Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase)
 4,237 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intestinal metaplasia is often associated with human gastric carcinoma. Intestinalization seems to be a typical example of abnormal differentiation and is possibly a precancerous state. For investigation of intestinal metaplasia, a method for visualizing disaccharidases using Tes-Tape was developed; this method was applied to many specimens of stomach surgically removed for the treatment of gastric carcinoma. More than 130 specimens of human stomach were investigated. Intestinalization was classified into types I and II intestinal metaplasia. In type I intestinal metaplasia, sucrase, maltase, trehalase, alkaline phosphatase, goblet cells, and Paneth cells were present; while the type II intestinal metaplasia, sucrase and maltase were present but alkaline phosphatase and trehalase were absent. In type II, goblet cells were present but not Paneth cells. The histochemical technique for sucrase was newly devised. Some of the villi with goblet cells in the area of intestinalization in the stomach were not stained by sucrase activity, although most of the villi were stained. The presence of a third type of metaplasia was suggested. Purified sucrases obtained from the intestine and one case of type I intestinal metaplasia showed blood group reactivity due to the oligosaccharide side chain. However, purified sucrases obtained from two cases of type II intestinal metaplasia were negative in blood group reactivity. A close relation between distribution of alpha-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen in gastric carcinoma and that in surrounding intestinal metaplasia is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Precancerous changes in the stomach. 5 22

Expression of brush border hydrolases can reflect the state of differentiation of an epithelium. To determine if expression of these enzymes is disordered in patients with neoplastic or hyperplastic lesions, the activities of alkaline phosphatase, maltase, and dipeptidyl peptidase IV were measured spectrophotometrically in colonoscopic biopsies from the proximal and distal colon and rectum in 50 controls, 17 patients with large bowel adenomas, 29 with carcinoma, and 9 with hyperplastic polyps. In normal controls, a descending cecorectal gradient of alkaline phosphatase activities and an ascending gradient of maltase activities were seen (P < 0.001). Though regional patterns of expression were generally preserved in disease groups, there were significant differences of activities across patient groups for alkaline phosphatase (greater in cancer, adenoma, and hyperplastic groups than in normals; P < 0.05) and for dipeptidyl peptidase IV (greater in hyperplastic polyp group than normals, greater in adenoma than cancer group; P < 0.05). Compared with normal controls, abnormalities of site-specific activities were confined to the rectum in patients with adenoma (maltase decreased, P = 0.02; dipeptidyl peptidase IV increased, P < 0.01) or with carcinoma (alkaline phosphatase increased, P = 0.03) but dipeptidyl peptidase IV activities were increased in all regions in bowels bearing hyperplastic polyps (P < 0.01). These data suggest that neoplastic and hyperplastic lesions, while focal in nature, occur in large bowel epithelium, which is diffusely abnormal in terms of its expression of these enzymes.
 ...
PMID:Neoplasia and hyperplasia of large bowel: focal lesions in an abnormal epithelium. 135 42

We describe a new and unique gastric carcinoma cell line (LIM1839) derived from a young Caucasian male with rapidly progressing disease. The cell line grows with a pleomorphic morphology and has been in continuous culture for more than 3 years. The cells cannot be cloned in semi-solid agar or grown in nude mice despite numerous attempts. The karyotype of the cultured cells is highly abnormal with a large number of structural and numerical changes. Some chromosomes are dicentric and this feature has persisted in this culture. The cells express one of the small-intestinal dipeptidases, aminopeptidase N, but do not express dipeptidyl peptidase IV or the disaccharidases, sucrase isomaltase or maltase glucoamylase. The cells express high levels of EGF receptors and of messenger RNA for insulin-like growth factor II.
 ...
PMID:A new gastric carcinoma cell line (LIM1839) derived from a young Caucasian male. 260 77

