Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum beta 2 microglobulin levels, measured by radioimmunoassay (Phadebas test), were found increased in acute myeloid leukemias at diagnosis. Serum beta 2 microglobulin levels were significantly higher in patients with monocytic leukemias (13 patients, M4-M5 FAB classification) than in those with other cytological types (18 patients). Beta 2 microglobulin levels at diagnosis were correlated with serum lysozyme levels, but they were not correlated with blood blast counts, serum LDH and ferritin levels. 195 serum beta 2 microglobulin measurements were made serially in 30 patients with acute myeloid leukemias in first remission. Compared to values at diagnosis, beta 2 microglobulin levels in remission were significantly decreased. Out of 30 patients in remission 12 had increased serum beta 2 microglobulin levels (greater than 3 mg/l). Serial measurements were not predictive for relapses.
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PMID:Serum beta 2 microglobulin in adult myeloid acute leukemias. 637 Mar 39

Surface marker analysis with rosette tests and a large panel of xenoantisera and monoclonal antibodies was done on the malignant cells of 55 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The diagnosis was made on morphological and cytochemical grounds, and the leukemias were classified according to the quantified FAB criteria. The marker tests included the E- and EA-rosette test, immunofluorescence with rabbit-polyclonal antisera against human Ig, kappa, and lambda light chains, thymocytes, granulocytes, erythrocytes, platelets, lysozyme, (leukemic) myeloblasts, the common ALL antigen, SB cell-line cells (anti-Ia), and a mouse anti-Ia serum. The monoclonal mouse antibodies applied were anti-T-cell antibody (3A1), two anti-granulocyte-monocyte antibodies (OKM1 and B2.12), four antigranulocyte antibodies (MI/N1, UJ 308, B4.3, and B13.9), an antiplatelet antibody (C17.28), anti-HLA heavy chains (w6/32.HLK), anti-Ia antigen (OKI1), and OKT10. AML cells from many patients lacked the expression of myeloid markers, and we found that a correlation existed between the relative maturity of the leukemia subtype and the extent of positivity for these markers. Surface marker analysis discriminated poorly between the "myeloid" and "monocytoid" subtypes; OKT10 and the "T-cell marker" 3A1 were often expressed on AML cells. In two cases of AML, there was an unexpected expression of platelet antigens with the monoclonal antiplatelet antibody. One of them, classified as M1, was ultrastructurally a megakaryoblastic proliferation with a positive reaction for platelet peroxidase. Only with the help of computerized analysis, was it possible to prove a clear correlation between the surface marker profile and the FAB classification.
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PMID:A comparison of surface marker analysis and FAB classification in acute myeloid leukemia. 657 76

Thirty-five patients who fulfilled the FAB diagnosis criteria of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), i.e., myelodysplastic features, monocytosis over 10(9)/liter, bone marrow monocyte infiltration, blast cells less than 5% in the peripheral blood and less than 30% in the bone marrow, are analyzed. CMML appears as an entity distinct from myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative disorders. Splenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis with monocytes and granulocytic cells in all stages of development, increased blood and urine lysozyme levels without renal failure, and polyclonal hyperimmunoglobulinemia are its main clinical and biologic features. With conventional cytotoxic drugs (6-mercaptopurine, hydroxyurea), the prognosis of CMML appears poor (median survival 475 days). None of the clinical hematologic or biologic parameters tested had a significant effect on prognosis. As other chemotherapy trials seemed necessary, we recently administered small doses of cytosine-arabinoside (ARA-C) to six patients over several consecutive days and obtained a complete remission in four. These preliminary results must be confirmed by larger series using the diagnostic criteria proposed by the FAB cooperative group.
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PMID:Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia according to FAB classification: analysis of 35 cases. 658 39

Seventy-four cases of pure acute monoblastic leukemia (AMol) have been retrospectively studied. All patients were treated at Hospital Saint-Louis between 1970 and 1978. Diagnosis was based on morphological and cytochemical features according to the FAB classification. This type of leukemia occurred at any age and in both sexes, with a high frequency of extramedullary involvements. Hyperleukocytosis was very frequent and was significantly correlated with increased blood and urine levels of lysozyme, with renal failure and hypokalemia, and with coagulation abnormalities. AMol still has a poor prognosis, despite a best remission rate (75%) obtained with rubidazone, since the duration of complete remission was short. Central nervous irradiation prolonged remission and prevented meningeal relapses, while 6 meningeal relapses occurred in the patients not irradiated. The high frequency of the extramedullary relapses, including gum and skin, emphasized the question of persistant blast cell sanctuaries after achievement of bone marrow remissions. A more intensive induction with several drugs active against monoblasts could be more efficient and prolong the duration of complete remissions.
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PMID:Acute monoblastic leukemia: a clinical and biologic study of 74 cases. 692 57

