Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Normal and metaplastic gastrointestinal mucosa obtained at surgical resection were studied by light microscopy, using the unlabelled antibody enzyme method for immunohistochemical staining of lysozyme, pancreatic endoproteases, and pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI). Paneth cells in the mucosa of normal small intestine, gastric mucosa with intestinal metaplasia, and colonic metaplastic mucosa were found to contain anionic trypsin, cationic trypsin, lysozyme, and PSTI immunoreactivity, but not chymotrypsin and elastase immunoreactivity. Normal gastric and colonic mucosa and some goblet cells in the small intestine showed positive PSTI immunoreactivity but no endoprotease immunoreactivity. The presence of immunoreactive trypsin and immunoreactive PSTI in the Paneth cells, which are of secretory type, probably indicates an important extrapancreatic source of these proteins rather than a storage of endocytosed material.
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PMID:Pancreatic endoproteases and pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor immunoreactivity in human Paneth cells. 352 12

The relation of lymphoma cells to gliomesenchymal stroma within nervous tissue was studied by peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunostaining of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded surgical specimens for fibronectin (FN), factor VIII-related antigen and glial fibrillary acidic protein in 17 malignant non-Hodgkin lymphomas of the brain. For comparison, 9 non-Hodgkin lymphomas, 6 Hodgkin lymphomas, and 19 plasmacytomas of the spinal or cranial epidural spaces were studied with the same methods. Lymphoma cells were consistently negative for all markers. All lymphomas of the brain showed conspicuous concentric perivascular circles of immunoreactivity for FN in parts infiltrating brain tissue. Such structures are considered to derive from splitting of basal laminae of preexisting brain vessels; they were not seen in tumors of the epidural space. Cells with conspicuous FN content were found in brain as well as in epidural lymphomas. A monohistiocytic origin of those cells was confirmed by presence of monohistiocytic markers lysozyme and alpha-1-anti-chymotrypsin. Thus, additional immunostaining for FN seems to be useful for detecting monohistiocytes/macrophages in brain tumors.
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PMID:Development of stroma in malignant lymphomas of the brain compared with epidural lymphomas. An immunohistochemical study. 353 55

Acute megakaryocytic leukemia is a rare form of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia that occurs with increased frequency in patients with Down's syndrome. Herein, we report a child with Down's syndrome who presented with a large retroperitoneal mass due to acute megakaryocytic leukemia. Immunohistochemical stains of the tumor cells also demonstrated evidence of myeloid/monocytic differentiation, with positivity for alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1-chymotrypsin, and lysozyme. The significance of this phenotypic heterogeneity is unclear and awaits further studies of similar cases.
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PMID:Acute megakaryocytic leukemia with myeloid/monocytic differentiation. 367 84

Tryptophan pyrrolooxygenase from wheat germ was separated into three molecular forms by microgranular DEAE-cellulose using a stepwise or a linear gradient elution procedure. In the first case molecular forms A and B were eluted with 10 mM Tris/HCl buffer (pH 7.4) and molecular form C was eluted with 50 mM KCl in the same buffer. The same separation could also be achieved with a linear KCl gradient (0-100 mM) in 10 mM Tris/HCl buffer (pH 7.4). The three molecular forms of tryptophan pyrrolooxygenase oxidized L-, D-, DL-Trp as well as many Trp derivatives with formation of N-formylkynurenyl derivatives. They also efficiently oxidized Trp-Phe, Trp-Tyr, Trp-Ala, Ala-Trp, Trp-Gly, Gly-Trp, Trp-Leu, Leu-Trp, Pro-Trp and Val-Trp, although the dipeptides were oxidized at different rates by the three molecular forms. A number of tryptophyl-containing tetra-, penta-, octa-, nona- and decapeptides were also oxidized. The oligopeptides which were known to have a helical conformation were better substrates than the smaller oligopeptides which were devoid of the conformational factor. The three molecular forms of tryptophan pyrrolooxygenase oxidized the tryptophyl residues of lysozyme, pepsin, chymotrypsin, trypsin and bovine serum albumin. It was found that molecular form A oxidized the more exposed (or hydrophilic) Trp residues of the proteins, while molecular form C also oxidized the Trp residues of a more hydrophobic nature. The three molecular forms were inhibited by chelating agents (alpha, alpha'-dipyridyl, EDTA and omicron-phenanthroline), although they differed in their sensitivities to these agents. Their optimum temperatures and inactivation rates at 65 degrees C was also different.
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PMID:Separation of tryptophan pyrrolooxygenase into three molecular forms. A study of their substrate specificities using tryptophyl-containing peptides and proteins. 369 18

