Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase)
 4,237 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Rats bearing Reuber H-35 or Novikoff hepatomas and mice bearing L1210 or L5178Y murine leukemias exhibited elevated serum levels of fetuin : N-acetylneuraminic acid transferase (EC 2.4.99.1) activity. The serum transferase activity could be correlated with the growth rate of the tumor; in animals bearing the more rapidly growing Novikoff hepatoma, activity was higher than in animals bearing the Reuber H-35 hepatoma. Higher transferase levels were also found in L1210 leukemic mice than in mice with the slightly slower growing L5178Y leukemia. Serum from rats bearing Reuber H-35 hepatoma and mice bearing L1210 murine leukemia had elevated levels of alpha- and beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20 and EC 3.2.1.21), alpha- and beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22 and (3.2.1.23), beta mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.25), alpha- and beta-fucosidase (EC 3.2.1.- and EC 3.2.1.38), beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30) and acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2); alpha-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.24), beta-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (EC 3.2.2.-) and beta-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.37) were not elevated. In animals bearing Reuber H-35 hepatoma, host liver levels of glycosidases, beta-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31) and acid phosphatase were elevated over both the control and the hepatoma values. The data are interpreted to mean that the tumors or various host tissues release large quantities of enzymes into the serum and that enzyme levels in host organs may also be affected by the tumor.
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PMID:Serum and host liver activities of glycosidases and sialyltransferases in animals bearing transplantable tumors. 17 98

1. Six weeks after the injection of streptozotocin at 125 mg/kg i.p. in the AV line nondiabetic Chinese hamsters, the animals showed hyperglycemia, increased kidney, pancreas and stomach weights and stomach glucagon contents and depletion of insulin and glucagon in the pancreas. 2. Plasma beta-D-galactosidase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase were elevated; whereas alpha-D-glucosidase was decreased and alpha-D-galactosidase remained unchanged in the plasma. 3. In the kidney, streptozotocin-diabetes led to depression of alpha-D-mannosidase, beta-D-fucosidase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activities in both 12,000 g supernatant and precipitate fractions, decreases in alpha-D-glucosidase in the supernatant only and no change in alpha-L-fucosidase, alpha-D-galactosidase, beta-D-galactosidase and beta-D-glucuronidase. 4. In the liver, significant increases in N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, alpha-D-galactosidase, beta-D-galactosidase, beta-D-fucosidase, beta-D-glucosidase and alpha-D-mannosidase were found in either the supernatant or the precipitate fraction of the diabetic animals. The data indicate diabetes-dependent tissue-specific changes in glycohydrolases in the Chinese hamster.
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PMID:Alterations in glycohydrolase activities in streptozotocin-diabetic Chinese hamsters (Cricetulus griseus). 31 16

Brush border membrane bound disaccharidases (sucrase and maltase) and lysosomal enzyme (alpha-glucosidase, beta-D-fucosidase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase) activities awere studied in amniotic fluid (AF). The above enzymes except N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase showed a decrease in activity with gestational age beginning at about the 19th week. The activities of sucrase and maltase correlate with the morphological maturation of fetal intestinal mucosa. The distribution of disaccharidases and lysosomal alpha-glucosidase in AF and intestinal mucosa showed different patterns suggesting that these enzymes originate in diverse fetal tissues.
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PMID:Disaccharidase and lysosomal enzyme activities in amniotic fluid, intestinal mucosa and meconium. Correlation between morphology and disaccharidase activities in human fetal small intestine. 34 69

The pH optima and apparent Km and Vmax values were determined for nine glycosidases of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of the calf. In terms of micromoles of substrate cleaved per milligram protein per hour, the following relative order of enzymatic activities was observed: beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase greater than alpha-glucosidase = beta-N-acetylgalactosaminidase greater than alpha-mannosidase greater than beta-galactosidase greater than beta-glucosidase greater than alpha-fucosidase greater than alpha-galactosidase greater than beta-glucuronidase. The pH optimum of each of these enzymes was in the acidic range (below pH 6). All these findings refer to enzymatic activities of bovine RPE preparations obtained by the brushing procedure of Glocklin and Potts and washing as described by Berman and Feeney. Thus they may relate to those activities associated with particulate components of the RPE cell and not to the more soluble glycosidases. The distribution of the glycosidases between the washes of the cells and the final pellet of bovine RPE cells was examined. The activities of 10 glycosidases in the RPE of the embryonic chick were also examined. Neither beta-mannosidase nor beta-fucosidase activities could be detected in washed bovine RPE cells, although beta-mannosidase was detected in RPE of the embryonic chick. The presence of isoenzymes of beta-glucuronidase in bovine RPE was indicated. Specificity by beta-glucuronidase of bovine RPE for synthetic substrates was observed.
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PMID:Glycosidases of the retinal pigment epithelium. 70 Sep 67