Fifteen of 73 newly diagnosed patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), admitted to Mount Sinai Hospital between July 1977 and October 1979, presented with leukocyte counts greater than 100,000/microliter. Eleven of these 15 patients with hyperleukocytosis had myelomonocytic (AMML-M4) or monocytic (AMOL-M5) leukemia compared to 15 of 58 patients with lower white cell counts (p < 0.001). Identification of type of leukemia, using the FAB classification, was based on morphology and special stains, including myeloperoxidase, Sudan black B, periodic acid-Schiff and nonspecific esterase with and without inhibition by fluoride. The proportion of patients with splenomegaly is higher in those with hyperleukocytosis (73 percent) than in those with lower white blood cell counts (p < 0.001) regardless of cell type. Leukemic infiltration of the skin, gums and central nervous system was seen exclusively in patients with AMML and AMOL. The serum lysozyme levels were significantly higher for all patients with AMML and AMOL regardless of the white blood cell count. The mean serum lysozyme for M-4, M-5 patients was 59.7 microgram/ml compared to 18.9 microgram/ml in patients with other cell types (p < 0.0001). Patients with a white blood cell count less than or equal to 100,000/microliter had a complete remission rate of 69 percent compared to 47 percent for patients with higher white blood cell counts.
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PMID:Association of monocytic leukemia in patients with extreme leukocytosis. 693 15

A systematic morphological analysis of cutaneous infiltrates in acute myelogenous leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome revealed that in many cases the infiltrating cells have a different phenotype from those in the bone marrow. This study sought to answer two questions: (a) How wide is the range of cytological features and immunoreactivity of the cutaneous infiltrates and what danger is there of misinterpretation? (b) What are the possible causes of the wide spectrum of differentiation of the cells infiltrating the skin? Skin biopsy specimens from 16 patients with myelogenous leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome were investigated. The diagnosis was acute myelomonocytic leukemia (M4, according to the French-American-British/FAB system of classification of acute leukemias) in eight cases, acute monocytic leukemia (M5) in four cases, aleukemic leukemia cutis as a recurrence of M2 leukemia after treatment in one case, and myelodysplastic syndrome in three cases, including one case of myelodysplasia with an excess of bone marrow blasts (RAEB-T) and two cases of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, one of which presented as aleukemic leukemia cutis. Reactivity with the macrophage-associated antibodies anti-CD68, Ki-M1p, and anti-lysozyme was the most consistent. However, the naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase reaction and staining with DAKO-M1, Ki-My2p, anti-neutrophil elastase, and anti-CD34 were found to be of little value for identifying the cutaneous infiltrate as myelogenous. Some antibodies (e.g., anti-S100 protein and MB2) even produced staining in a few cases that could have led to a mistaken diagnosis of histiocytic neoplasm or malignant lymphoma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Skin involvement in myelogenous leukemia: morphologic and immunophenotypic heterogeneity of skin infiltrates. 754 88

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are stem cell disorders of clonal origin in which infections and leukemic transformation are quite frequent. Neutrophils from 28 patients with MDS were analysed by flow cytometry for the expression of the two complement receptors CR1 and CR3, the antigenic reactivity of some granule constituents--myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, elastase, lactoferrin--and functional activities, such as locomotion, respiratory burst and cytotoxicity. The results were correlated with the FAB disease subtypes, grouped as low risk (RA) and high risk patients (RAEB, RAEB-t, CMML) and with 30 healthy subjects. A significant reduction in the percentage of neutrophil CR1, CR3 positivity and chemotaxis induced by endotoxin-activated serum was detected in the high risk group when compared with the low risk group and healthy controls. Furthermore, the high risk group also showed a low amount of myeloperoxidase, elastase, lysozyme and superoxide anion, but both low and high risk groups displayed reduced cellular cytotoxicity in comparison with the control. This work indicates that MDS patients belonging to the more advanced FAB categories frequently show multiple abnormalities in the expression of neutrophil complement receptors, and granular components (> 3), as well as in cell functions, suggesting the possibility of using these phenotypic abnormalities in the monitoring of disease progression.
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PMID:Neutrophils from patients with myelodysplastic syndromes: relationship between impairment of granular contents, complement receptors, functional activities and disease status. 806 92

