Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of Schilling type pure acute monocytic leukaemia (M5 variety of the FAB classification) in a 38-year-old man is presented. The initial predominant clinical manifestation was an increase hypertrophic gingivitis. The cytological type was established according to the morphologic and cytochemical criteria currently in use. The patient was treated with daunomycin (60 mg/m2 one day) and ARA-C (100 mg/m2/12 hours for 7 days) in a 2-week interval cycles. Total remission was achieved after the fifth series. The series have been repeated over 4 years with intervals of up to 6 or 8 weeks. Complete haematologic remission has been constant, with normalization of the serum muramidase levels. A gingival biopsy taken at the same time has shown no evidence of leukaemic infiltration. The high incidence of malignancy in this cytological variety of acute leukaemia is pointed out; it is normally less sensitive to chemotherapy than the myeloid types. Remission has been total over a long period of time, which is exceptional in this type of leukaemia. The mean survival rate as recorded in the literature is only a little over 3 months.
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PMID:[Complete clinical remission over 50 months of a patient with acute monocytic leukaemia (author's transl)]. 28 62

A murine monoclonal antibody against human lysozyme (AHL MoAb) was produced and tested on normal and leukemic monocytes using flow cytometry. The antibody gave a positive reactivity on normal monocytes permeabilized by saponin (82% to 98% of positive cells) and a negative reactivity on normal permeabilized neutrophils. This monocyte-specific reactivity had not been observed using a polyclonal antibody. Nevertheless, immunoblotting detected lysozyme in both monocyte and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) lysates. The AHL MoAb, in the presence of lysozyme substrate (Micrococcus lysodeikticus cell walls), strongly inhibited the enzymatic activity. Flow cytometric analysis of leukemic cells isolated from patients suffering from different subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia (French-American-British [FAB] classification FAB M1-5) showed a highly significant positivity of FAB M5 for lysozyme compared with the other subtypes. The present results were consistent with the detection of a lysozyme epitope by AHL MoAb located near the catalytic site in monocytes. The same epitope was probably masked in PMNL granules.
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PMID:Specific detection of monocytic lysozyme within normal and leukemic cells. 173 14

A 20-year-old male developed both coccygeal and leg pain and followed by rectocystic disturbance. Disc herniation between L5 and S was suspected and laminectomy was performed. At surgery, an easily curretable tumor occupied the epidural space from L5 to the end of the sacrum. In part, the tumor spread out of the vertebral canal and invaded the surrounding muscle tissue. This muscle tissue and part of the lamina were checked histologically. Initial blood analysis revealed 5% blast-like cells, but failed to confirm them as leukemic cells. Histologically, the tumor cells had round or oval nuclei with large nucleoli and scanty cytoplasm without granulocytic differentiation. Malignant lymphoma or Ewing's sarcoma was initially suspected, but the definite diagnosis was uncertain. Immunohistochemical staining with the PAP method and enzyme histochemistry revealed that the tumor cells were positive for lysozyme and naphthol ASD chloracetate esterase. Thus, granulocytic sarcoma was finally diagnosed. Electron microscopic findings supported this diagnosis. Subsequent karyotyping of bone marrow cells revealed 8; 21 translocation, thus the final diagnosis of this patient was myelodysplastic syndrome, refractory anemia with excess blast cells in transformation or acute myelogenous leukemia, M2, by the FAB classification.
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PMID:A case of epidural granulocytic sarcoma preceding acute leukemia. 209 94

We report a case of acute monocytic leukemia with normal serum lysozyme but with immunoperoxidase positivity for lysozyme in the leukemic blasts. The diagnosis of acute monocytic leukemia was made on the basis of cellular morphology, immunocytochemistry and cytochemistry. Discrepancy between serum lysozyme and intracytoplasmic lysozyme has not previously been reported in the literature. Levels of serum lysozyme may be misleading in cases of acute monocytic leukemia (FAB classification M5).
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PMID:A case of acute monocytic leukemia with lysozyme-positive leukemic monocytes and normal serum lysozyme levels. 246 76

