosidase, beta-D-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase). Some of the investigated glycosidases were always absent, while N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase was constantly present in all strains; 3 glycosidase activities were observed in association or separately. Serotype O11 of P. aeruginosa was found to be homogeneous with respect to some of those enzymatic activities. Search for beta-D-galactosidase, alpha-D-glucosidase and beta-D-glucosidase may be of diagnostic value in epidemiologic studies of P. aeruginosa.
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PMID:[Detection of glycosidases in Pseudomonas of the fluorescent group: relation between serotype and glycosidase activities in P. aeruginosa]. 642 62

The activities of various glycosidases in homogenates of the small intestinal mucosa of two adult and 18 suckling tammar wallabies (M. eugenii) aged from 6 to 50 weeks were investigated. Lactase (beta-D-galactosidase), beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, alpha-L-fucosidase and neuraminidase activities were high during the first 34 weeks post partum and then declined to very low levels. Maltase, isomaltase, sucrase and trehalase activities were very low or absent during the first 34 weeks, and then increased. The lactase activity was unusual in being greater in the distal than the middle or proximal thirds of the intestine, and in its low pH optimum (pH 4.6), inhibition by p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate but not by Tris, and lack of cellobiase activity. These properties are those of a lysosomal acid beta-galactosidase rather than of a brush border neutral lactase. The maltase activity had the characteristics of a lysosomal acid alpha-glucosidase early in lactation and of a brush border neutral maltase in adult animals. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to changes in dietary carbohydrates during weaning and to the mode of digestion of milk carbohydrates by the pouch young.
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PMID:Intestinal lactase (beta-galactosidase) and other glycosidase activities in suckling and adult tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii). 678 21


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