Complexes of bilirubin with chymotrypsin, lysozyme and apomyoglobin in neutral aqueous solution are characterized by circular dichroism spectra in the visible region. These are analogous to previously investigated bilirubin-serum albumin complexes. Ferriprotoporphyrin IX displaces bilirubin from its apomyoglobin complex.
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PMID:Complexes of bilirubin with proteins. 377 41

The amount of streptolysin S produced by resting streptococci was considerably increased after incubation of the washed bacteria with trypsin or pronase. Production of both cell-bound and free forms of the toxin was enhanced by the protease treatment. By addition of trypsin, streptolysin S yield was considerably increased in growing culture as well. Treatment with lysozyme was ineffective, and the toxin production was only slightly promoted by preincubation with hyaluronidase or chymotrypsin. In contrast, pretreatment with chymotrypsin caused increased production of an extracellular nuclease, whereas the yield of this enzyme was reduced after incubation of the cocci with pronase. Evidence was obtained indicating de novo synthesis of the exotoxin in the protease-treated bacteria.
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PMID:Enhanced production of cell-bound and extracellular streptolysin S by hemolytic streptococci pretreated with proteases. 389 Mar 97

This paper reports on the concentration of total protein, reducing sugar, and various enzymes in uterine flushings obtained from 17 mature, regularly cyclic baboons and stored at -10 degrees C until required. It was found that the levels of total protein and reducing sugar was high at both the early proliferative and late secretory stages of the menstru al cycle and fell to their lowest levels in the early secretory phase. When an IUD was in situ, higher levels of these 2 constituents occurred. Of the enzymes measured in the early secretory phase, only hemoglobinase was significantly elevated in the presence of an IUD. Trypsin, chymotrypsin, lysozyme, amylase, and phosphatase were usually detectable in the flushes, but none was significantly altered by the device. The possible biologic implications of these findings are discussed.
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PMID:Studies on uterine flushings in the baboon. II. The effect of an intrauterine contraceptive device on certain biochemical parameters. 435 88

Trypsin- and chymotrypsin-treated delipidated cell walls of Mycobacterium smegmatis were digested overnight with lysozyme. The water-soluble products thus obtained were filtered on a column of Sephadex G-50; the first peak, excluded from the column, has immunological adjuvant activity. The material of the excluded peak is obtained after lyophilization as a snow-white, fluffy material, soluble in water and insoluble in organic solvents. It behaves as a slightly polydisperse macromolecule in an ultracentrifuge, with an approximate molecular weight of 20,000. All the constituents of this material are typical bacterial cell-wall constituents; thus, the water-soluble adjuvant is considered to be an "oligomer" of the cell wall. When added to Freund's incomplete adjuvant with an antigen (e.g., ovalbumin) and injected into hind-foot pads of guinea pigs, this water-soluble adjuvant increases the amount of precipitating antibodies and induces hypersensitivity to ovalbumin and the biosynthesis of gamma(2)-type precipitating antibodies. The water-soluble material has a stronger adjuvant activity than equal amounts of whole bacteria, cell walls, or wax D, and seems to be the first well-defined, water-soluble, adjuvant-active fraction isolated from Mycobacteria.
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PMID:Isolation and properties of a macromolecular, water-soluble, immuno-adjuvant fraction from the cell wall of Mycobacterium smegmatis. 450 37

1. With the aid of a coupled system involving glutathione reductase, the reaction of glutathione with the disulphide bonds of purified proteins has been studied. 2. Bovine serum albumin, conalbumin, lysozyme, trypsin inhibitors from egg white, lima bean and soya bean either did not react with glutathione or reacted only slightly. With these proteins reactivity was markedly increased by limited proteolysis. 3. Bovine and human gamma-globulins, fibrinogen and beta-lactoglobulin exhibited some reactivity (less than 15%) with glutathione and again this was increased by limited proteolysis. Pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin exhibited greater reactivity than the proteins previously mentioned. Di-isopropylphosphoryl-chymotrypsin exhibited less reactivity than chymotrypsin, suggesting that autolysis under the experimental conditions used contributed towards the reactivity of this protein. Proteolysis also increased the reactivity of these proteins. The three disulphide bonds of insulin were reduced by glutathione. 4. Above 35 degrees the disulphide bonds of serum albumin show a progressive increase in reactivity and at 55 degrees half of the bonds become accessible to glutathione. 5. From the results obtained with the proteins investigated, the conclusion reached is that the disulphide bonds of native proteins are structurally protected and do not react with glutathione under physiological conditions.
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PMID:The reactivity of the disulphide bonds of purified proteins in relationship to primary structure. 486 Apr 70

Satisfactory Raman spectra of crystalline lysozyme, pepsin, and alpha chymotrypsin were obtained with laser excitation. The spectra are very similar to each other, but show enough minor differences to make this a useful method of identification. The readily identified bands assignable to specific groupings are noted.
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PMID:Raman spectra of crystalline lysozyme, pepsin, and alpha chymotrypsin. 487 94


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