A 71-year old male was admitted to our hospital because of general malaise and fever. Peripheral blood showed Hb 8.1 g/dl, platelet 7.0 X 10(4)/microliters, and WBC 18.100/microliters with 64% leukemic cells. Bone marrow showed normocellularity with 73.4% leukemic cells. They were positive for peroxidase and alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase stainings. Serum and urine lysozyme levels were elevated. He was diagnosed as having acute myelomonocytic leukemia (M 4 in FAB classification). Chromosome analysis of bone marrow cells showed 45, XY, -17, t (9; 17) (q22; p13) and double minute chromosomes (DMs) were observed in the 50 cells analyzed. A complete remission (CR) was obtained by DCMP regimen, but he relapsed as acute monocytic leukemia (M 5 b in FAB classification) and died 5 months after diagnosis. DMs appear to be rare in acute leukemia and the clinical and etiologic implications of DMs are discussed.
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PMID:[Double minute chromosomes (DMs) in a case of acute myelomonocytic leukemia]. 279 99

92 patients with acute myeloid leukemia were classified according to the FAB classification (M1 n = 20, M2 n = 43, M3 n = 1, M4 n = 19, M5a n = 2, M5b n = 2, and M6 n = 5 patients). Serum measurements of lactoferrin (LF), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and lysozyme (LYS) were performed before the start of treatment. LF was significantly lower in M1 when compared with M2 but not as compared to M4, MPO was significantly higher in M2 and M4 than in M1, but comparable MPO levels were found in M2 and M4. LYS was significantly elevated in M2 in comparison with M1, and in M4 when compared to both M1 and M2. Polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMNs) in M1 were significantly reduced when compared with M2 and M4, whereas mononuclear cells were significantly increased in M4 in comparison with both M1 and M2. FAB classification did not generate any prognostic information. When the patients were, instead, subdivided according to LF levels were found prognostically significant differences. Of patients below 100 micrograms/l, 44% went into remission as compared to 77% with LF from 101 to 400 micrograms/l. In patients with LF levels above 400 micrograms/l the remission frequency was only 14%. Multivariate statistical analysis on the data further suggested that lactoferrin may be used as an independent prognostic indicator. We conclude that although determination of the serum-levels of lactoferrin, lysozyme and myeloperoxidase in certain cases may be valuable as a supplement to the morphological examination of acute myeloid leukemia, it is evident that none of the three determinations can be used alone to distinguish between the FAB groups.
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PMID:Diagnostic and prognostic significance of serum measurements of lactoferrin, lysozyme and myeloperoxidase in acute myeloid leukemia (AML): recognition of a new variant, high-lactoferrin AML. 303 71

Diagnostic features (cytochemistry, immunophenotyping and serum biochemistry) were examined in 51 cases of acute monocytic leukaemia (AMoL). Peroxidase, Sudan black B and alpha naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) cytochemical reactions were unrelated to morphological (FAB groups M5a and M5b) or immunological subtype. ANAE cytochemistry, however, indicated that AMoL cases could be subdivided into those with typical (M-type) reactions and those with insignificant staining or monocytic ANAE isoenzymes (defined by IEF). All cases were phenotypically CD13/CD33 positive and, with one exception, had greater than 30% HLA-DR positive cells. Membrane CD14 expression was insignificant or variable in 33% of M5a cases in contrast to 23/24 M5b cases which showed high proportions of CD14-staining cells with at least two monoclonal antibodies. Serum lysozyme, LDH and beta-2 microglobulin (beta 2m) were increased in 88%, 68% and 81% of cases respectively but, with the exception of statistically higher lysozyme levels in CD14+ cases, were unrelated to the morphological, cytochemical or immunological diagnostic subgroups. Clinical and diagnostic features were also examined as possible prognostic indicators. The morphological, cytochemical and immunological subgroups of AMoL were not found to be of prognostic relevance but age (P = 0.004), renal failure (P = 0.005) and serum beta 2m levels (P = 0.002) were related to patient survival. Moreover, renal failure and serum beta 2m remained significant (P = 0.012 respectively) when age was taken into account and were shown to be independent prognostic variables.
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PMID:Diagnostic and prognostic factors in acute monocytic leukaemia: an analysis of 51 cases. 329 31

