Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase)
 4,237 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An experimental model of congenital intestinal obstruction (CIO) was created in rats by means of fetal intrauterine surgery between the 16th and 20th days of gestation. By the use of a microsurgical technique areas at the mid-jejunum or the jejuno-ileal junction were infarcted by coagulation of mesenteric vessels. Gestation was terminated by Cesarean section within 24 hours before expected term to avoid cannibalism. The structure of the intestinal mucosal cells proximal and distal to the CIO at the light microscopy as well as the ultrastructure level was not changed indicating that the surgical method was successful. The activities of the brush border enzymes, maltase and lactase were significantly reduced distal to the obstruction as compared to controls. Proximal to the obstruction lactase was the only enzyme showing reduced activity in comparison to controls. These findings were not dependent on the localization of the obstruction or when it was performed and suggest that CIO causes selective changes of the biochemical properties of the cell membrane. The results are in agreement with the findings of disaccharidase activities in biopsies taken from human infants with CIO and point to the importance of a normal intestinal passage for the development of brush border enzymes.
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PMID:Experimental intestinal obstruction in rats. Studies on structure and disaccharidase activities. 185 16

Functional intestinal mucosa, termed neomucosa, will grow in patched intestinal defects, but intestinal patching does not result in significantly increased intestinal surface area. Our aim was to determine if neomucosal growth would occur longitudinally in serosa-lined tunnels and to evaluate the optimal type of tunnel construction. Thirty rabbits had serosa-lined intestinal tunnels 1.5 cm in diameter and 5 cm in length interposed in the ileum. Group I (n = 5) had the tunnel formed from adjacent colon segments. Group II (n = 15) had a similar tunnel created with placement of an intraluminal latex stent. Group III (n = 5) had the tunnel formed by imbricating the cecum. Group IV (n = 5) had the tunnel formed by imbrication plus the intraluminal stent. Only Group II animals survived beyond 7 days (12 of 15 vs 0 of 5, P less than 0.05) and were sacrificed at 1 week (n = 3), 2 weeks (n = 3), 3 weeks (n = 2), 4 weeks (n = 2), and 6 weeks (n = 2). All other animals died from intestinal obstruction or peritonitis. Neomucosal growth occurred from proximal and distal margins. Forty percent of the tunnel was epithelialized at 6 weeks and the 5 cm tunnel contracted to 3 cm. In vitro glucose uptake was similar in neomucosa and normal mucosa but disaccharidase activity (sucrase and maltase) was significantly less in neomucosa at 6 weeks (28 +/- 35 vs 84 +/- 12 and 72 +/- 51 vs 471 +/- 84, P less than 0.05). Although not clinically obstructed, the survivors lost 15% body weight and proximal intestinal diameter increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Neomucosal growth in serosa lined intestinal tunnels. 235 86

Mesenteric vascular occlusion and intestinal obstruction are difficult-to-diagnose medical emergencies. We evaluated a large panel of biochemical markers as diagnostic and prognostic indicators in a rat model of intestinal infarction and partial, complete, and strangulated intestinal obstruction. After intestinal infarction and obstruction, laboratory data are distinctly abnormal. Serum urea nitrogen dramatically increased in all groups, but most rapidly in the groups with infarction and strangulated obstruction. Inorganic phosphorus proved to be a sensitive indicator of infarction, but less so for any form of obstruction. While all members in the infarct group demonstrated significant increases in the aminotransferases, creatine kinase, and alkaline phosphatase, such increases in the groups with obstruction were less pronounced. Serum maltase assays revealed decreasing activities in all members of the groups with complete and strangulated obstruction, but in only 17% of the rats with partial obstruction. Serum maltase activity increased from abnormally low values after surgery to abnormally high values in the six animals that recovered from partial intestinal obstruction. The proportion of hexosaminidase A (of total beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase, EC 3.2.1.30) was generally abnormal in rats with complete and strangulated obstruction.
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PMID:Acute intestinal infarction or obstruction: search for better laboratory tests in an animal model. 296 10

The results of studies on disaccharidase activities and on intestinal absorption in cases of complete and incomplete congenital small bowel obstruction are presented. Assays of the activities of maltase, isomaltase, sucrase, trehalase, and lactase have been performed on biopsy specimens taken at the time of surgery. In specimens taken from above the site of obstruction, the activities are reduced for all disaccharidases, and are particularly low for trehalase and lactase. There was no difference between the cases with complete and incomplete obstruction. Distal to a complete obstruction, trehalase and lactase were reduced, whereas in cases of incomplete obstruction, the activities of all disaccharidases were within what is considered normal in the reference material. Two months after surgery, the disaccharidase activities were found to be normal. One month after surgery, the absorption of glucose and vitamin A was markedly impaired in cases with complete obstruction, whereas that of D-xylose was not significantly reduced from normal. In cases with incomplete obstruction, the results did not differ from those found in normal infants. The fact that failure to thrive is common during the first months after birth in patients with congenital intestinal atresia, even when surgery is successful, may be explained by deficient intestinal absorption, particularly in patients with complete obstruction.
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PMID:Disaccharidase activities and intestinal absorption in infants with congenital intestinal obstruction. 312 31

Small bowel neomucosa has been grown on a variety of surfaces. The purpose of this study was to compare the rate of growth and function of neomucosa on colon serosa (CS) and abdominal wall muscle (AM) in New Zealand white rabbits. The terminal ileum was incised for 5 cm and patched with either adjacent CS (23 animals) or AM (19 animals) to create a 2 X 5-cm defect. Gross and histologic examinations of the specimens at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks revealed that the rate of growth was similar in both groups. There was minimal lateral ingrowth at 2 weeks, nearly complete coverage of the defects at 4 weeks, and complete coverage of the defect at 8 weeks in more than 85% of animals with mature villi and muscularis mucosae. The ileal diameter at the site of patching increased in both groups from 11.9 +/- 2.6 to 16.3 +/- 3.2 mm in the CS group and 11.3 +/- 2.5 to 15.1 +/- 1.8 mm in the AM group (P less than 0.01). Glucose uptake was similar in both groups being 65.4 +/- 24.1% of control in the CS group and 73.9 +/- 29.8% in the AM group. Brush border enzyme activity of sucrase, maltase, and lactase was similar to controls in the AM group but in the CS group activity of sucrase and maltase were significantly less than controls (P less than 0.01). Average body weight was increased postoperatively in both groups. There was one anastomotic leak in each group and two cases of partial intestinal obstruction in the abdominal wall group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Comparison of techniques for growing small bowel neomucosa. 623 14