Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase)
 4,237 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The influence of glucocorticoid administration and limited nursing on piglet carbohydrase enzyme development and subsequent growth was examined in three experiments using 371 piglets. Treatments in the first two experiments were formed by the factorial arrangement of hydrocortisone (-HYD or +HYD) and limited nursing (-LN or +LN) imposed form d 14 to weaning (d 28). Hydrocortisone was replaced by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in the third experiment. Growth rates were severely depressed by HYD (P less than .01), LN (P less than .001) and to a lesser extent (P less than .06) by ACTH during the last 2 wk of lactation. During the first 14 d postweaning, piglets continued to grow more slowly following HYD treatment (P less than .01), whereas LN piglets grew more rapidly than those allowed to suckle normally. Although piglets were smaller at weaning after HYD injection (P less than .01), relative weights of liver, pancreas and small intestine were increased (P less than .05). Only adrenal weights were increased by ACTH (P less than .09). Pancreatic and intestinal amylase activities were increased two- to three-fold by HYD injection (P less than .05) but were unaffected by ACTH or LN (P greater than .10). Sucrase and maltase activity increased linearly with age (P less than .001). This rate of increase was numerically enhanced by glucocorticoid treatment and LN. The normal decrease in lactase activity was accelerated by LN and HYD injection, with the greatest depression caused by the combination of LN and either HYD or ACTH administration (P less than .05). Glucocorticoid administration to nursing piglets can evoke premature elevation of the carbohydrase enzymes necessary for initiating the hydrolysis of starch.
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PMID:Effect of glucocorticoids and limiting nursing on the carbohydrate digestive capacity and growth rate of piglets. 255 55

Two experiments were conducted that demonstrated that a single injection of hydrocortisone 21-acetate (HYD, 25 mg/kg BW) administered to 6-d-old nursing piglets resulted in a twofold elevation (P less than .02) of pancreatic amylase within 2 d; activity was unaffected by an injection of 15 IU adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)/kg BW (P greater than .20). Intestinal sucrase and maltase activity tended to be elevated (P less than .20) 2 and 4 d postinjection with HYD but returned to normal (uninjected) levels by 14 d of age. The normal decline of intestinal lactase activity was delayed by at least 4 d in response to both hormones (P less than .10). Organ weights were not affected by either hormone. In a separate experiment, postweaning mortality was reduced (12 vs 27%) and growth rate was substantially improved by administration of HYD to piglets 4 and 2 d prior to weaning at 14 d of age. Hydrocortisone resulted in a faster rate of gain the 1st wk postweaning for pigs weaned at 21 or 28 d. Subsequent gain by control and HYD piglets weaned on d 21 was similar, but HYD subsequently impaired growth rate of piglets weaned at 28 d of age. Growth rates of control and ACTH piglets were similar at each postweaning period regardless of weaning age (weaning age [lin.] x week postweaning [quad.] x treatment, P less than .07). This differential treatment response of daily gain may be due in part to effects on feed intake (weaning age [lin.] x week postweaning [lin.] x treatment, P less than .10). We conclude that a single injection of HYD to 6-d-old piglets precociously induces pancreatic amylase and that the sensitivity of piglets to HYD is age-dependent.
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PMID:Temporal changes in carbohydrate digestive capacity and growth rate of piglets in response to glucocorticoid administration and weaning age. 255 57

The development of hydrolase activity in the intestinal brush border membrane is important for the maturation of digestive function in early life. The development and glucocorticoid control of intestinal enzymes were investigated in the mink (Mustela vison), a carnivorous species, in which the intestine matures relatively late in postnatal life. Mink kits (n = 110 from 20 litters) were either not treated or injected intramuscularly for 7 d with saline, adrenocorticotropic hormone [ACTH, 50 micrograms/(kg.d)] or cortisol 21-acetate [synthetic glucocorticoid, 50 mg/(kg.d)]. The kits were killed at 2, 4, 6, 8 or 10 wk of age and the proximal, middle and distal intestine removed for analyses. Lactase activity was maximal at 4 wk and decreased to about 5% of this level during the following 2 wk. Cortisol treatment stimulated total lactase activity at 2 wk (170% that of controls, P < 0.05) and reduced this activity at 4 wk (20% that of controls, P < 0.001). Aminopeptidases N and A underwent their major developmental increases in activity at 4-6 wk and again, enzyme development was stimulated by cortisol. Other enzymes showed either a gradual increase (maltase), a slight decrease (dipeptidylpeptidase IV) or no consistent change (sucrase) in activity with advancing age from 2 to 10 wk, but the activities remained highest in cortisol-treated kits. Treatment with ACTH enhanced the activity of all enzymes at 2 wk but had little effect thereafter. Intestinal hydrolases develop later in the mink and are sensitive to glucocorticoid induction for a longer period in postnatal life than in species such as rats, pigs or humans. The mink is a useful model in studies of the regulatory mechanisms which influence the development of intestinal brush border hydrolases.
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PMID:Intestinal hydrolytic activity in young mink (Mustela vison) develops slowly postnatally and exhibits late sensitivity to glucocorticoids. 881 92