A biochemical scheme was developed by which strains of Streptococcus constellatus, Streptococcus intermedius, and Streptococcus anginosus can reliably be distinguished from within the "Streptococcus milleri group." Strains identified as S. intermedius were differentiated by the ability to produce detectable levels of alpha-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-D-fucosidase, beta-N-acetylgalactosaminidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, and sialidase with 4-methylumbelliferyl-linked fluorogenic substrates in microdilution trays after 3 h of incubation at 37 degrees C, together with the production of hyaluronidase. Strains of S. constellatus and S. anginosus were differentiated by the production of alpha-glucosidase and hyaluronidase by the former and the production of beta-glucosidase by the latter. The majority of strains of the S. milleri group obtained from dental plaque were identified as S. intermedius, as were most strains isolated from abscesses of the brain and liver. Strains of S. constellatus and S. anginosus were from a wider variety of infections, both oral and nonoral, than were strains of S. intermedius, with the majority of strains from urogenital infections being identified as S. anginosus.
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PMID:Phenotypic differentiation of Streptococcus intermedius, Streptococcus constellatus, and Streptococcus anginosus strains within the "Streptococcus milleri group". 238 Mar 75

The specific activities of several glycosidases (beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-D-glucosidase, alpha-D-glucosidase, beta-D-fucosidase, alpha-L-fucosidase and beta-D-galactosidase) were determined in human sera from a control group to 10 normal subjects and in four groups, each of 10 patients, with acute viral hepatitis, acute pancreatitis, acute myocardial infarction and breast cancer. The results show significantly higher activities in acute viral hepatitis for beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-D-glucosidase and alpha-D-glucosidase (p less than 0.001); in acute pancreatitis for the first two of these enzymes (p less than 0.001); and in breast cancer for beta-D-glucosidase (p less than 0.001). Further, lower differences were found in the patients with acute viral hepatitis for beta-D-fucosidase and alpha-L-fucosidase (p less than 0.01); in acute myocardial infarction for beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-D-glucosidase, alpha-D-glucosidase, beta-D-fucosidase and beta-D-galactosidase (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.05, p less than 0.05, p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.01, respectively); and in breast cancer for beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (p less than 0.01). No significant differences were found for the other glycosidases.
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PMID:Serum beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-D-glucosidase, alpha-D-glucosidase, beta-D-fucosidase, alpha-L-fucosidase and beta-D-galactosidase levels in acute viral hepatitis, pancreatitis, myocardial infarction and breast cancer. 680 Jun 74

The importance of bacterial vaginosis as a risk factor in obstetric and gynecological infections has recently been recognized. The bacterial vaginosis group of organisms includes members of the Streptococcus milleri group, the identification of which has caused much confusion. We prospectively surveyed the rates of carriage of S. milleri group organisms in 397 high vaginal swabs received in our laboratory. For the identification of 99 clinical isolates and 23 control strains, we compared the results obtained by the rapid ID 32 Strep system (Analytab Products) and by a scheme utilizing six differential phenotypic characteristics (presence of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, alpha-glucosidase, beta-D-fucosidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-N-acetylgalactosaminidase, and beta-glucosidase) as described by Whiley et al. (R. A. Whiley, H. Fraser, J. M. Hardie, and D. Beighton, J. Clin. Microbiol. 28:1497-1501, 1990). We identified Streptococcus anginosus in 18% and Streptococcus constellatus in 0.05% of the specimens examined. Of the isolates of S. anginosus that reacted with grouping antisera, 20 of 25 belonged to Lancefield group F. The incubation conditions for bacterial cultures and for reaction mixtures affected the results of phenotypic characterization in the production of alpha-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase, and beta-glucosidase. However, by using bacterial cultures grown under hypercapnic conditions and incubating the reaction mixtures aerobically, consistent phenotypic characteristics were obtained, allowing identification similar to that obtained by the ID 32 Strep system. We therefore recommend the phenotypic scheme as an inexpensive, reliable, and convenient method for the initial identification of species of the S. milleri group.
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PMID:Species identification of members of the Streptococcus milleri group isolated from the vagina by ID 32 Strep system and differential phenotypic characteristics. 765 Jan 93

Larval and adult Psacothea hilaris feed on mulberry wood and leaves, respectively. High levels of endogenous activity against the major dietary carbohydrates, cellulose, hemicellulose, starch and soluble sugars were secreted in the gut of larvae and adults. Activity against pectin was also high and multiple polygalacturonase (EC 3.2.1.15) components were secreted in the gut of larvae. One glycanase component, beta-EG1, which was primarily an endo-beta-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4) and another, beta-EG2, which was mostly an endo-beta-1,4-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8), were also secreted, while at least four additional components hydrolysed laminarin, lichenin and crystalline cellulose. The beta-glycosidase component beta-GD1 was associated with most of the beta-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.25) and beta-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.37) activity secreted in the gut of larvae, while another, beta-GD2, was a beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21), the activity of which was directed against cellobiose and other beta-linked disaccharides, and a beta-fucosidase (EC 3.2.1.38). A beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23), which did not hydrolyse lactose, was also secreted, as were distinct beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.52), trehalase (EC 3.2.1.28), alpha-L-arabinosidase (EC 3.2.1.55), alpha-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22) and a minimum of four alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) components, one of which was also likely to be associated with a peak of alpha-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.24) activity. The alpha-glucosidase components varied in their specificity for alpha-linked disaccharides, but none was active against sucrose, which was hydrolysed by a beta-fructofuranosidase (EC 3.2.1.26) component. Overall average levels of activity in larvae were twice those of adults, but the secretion of individual carbohydrases in both was not regulated in response to the relative abundance of particular carbohydrate components in their respective diets.
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PMID:Diet and carbohydrate digestion in the yellow-spotted longicorn beetle Psacothea hilaris. 1277 Apr 76