We report 60 cases of chronic and subacute myelomonocytic leukaemias (CMML and SMML) in the adult, using the FAB group criteria. The M/F sex ratio was 3.3 and the mean age 67.5 years. Splenomegaly was found in 32% of cases, hyperleucocytosis in 52% of cases and mean blood monocytosis was 4.3 X 10(9)/l. Marrow smears showed an excess of blasts in 57% of patients, a moderate increase in monocytes in most cases and frequent myelodysplastic features. An increase in serum lysozyme and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinaemia were usual and clonal cytogenetic anomalies found in about half of the patients tested. Treatment was usually palliative and the median survival was 28 months, a blastic transformation being responsible for a third of the deaths. Prognostic factors at diagnosis were analysed retrospectively in the 46 patients who had sufficient follow up. Percentage of marrow blasts haemoglobin level and blood monocytosis at diagnosis, were subject to multivariate analysis, resulting in a discriminant 'score'. This allowed assignment of each patient into one of two prognostic subgroups (10.9% probability of error): a poor prognosis one, with a life expectancy of less than 1 year and a high risk of acute transformation (subgroup termed SMML) and a better prognosis subgroup (termed CMML), with some CMML patients surviving over 5 years.
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PMID:Chronic and subacute myelomonocytic leukaemia in the adult: a report of 60 cases with special reference to prognostic factors. 346 95

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a low molecular weight polypeptide produced by monocyte-macrophage lineage cells. IL-1 production by primary-cultured leukaemic cells of several FAB subtypes was estimated and compared with in vitro and in vivo lysozyme production. The results indicate that IL-1 production by monocytic leukaemia cells (M4 and M5) is significantly higher than that of myelocytic leukaemia cells (M1, M2 and M3). On the other hand, the serum lysozyme level was not correlated with the FAB subtypes and in vitro lysozyme production by monocytic leukaemia cells was higher than that of myelocytic leukaemia cells, but the M2 subtype was indistinguishable from monocytic leukaemia cells solely on the basis of lysozyme production. We concluded that measurement of IL-1 production by leukaemic cells, as a marker of monocytic leukaemias, was convenient and reliable, and might be useful for the diagnosis of morphologically or cytochemically atypical cases.
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PMID:Interleukin-1 producing ability of leukaemia cells and its relationship to morphological diagnosis. 349 26

Using FAB criteria, we retrospectively classified 195 adult acute leukemia cases seen over a six-year period. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was separated from acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) by negative peroxidase. The dysmyelopoietic syndrome was separated from ANLL when the percentage of immature leukemic cells was less than 30%. The 55 cases of ALL and 140 cases of ANLL thus defined were initially independently subclassified with Wright's stained smears by three observers. Cases were then jointly reviewed by using all available information, and a final consensus diagnosis was reached. For ALL, there was complete agreement (of initial independent observations) about subtype in 32 of 55 (58%); for only one case was there total disagreement. For ANLL there was complete agreement in 89 of 140 (64%) and total disagreement in 5 of 140 (4%). Frequent disagreement of independent observations with the consensus diagnosis were L1 interpreted as 12, M5 interpreted as M4, L3 interpreted as L2, L2 interpreted as L1, M1 interpreted as M2 and M4 interpreted as M5. Although there appears to be variation between observers, all but 6 of 195 cases had at least two observers in agreement. Disagreement appeared to be partly based on varying interpretations of subjective criteria and partly on the variability in determining percentages of cell types present. The use of nonspecific esterase stain or lysozyme appeared to improve diagnostic agreement over that observed using Wright's stained slides alone in approximately 5% of cases of ANLL.
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PMID:Diagnostic concurrence in the subclassification of adult acute leukemia using French-American-British criteria. 617 97


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