Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase)
 4,237 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty-five patients with parasitologically confirmed symtomatic giardiasis were treated with tinidazole. A course of 150 mg twice daily for 7 days cured 14 of 19 patients (74%), and a single dose of 2,000 mg cured 24 of 26 (92%). After the single dose, mild side effects were common including maltase, lassitude, and dizziness. Three probable cases of the so-called "postgiardiac syndrome" were seen. Either dosage of tinidazole initially cleared all stool samples of Giardia lamblia, and most clinical and parasitological failures were first detected a few weeks after the treatment. This emphazises the significance of long follow-up periods.
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PMID:Comparative evaluation of two dosages of tinidazole in the treatment of giardiasis. 68 40

We observed 3 diabetic patients with intolerable dizziness followed by nausea and vomiting immediately after an initial administration of the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, voglibose. These symptoms did not recur after discontinuation of the drug. Adverse effects as observed in these cases have not been reported previously. Since the 3 patients were relatively old (average age, 72 years old) and had various degrees of micro- and macroangiopathies, these side effects may have been associated with increased micro- and macrocirculatory disturbances in their central nervous systems through alpha-glucosidase inhibition of this agent.
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PMID:Three diabetic cases of acute dizziness due to initial administration of voglibose. 980 82

Dumping syndrome commonly occurs after gastrectomy. The late dumping, which is one of the dumping syndromes, is due to postprandial hypoglycaemia caused by an excessive insulin secretion after a sharp rise in plasma glucose. Several treatments, including operation, dietary fibre and somatostatin, have been attempted to relieve dumping symptoms. These treatments take effect through modulation of plasma insulin and glucose levels, but their efficacy is still under consideration. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor attenuates the postprandial increase of plasma glucose levels and is widely used for treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The acute effect of alpha-glucosidase inhibitor on late dumping syndrome has been reported by some studies with test meals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a long-term effect of alpha-glucosidase inhibitor treatment with ordinary meals in late dumping patients with NIDDM because administration of alpha-glucosidase inhibitor is only ethically allowed for diabetic patients in Japan. Six late dumping patients with NIDDM were orally administered alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose (50 or 100 mg), three times a day before each meal for 1 month. Diurnal changes of plasma glucose, insulin and pancreatic glucagon levels were compared before and after the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor treatment. All patients had late dumping-related symptoms, such as weakness, palpitation and dizziness before the induction of alpha-glucosidase inhibitor treatment. Patients suffered from a rapid fall in plasma glucose levels from hyperglycaemia at the same time as dumping symptoms. These late dumping-related symptoms disappeared and a rapid change of plasma glucose and insulin levels were attenuated after the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor treatment. These data suggest a long-term therapeutic efficacy of alpha-glucosidase inhibitor for late dumping patients.
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PMID:Long-term effect of alpha-glucosidase inhibitor on late dumping syndrome. 991 26

Postprandial hypotension (PPH) is defined as a decrease of systolic blood pressure by more than 20 mmHg after meals. Severe PPH is a troublesome diabetic complication, which has no established means of treatment. We encountered a patient who had diabetes mellitus complicated by severe PPH and attempted to treat this problem using several medications (octreotide, midodrine hydrochloride, and acarbose). A 58-year-old male with diabetic triopathy complained of orthostatic dizziness and vertigo after meals. The blood pressure was monitored for 24 h with an ambulatory blood pressure monitor, revealing that the systolic blood pressure decreased markedly after breakfast and dinner by 45 and 50 mmHg, respectively. PPH was not improved by a subcutaneous injection of octreotide. Administration of midodrine hydrochloride reduced the frequency of hypotensive episodes from twice to once daily, but the magnitude of the postprandial fall in blood pressure was still around 30 mmHg. After the patient started to receive acarbose therapy, the postprandial fall in blood pressure was diminished to 18 mmHg and his symptoms largely disappeared. For the treatment of PPH in diabetic patients, our experience suggests that it may be appropriate to try first on alpha-glucosidase inhibitor like acarbose.
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PMID:Acarbose improved severe postprandial hypotension in a patient with diabetes mellitus. 1135 85

As a new class of antidiabetic drug, incretin-based therapies, which include dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4Is) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), have raised concerns about symptoms of withdrawal in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), such as dizziness and headache. To systematically evaluate whether incretin-based therapies may lead to dizziness and headache in patients with T2DM compared to other traditional antidiabetic drugs or placebo. We searched Medline, Embase, the Cochrane library, and clinicaltrials.gov from inception through June 23, 2017, to identify randomized controlled trials of the safety of DPP-4Is or GLP-1 RAs versus placebo or other antidiabetic drugs in T2DM patients. We used the network meta-analysis under the frequentist framework to compare the association between multiple antidiabetic drugs and dizziness and headache. A total of 233 clinical trials with nine treatments and 147,710 patients were included: two incretin-based therapies, one placebo, and six traditional antidiabetic drugs (metformin, insulin, sulfonylurea, thiazolidinediones, alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2). Compared to insulin, thiazolidinediones, or placebo, GLP-1 RAs statistically significantly increased the risk of dizziness (odds ratios [ORs]: 1.92, 1.57, and 1.40, respectively) and headache (ORs: 1.34, 1.41, and 1.18, respectively). DPP-4Is increased the risk of headache (OR: 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02 to 1.46; moderate quality) and dizziness (OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.05 to 2.03; moderate quality) compared to insulin. Of the incretin-based therapies, DPP-4Is had a lower risk of dizziness than GLP-1 RAs (OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.67 to 0.87; high quality). Ranking probability analysis indicated that GLP-1 RAs may have the greatest risk of both dizziness and headache among the nine treatments (22.5% and 23.4%, respectively), whereas DPP-4Is were in the middle (46.2% and 45.0%, respectively). Incretin-based therapies increase the risk of dizziness and headache compared to insulin, thiazolidinediones, and placebo.
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PMID:Neurological Manifestation of Incretin-Based Therapies in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. 3178 42