Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase)
4,237 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mutants (NP1 and PSJ5) of Tetrahymena thermophila strains B and D 1968 exist that are unable to construct a functional oral apparatus and form food vacuoles at 37 C but which do so normally at 30 C. Food vacuole-less cells starved in dilute salt solution released similar amounts of acid phosphatase, beta-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and alpha-glucosidase activity into the medium as wildtype cells during an 8-h period. Actively growing, food vacuole-less cells had approximately 50% less total protein, acid phosphatase, beta-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, and alpha-glucosidase per cell than wildtype cells after 72-h growth. During this time food vacuole-less cells released significant amounts of the 3 acid hydrolases into the growth medium. For each hydrolase, the total activity released from growing, food vacuole-less cells was less, on a per cell basis, tahn the amount released from food vacuole formers. The proportion of the total activity secreted by the mutant and the wildtype cells was the same for acid phosphatase and beta-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and somewhat lower for alpha-glucosidase. It is concluded that the release of a significant amount of acid hydrolase activity from Tetrahymena is independent of food vacuole formation and may be analogous to the secretory activity of other nonphagocytic eukaryotic cells.
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PMID:Acid hydrolases and their release in food vacuole-less mutants of Tetrahymena thermophila. 39 96

B and T lymphocytes were separated by means of the spontaneous sheep red blood cell rosette formation technique from 3 normal donors. The following acid hydrolases were biochemically determined on separated B and T lymphocytes: acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-hexosaminidase, alpha-arabinosidase, alpha-galactosidase, alpha-mannosidase, alpha-glucosidase, and pH 4.0 and pH 5.0 beta-glucosidase. The activities of most of the acid hydrolases including acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase were found to be slightly decreased in B lymphocytes when compared to T lymphocytes. However, alpha-mannosidase activity was found to be significantly higher in the B lymphocytes than in the T lymphocytes and offers the possibility of using this enzyme as a B lymphocyte marker.
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PMID:Acid hydrolases in normal B and T blood lymphocytes. 41 51

Ten lysosomal enzyme activities have been compared during the growth and ageing of adult human liver cell lines. Arylsulfatase A, beta-D-galactosidase and beta-D-glucuronidase activities were significantly lower and arylsulfatase B activity was significantly higher in senescent cells than in actively growing cells. Furthermore, hexosaminidase activity was lower and acid phosphatase activity higher in old cells in every cell line tested but the differences were not significant. On the other hand, no change occurred in alpha-L-fucosidase, alpha-D-mannosidase, alpha-D-galactosidase and alpha-D-glucosidase activities. These results demonstrate that the increase in size and number of secondary lysosomes during ageing is accompanied for a few lysosomal enzymes by an increase or a decrease in activity depending on the enzyme.
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PMID:Lysosomal enzyme activities during ageing of adult human liver cell lines. 52 13

It is shown that infection of chick embryo fibroblasts with agents of paratrachoma and meningopneumonia Halprowiaceae (Chlamydiaceae) causes a sharp decrease of the activities of lysosomal enzymes, e.g. acidic alpha-glucosidase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase, alpha-mannosidase, acid phosphatase, etc. The activity of cytosol enzymes (neutral alpha-glucosidase, amylo-1,6-glucosidase) does not change, however. A decrease in the activities of lysosomal enzymes in infected fibroblasts occurs some time later after inoculation and is due to a release of lysosomal enzymes from the fibroblasts into the culture medium, without loss of cell integrity. No changes in the activity of lysosomal enzymes in fibroblasts and culture medium is observed in the case of inoculation of cells with a killed agents, as well as after contact of cells with a suspension of normal chick embryo yolk sacs. The release of lysosomal enzymes from halprowiae-infected chick embryo fibroblasts probably occurs by the exocytosis.
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PMID:[Study of lysosomal enzymes in chick embryo fibroblasts infected with microorganisms of family Halprowiaceae (Chlamydiaceae)]. 55 98

Hypertension is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis and often occurs in association with diabetes mellitus. Specific activities of hydrolases in homogenates of aortas from rats with renal-clip hypertension, normotension following a period of hypertension, and hypertension combined with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus were measured. Enzymes included: neutral alpha-glucosidase, and lysosomal N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, cathepsin C, acid alpha-glucosidase, and acid cholesteryl esterase. After 6 or 12 weeks of hypertension, specific activities of all enzymes measured were significantly increased, levels ranging from 24% above normal for cathepsin C to 351% above normal for N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase. Six weeks of normotension following 6 weeks of hypertension resulted in restoration to normal of four of the six enzyme activities; the remaining two enzymes were significantly below normal levels. Combined hypertension and diabetes mellitus showed smooth muscle cell levels of four of the five hydrolases measured to be significantly lower than those present with hypertension alone. In every instance, histochemical studies of aortas showed acid phosphatase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activities which corresponded to the biochemical findings. These findings indicate profound and discrete effects of two clinical risk factors on vascular smooth muscle cell lysosomes.
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PMID:Hydrolase activities in the rat aorta. II. Effects of hypertension alone and in combination with diabetes mellitus. 65 43