We report herein a case of extramedullary myeloid tumor arising bilaterally in the testes of a 66-year-old man, who had previously been diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome. Light microscopy of the testicular neoplasm demonstrated a tumor composed of large, slightly polygonal cells with pale blue to weakly eosinophilic cytoplasm. The tumor cells were immunoreactive for CD45, myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, CD43, and MB2. Many of the cells also expressed chloroacetate esterase. Peripheral blood and bone marrow findings were consistent with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (FAB-CMML), particularly in the most recent material, which showed clear cellular dysplasia and an increase in the percentage of blasts in the bone marrow (15% to 20% of all nucleated cells). This case of extramedullary myeloid tumor is unusual in view of the patient's age and the testicular location. It emphasizes the importance of including extramedullary myeloid tumor in the differential diagnosis of histologically undifferentiated large-cell tumors, as well as a need to use a broad panel of immunohistochemical stains in such cases.
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PMID:Testicular extramedullary myeloid cell tumor in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome. 861 53

Using a direct one-color (fluorescein isothiocyanate; FITC) staining method with a Facscan flow cytometer, we evaluated the intracellular expression of two granular constituents of myeloid cells [myeloperoxidase (MPO) and lysozyme] on leukemic cells from 21 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and 6 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Three different permeabilization techniques were used [FACS Lysing Solution (FLy), B.Dis; Ortho-PermeaFix (OPF); Fix and Perm (F&P), Caltag] prior to monoclonal antibody (McAb) staining, in order to verify the specificity and the sensitivity of the three labelling methods towards the two model antigens. Peripheral blood cells from 15 healthy subjects and Ortho Absolute Control served as controls. Data were expressed as percentage of positivity, net fluorescence intensity, ratio between mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of positive cells and that of isotypic controls (P/N ratio; evaluated in both geometric and arithmetic scale), and, in 12 representatives cases (7 AML, 5 normal samples), in the form of both molecules of equivalent soluble fluorochromes (MESF) and antibody binding capacities (ABC). As far as the antigenic expression of MPO and lysozyme in normal samples is concerned, F&P resulted, in our hands, in the most specific and sensitive staining, followed by FLy solution and OPF, which showed positivity for MPO, and, to lesser extent, for lysozyme in a considerable manner of lymphocytes (means 64% and 54%, respectively, for OPF and FLy; range of ABC/cell: 0.9-5.2 x 10(3)) obtained from healthy subjects. With the reference F&P permeabilizing solution, 90% and 80% of FAB M1-M5 cases were found to be positive for MPO and lysozyme, respectively. However, M1, M2, and M3 AML FAB (French-American-British) subvarieties were characterized by a brighter expression for MPO (mean ABC/cell: 89 x 10(3)) than that of lysozyme (mean ABC/cell: 12.5 x 10(3D)), whereas blast cells from patients with M5a FAB subtypes showed higher levels of lysozyme (mean ABC/cell: 65 x 10(3)) than that of MPO (mean ABC/cell: 0.1 x 10(3)). One of five cases of FAB MO AML showed a dull positivity for MPO-7 McAb. Patients with ALL were MPO and lysozyme negative using both F&P and FLy reagents, although a certain degree of positivity was documented in some cases with OPF. Taking these data together, it can be stated that the use of anti-MPO McAbs may be of great value for the diagnosis and monitoring of acute leukemia and, along with lysozyme McAb, can provide useful information in the distinction of myeloid from monocytic leukemias and in the lineage assignment of apparently biphenotypic forms. However, the methodology used for the detection of these myeloid-associated antigens is critical for a correct interpretation of cytofluorimetric data and should be taken into account when evaluating data coming from multicenter trials dealing with leukemias. A standardization of cytofluorimetric analysis of intracellular antigens is needed in order to improve the reproducibility and comparability of results in multicenter studies.
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PMID:Comparative analysis of different permeabilization methods for the flow cytometry measurement of cytoplasmic myeloperoxidase and lysozyme in normal and leukemic cells. 922 99

A 72 year old man was diagnosed with chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) according to the FAB group classification. He presented with symptoms of anaemia, urinary frequency, hesitancy, and nocturia. He was later admitted with acute urinary retention and acute renal failure, which resolved with treatment. A transurethral resection of the prostate was performed. Histological examination showed fibromuscular hyperplasia with dense infiltration by myelomonocytes which stained positively with chloroacetate esterase; immunohistochemical staining was positive for lysozyme, CD43, CD45, and CD68. Following treatment with oral etoposide he transformed to acute myeloid leukaemia and eventually died. Myelomonocytic infiltration of the prostate has not been reported before. This case extends the spectrum of disease previously recognised in CMML.
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PMID:Obstructive uropathy associated with myelomonocytic infiltration of the prostate. 965 53


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