1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-isobutyl-3-(beta-maltosyl)-1-nitrosourea (TA-077) was hydrolyzed to its glucosyl metabolite TA-G by homogenates of guinea pig organs, rabbit VX-2 carcinoma and rat Yoshida sarcoma. The rate of TA-G formation by the kidney was the highest among the tissues examined and that by the diluted blood was undetectably low, reflecting their maltase activities. TA-077 was also hydrolyzed by suspensions of Yoshida sarcoma, AH130 hepatoma, L1210 leukemia, P388 leukemia and DBLA-10/C leukemia cells. The rate of TA-G formation was increased 10 fold by homogenizing the tumor cells. TA-G was taken up by the tumor cells much more efficiently than TA-077, explaining the higher sensitivities of the cultured tumor cells to TA-G than to TA-077. However, neither the maltase activity nor the membrane permeability to the drugs was a factor influential enough to explain the differences in drug sensitivity among the tumor cell lines.
 ...
PMID:Pharmacokinetic studies on 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-isobutyl-3-(beta-maltosyl)-1-nitrosourea (TA-077). II. Hydrolysis by tissue homogenates and drug uptake by tumor cells in vitro. 332 28

A series of mucosal enzymes were estimated by analysis of homogenized biopsy specimens from the lower duodenal flexure, obtained from 10 large-bowel carcinoma patients, 15 patients with morbid obesity, and 15 controls. In 11 subjects the distribution along the upper small intestine was determined. The activities of the brush border enzymes lactase (p less than 0.01), neutral-alpha-glucosidase (p less than 0.01), and alkaline phosphatase (p less than 0.05) were significantly lower in the large-bowel carcinoma patients than in the controls. In obese subjects significantly lower activities (p less than 0.05) were demonstrated for the basolateral membrane enzyme 5'-nucleotidase and the lysosomal enzymes N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and acid beta-glucuronidase, when compared with those in controls. Compared with the enzyme levels of the duodenal bulb, significantly higher activities of a series of enzymes were demonstrated at both the lower duodenal flexure and the angle of Treitz.
 ...
PMID:Influence of remote cancer and obesity on, and distribution of mucosal enzymes in, the upper small intestine. 377 58

In 10 female patients with carcinoma the effect of a single dose of 5-fluorouracil on morphologic alterations of the small bowel mucosa, intestinal disaccharidase-activities and lactose-tolerance-test was studied pre- and 96 hours posttherapy. After having given a standard dose of 1,25-1,50 gr 5-fluorouracil intravenously ( = 22 mg per kilo body weight) histologic changes of the small bowel mucosa (slight edema and shortening of the villi) were noted only in 4 cases. In the other cases the small intestine showed no morphological alterations of the mucosa. In all patients the lactose-tolerance-test after therapy with 5-fluorouracil was not affected. Following the administration of 5-fluorouracil no reduction of intestinal disaccharidase activities (maltase, saccharase, lactase) was observed. As a consequence of our results we suppose, that a patient given a single dose of 5-fluorouracil intravenously needs no specific diet without milk or milk-products.
 ...
PMID:[Anatomical and functional changes of the human small intestine induced by 5-fluorouracil (author's transl)]. 746 19

The way in which the human epididymis modifies spermatozoa during their sojourn in this structure might be clarified by knowledge of the nature of its secretions. We have examined the presence of several lysosomal hydrolases in human epididymal tissue and fluids, and their synthesis and secretion by monolayer cultures. Tissues were obtained from men undergoing orchidectomy for prostatic carcinoma. The enzymes cathepsin D and acid alpha-glucosidase were localised in the lysosomes of epithelial cells from the corpus epididymidis, by an immunocytochemical technique. Cathepsin D was also found in epithelial cells of the efferent ducts within lysosomes, apical vesicles and multivesicular bodies. No immunolocalisation of acid glucosidase in the efferent ducts or on the microvilli of the corpus was demonstrable. Cathepsin D, beta-hexosaminidase (N-acetylglucosaminidase) and alpha-glucosidase were measurable in the luminal fluid from the human corpus epididymidis; beta-hexosaminidase was secreted into the culture medium by confluent monolayers of epididymal and efferent duct cells. Immunoprecipitation of cell extracts and culture medium of these cultures incubated with 35S-methionine revealed that the precursors of cathepsin D and beta-hexosaminidase were synthesized and secreted by such monolayers. Thus, active lytic enzymes are secreted by the human epididymis and could modify sperm membranes.
 ...
PMID:Immunocytochemical localisation of some lysosomal hydrolases, their presence in luminal fluid and their directional secretion by human epididymal cells in culture. 778 Oct 38