The effect of exposure of Channa punctatus to a sub-lethal concentration of lead nitrate on the activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase amylase, maltase, lactase, trypsin and pepsin has been investigated. A decrease in the activity of alkaline phosphatase has been recorded after 15 days of exposure but there was no significant change after 30 days. Acid phosphatase showed an elevation in activity of both stages. All the three carbohydrases shows elevation after 15 days, followed by an inhibition after 30 days of treatment. The activity of pepsin and trypsin remained above the normal level throughout the tensure of the experiment reveal that the pattern of alteration in enzyme activities is different in liver and digestive system.
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PMID:Alternations in the activity of some digestive enzymes of Channa punctatus, exposed to lead nitrate. 66 84

1. Fragments (2-20 mg wet wt.) of closed needle-biopsy specimens from human liver were disrupted in iso-osmotic sucrose and subjected to low-speed centrifugation. The supernatant was layered on a linear sucrose-density gradient in the Beaufay small-volume automatic zonal rotor. The following organelles, with equilibrium densities (g/ml) and principal marker enzyme shown in parentheses, were resolved: plasma membrane (1.12-1.14; 5'-nucleotidase); lysosomes (1.15-1.20; N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase); mitochondria (1.20; malate dehydrogenase); endoplasmic reticulum (1.17-1.21; neutral alpha-glucosidase); peroxisomes (1.22-1.24; catalase). 2. The distribution of particulate alkaline phosphatase and, to a lesser degree, leucine 2-naphthylamidase followed that of 5'-nucleotidase. gamma-Glutamyltransferase was associated with membranes of significantly higher equilibrium density than was 5'-nucleotidase. 3. The distribution of 12 acid hydrolases was determined in the density-gradient fractions. beta-Glucosidase had a predominantly cytosolic localization, but the other enzymes showed a broad distribution of activity throughout the gradient. Evidence was presented for two populations of lysosomes with equilibrium densities of 1.15 and 1.20 g/ml, but containing differing amounts of each enzyme. Further evidence of lysosomal heterogeneity was demonstrated by studying the distribution of isoenzymes of hexosaminidase and of acid phosphatase. 4. The resolving power of the centrifugation procedure can be further enhanced with membrane perturbants. Digitonin (0.12 mM) selectively disrupted lysosomes, markedly increased the equilibrium density of plasma-membrane components and lowered the density of the endoplasmic reticulum, but did not affect the mitochondria or peroxisomes. Pyrophosphate (15 mM) selectively lowered the equilibrium density of the endoplasmic reticulum.
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PMID:Analytical subcellular fractionation of needle-biopsy specimens from human liver. 70 96

Tissues of rats with adjuvant arthritis manifested differences in activity and distribution between free, latent and membrane-bound forms of acid catepsins, alpha-D- and beta-D-galactosidases, alpha-D- and beta-D-glucosidases, beta-D-glucorunidase, hyaluronidase, acid phosphatase, arylsulphatases (A+B). Activation of certain hydrolytic enzymes is observed in tissues of the liver, kidneys, heart and spleen: a rise in total activity (of arylsulphatase in the liver and acid catepsins in the spleen; hyaluronidase in the kidneys, beta-D-glucuronidase in the heart) and a change in the ratio of different forms with a simultaneous increase in the activity of free form (of hyaluronidase in the spleen, acid phosphatase in the heart and liver). Inhibition of alpha-D-glucosidase in the liver and beta-D-glucosidase in the spleen is also detected. A decrease in the activity of beta-D-glucuronidase in the spleen is pronounced in a significant decrease in the activity of each enzyme free form with no changes in the total activity.
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PMID:[Hydrolytic enzymes of rat tissues with adjuvant arthritis]. 72 90

The effect of 8-hydroxyquinoline, a rapid inhibitor of RNA synthesis, was followed on the activity of a number of enzymes in cultures of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Two types of effect were found. In the first the activity continued to rise for a period and then remained constant. This occurred with alkaline phosphatase, basal and derepressed acid phosphatase, hexokinase, and derepressed sucrase and maltase at low cell density. It is consistent with control being exercised by an unstable mRNA or by an unstable stimulator of translocation. In the second the activity increased above the control values for several hours. This occurred with basal sucrase and maltase, and suggests a stable mRNA and an unstable inhibitor of translation. The extent of 'superproduction' of sucrase varied with cell density and with growth medium and this may be due to differences in the degree of translational inhibition. The possiblilty of a stable mRNA has interesting implications for the control of enzyme synthesis through the cell cycle.
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PMID:The effect of 8-hydroxyquinoline on enzyme synthesis in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 81 99

The activity of some intestinal enzymes has been studied after 2 kR irradiation. Brush border enzymes, maltase and leucineaminopeptidase (LAP) show an increase 20 hours after irradiation, while after 72 hours their activities are reduced to very low levels. Lysosomal enzymes show a completely different behaviour: acid phosphatase activity increases only 72 hours after irradiation, whereas beta glucuronidase increases significantly after 20 hours and reaches values two or three times higher than controls after 72 hours. The histologic picture at the first interval after irradiation shows gross alterations in the crypt region, but the villi appear nearly normal. Seventy-two hours after irradiation the whole epithelium is affected and very numerous leukocytes are present in the stroma.
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PMID:Intestinal enzyme distribution after supralethal irradiation. 89 13


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