Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of water and hexane soluble fractions of the Indian medicinal plant, Solanum trilobatum on the nonspecific immune mechanisms and disease resistance in Oreochromis mossambicus. Fish were intraperitoneally injected with different doses of 0, 4, 40 or 400 mg kg(-1) body weight of water or hexane soluble fraction. The nonspecific immune mechanisms were assessed in terms of serum lysozyme activity, reactive oxygen species production and reactive nitrogen species production by peripheral blood leucocytes. The functional immunity in terms of percentage mortality and Relative Percent Survival (RPS) was assessed by a challenge with live Aeromonas hydrophila. Almost all the doses of both water and hexane soluble fractions enhanced the serum lysozyme activity. All the doses of water soluble fraction significantly enhanced the ROS production on most of the days tested. In hexane soluble fraction treated groups, the enhancement in the ROS production was observed at least on 2 days. All the doses of water soluble fraction significantly enhanced the production of RNS only on one day. The RNS production was enhanced significantly only in the group treated with 40 mg kg(-1) of hexane fraction. The leaf fraction administration preceding the challenge with live A. hydrophila, decreased the percentage mortality in the experimental group with the consequent increase in RPS values. This preliminary study indicates that S. trilobatum could be used to promote the health status of fish in intensive finfish aquaculture.
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PMID:Enhancement of nonspecific immunity and disease resistance in Oreochromis mossambicus by Solanum trilobatum leaf fractions. 1744 87

Mn(III) N-alkylpyridylporphyrins (MnPs) have demonstrated protection in various conditions where increased production of reactive oxygen/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), is a key pathological factors. MnPs can produce both pro-oxidative and antioxidative effects depending upon the cellular redox environment that they encounter. Previously we reported (Free Radic. Res. 39: 81-8, 2005) that when the treatment started at the onset of diabetes, Mn(III) meso-tetrakis(N-methylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin, MnTM-2-PyP(5+) suppressed diabetes-induced oxidative stress. Diabetes, however, is rarely diagnosed at its onset. The aim of this study was to investigate if MnTM-2-PyP(5+) can suppress oxidative damage and prevent diabetic complications when administered more than a week after the onset of diabetes. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. The MnP-based treatment started 8 days after the onset of diabetes and continued for 2 months. The effect of the treatment on activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and glyoxalases I and II as well as malondialdehyde and GSH/GSSG ratio were determined in kidneys. Kidney function was assessed by measuring lysozyme and total protein in urine and blood urea nitrogen. Vascular damage was evaluated by assessing vascular reactivity. Our data showed that delayed administration of MnTM-2-PyP(5+) did not protect against oxidative damage and did not prevent diabetic complications. Moreover, MnTM-2-PyP(5+) contributed to the kidney damage, which seems to be a consequence of its pro-oxidative action. Such outcome can be explained by advanced oxidative damage which already existed at the moment the therapy with MnP started. The data support the concept that the overall biological effect of a redox-active MnP is determined by (i) the relative concentrations of oxidants and reductants, i.e. the cellular redox environment and (ii) MnP biodistribution.
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PMID:Late administration of Mn porphyrin-based SOD mimic enhances diabetic complications. 2419 Dec 41

The health of many Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) is adversely affected by exposure to blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis. K. brevis blooms are common in manatee habitats of Florida's southwestern coast and produce a group of cyclic polyether toxins collectively referred to as red tide toxins, or brevetoxins. Although a large number of manatees exposed to significant levels of red tide toxins die, several manatees are rescued from sublethal exposure and are successfully treated and returned to the wild. Sublethal brevetoxin exposure may potentially impact the manatee immune system. Lymphocyte proliferative responses and a suite of immune function parameters in the plasma were used to evaluate effects of brevetoxin exposure on health of manatees rescued from natural exposure to red tide toxins in their habitat. Blood samples were collected from rescued manatees at Lowry Park Zoo in Tampa, FL and from healthy, unexposed manatees in Crystal River, FL. Peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) isolated from whole blood were stimulated with T-cell mitogens, ConA and PHA. A suite of plasma parameters, including plasma protein electrophoresis profiles, lysozyme activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and reactive oxygen/nitrogen (ROS/RNS) species, was also used to assess manatee health. Significant decreases (p<0.05) in lymphocyte proliferation were observed in ConA and PHA stimulated lymphocytes from rescued animals compared to non-exposed animals. Significant correlations were observed between oxidative stress markers (SOD, ROS/RNS) and plasma brevetoxin concentrations. Sublethal exposure to brevetoxins in the wild impacts some immune function components, and thus, overall health, in the Florida manatee.
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PMID:Sublethal red tide toxin exposure in free-ranging manatees (Trichechus manatus) affects the immune system through reduced lymphocyte proliferation responses, inflammation, and oxidative stress. 2567 66