Uridine diphosphoglucose (UDPG) is a precursor of uridine that can be used as a rescuing agent from 5-fluorouracil (5FU) toxicity. Four doses of UDPG (2000 mg/kg i.p. or p.o. at 2, 6, 24, and 30 h after 5FU bolus) allowed the escalation of a weekly bolus of 5FU from 100 mg/kg (5FU100) to 150 mg/kg (5FU150) in healthy and tumor-bearing BALB/c, C57/BI, and CD8F1 (BALB/c x DBA/8) mice. 5FU150 without rescuing agents is not tolerated by the animals. When followed by UDPG, on the contrary, it is possible to increase the dose of 5FU even when it is modulated by leucovorin. Toxicity was the same for 5FU100 and 5FU150 + UDPG, and the nadir values (expressed as a percentage of pretreatment values) were 83 and 85% for weight, 45 and 45% for hematocrit, and 45 and 61% for leukocytes, respectively. Platelets were not affected by treatment. A protective effect was also shown for the gastrointestinal tract. The enzymes thymidine kinase, maltase, and sucrase were measured in the intestinal mucosa at different times after 5FU treatment with or without UDPG rescue. Even if the nadir values in enzyme activities were similar in mice receiving or not receiving UDPG, the pattern of recovery showed that cell repopulation was more rapid in the group treated with UDPG. 5FU150 + UDPG had enhanced antitumor activity against CD8F1 mammary carcinoma and against the resistant tumor Colon 26 (tumor doubling time 1.9 days for controls, 8.5 days for 5FU100, 13.7 days for 5FU150 + UDPG, and 15.9 days for 5FU150 + leucovorin + UDPG). We demonstrated that UDPG administered at 2, 24, and 30 h after 5FU100 does not reduce the antitumor activity of 5FU in two sensitive tumors (Colon 38 and Colon 26-10). In conclusion, UDPG is a promising rescuing agent for 5FU; it reduces the toxic side effects and increases the therapeutic index.
 ...
PMID:Modulation of 5-fluorouracil in mice using uridine diphosphoglucose. 981 88

The dynamics of glycosidase secretion was evaluated in human epididymal cell culture. Epithelial cells from caput, corpus, and cauda epididymis were isolated from tissue obtained from patients undergoing therapeutic orchidectomy due to prostatic carcinoma. The activities of alpha-glucosidase, N-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase, and alpha-mannosidase were analyzed in conditioned culture media. Glycosidase activity was significantly higher in corpus and/or cauda than in caput epididymis. There was a time-dependent increase in enzyme activities that was maximal between 10 and 14 days of culture in all epididymal regions. Epididymal glycosidases are secreted by cultured epithelial cell from human epididymis with an increase toward the distal regions of this organ, which may be related to the dynamics of sperm maturation. Cultures from different epididymal regions may represent a valuable tool to study of human epididymal function.
 ...
PMID:Secretion of glycosidases in human epididymal cell cultures. 1095 1

A straight, non-sporulating, Gram-variable bacillus (HKU24(T)) was recovered from the blood culture of a patient with metastatic breast carcinoma. After repeated subculturing in BACTEC Plus Anaerobic/F blood culture broth, HKU24(T) grew on brucella agar as non-hemolytic, pinpoint colonies after 96 h of incubation at 37 degrees C in an anaerobic environment and aerobic environment with 5% CO2. Growth was enhanced with a streak of Staphylococcus aureus. HKU24(T) was non-motile and catalase-negative, but positive for alkaline phosphatase, beta-glucosidase, and alpha-glucosidase. It hydrolyzed phenylphosphonate and reduced resazurin. 16S rRNA, groEL, gyrB, recA, and rpoB sequencing showed that HKU24(T) occupies a distinct phylogenetic position among the Leptotrichia species, being most closely related to Leptotrichia trevisanii. Using HKU24(T) groEL, gyrB, recA, and rpoB gene-specific primers, fragments of these genes were amplified from one of 20 oral specimens. Based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, we propose a new species, Leptotrichia hongkongensis sp. nov., to describe this bacterium.
 ...
PMID:Leptotrichia hongkongensis sp. nov., a novel Leptotrichia species with the oral cavity as its natural reservoir. 2050 69


1 2 Next >>