Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cell suspensions from 16 tumour-free axillary lymph nodes from breast cancer patients were prepared, using collagenase digestion to free the sinus histiocytes from the fibrous stroma of the nodes. The histiocytic cells so obtained were then characterized using four surface markers: Fc(IgG) receptors, C3 receptors, DR antigen and a macrophage-associated antigen (defined by the monoclonal antibody VEP-7). In addition phagocytosis was assessed using IgG-coated red cells, and both lysozyme and alpha-1-antitrypsin were localized by means of immunoperoxidase staining. The results demonstrated that the majority of sinus histiocytes carried surface macrophage markers, but that a minority displayed phagocytosis and the presence of lysozyme or alpha-1-antitrypsin.
 ...
PMID:Sinus histiocytes in axillary lymph nodes from patients with breast cancer: macrophage characteristics and activation level. 351 7

Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is a rare but controversial hematopoietic neoplasm. In the past, malignancies have been misclassified as histiocytic tumors due to overlapping histologic features and inadequate phenotypic data. CD163, a recently characterized hemoglobin scavenger receptor, appears to be a 'specific' marker of histiocytic lineage and a promising diagnostic tool for evaluating histiocytic neoplasms. Five cases of HS were studied to further elucidate the clinicopathologic features of these rare tumors and to demonstrate the diagnostic utility of CD163. Criteria for diagnosis included histologic and immunohistochemical evidence of histiocytic differentiation, CD45 positivity, and exclusion of lymphoid, epithelial, melanocytic and dendritic cell phenotype. Sites of disease included the colon (two cases), palate, inguinal lymph node, and testis. The clinical course was aggressive in 4/5 patients (survival=2-15 months). One patient with localized disease of the palate, survived 17 years after diagnosis. All patients with poor survival had tumors > or =3.5 cm. Histologically, all cases showed diffuse architecture with large, discohesive polygonal cells. Spindling of cells was focally noted. Hemophagocytosis was identified in 3/5 cases. A prominent inflammatory background was present in 4/5 tumors. All cases were immunoreactive for CD45, CD163, CD68, and lysozyme. S-100 was focally positive in 4/5 cases. Antibodies for melanocytic, epithelial, lymphoid, and dendritic cell markers were negative. Molecular studies showed monoclonal IgH gene rearrangements in three cases. Our findings suggest that HS is an uncommon neoplasm frequently extranodal in presentation and aggressive in behavior, with rare exceptions. Stage of disease and possibly tumor size are significant prognostic indicators. Molecular studies remain controversial in the diagnosis. The morphologic and phenotypic features are relatively uniform; however, the diagnosis requires exclusion of more common neoplasms by extensive immunophenotypic studies. CD163 appears to be a specific histiocytic marker and is important in establishing the diagnosis of HS.
 ...
PMID:Histiocytic sarcoma: a study of five cases including the histiocyte marker CD163. 1569 28

Reticulohistiocytoma and multicentric reticulohistiocytosis are designations for uncommon, incompletely characterized histiocytic proliferations of the skin or soft tissues. In this study, we analyzed a uniform group of 44 lesions composed of epithelioid histiocytes, comprising a subset of lesions originally designated as reticulohistiocytoma, and propose designating them as "solitary epithelioid histiocytoma" (SEH), in line with the recently published classification proposal for histiocytic disorders. There were 26 males and 18 females with a median age of 35 years (range, 2.5-74 years). All patients had a superficial, circumscribed, mildly elevated, solitary lesion (size range, 1.5-11 mm; median, 4 mm), located in the trunk wall (n = 16), lower extremity (n = 12), head and neck (n = 8, including 2 in the oral cavity), upper extremity (n = 6), penis (n = 1), and an unspecified site (n = 1). Histologically, the lesions typically involved upper and mid-dermis and were not ulcerated. They were composed of large epithelioid histiocytes with a varying number of lymphocytes and neutrophils. The histiocytes had abundant, typically densely eosinophilic, cytoplasm and mostly mild, if any, nuclear atypia. Multinucleated forms with randomly oriented nuclei were also present. The histiocytes had low mitotic activity (range, 0-4 mitoses per 10 wide HPFs; median, 1 mitosis per 10 HPFs). The lesions contained varying numbers of CD3-positive T cells, whereas B lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils, and mast cells were scant, if present at all. Immunohistochemically, the epithelioid histiocytes were positive for CD163, CD68, lysozyme (variably), and vimentin. They often had focal nuclear immunoreactivity for microphthalmia transcription factor, and they sometimes had focal reactivity for Factor XIIIa and S-100 protein. Membrane positivity for CD31, CD43, and CD45 was variable. The epithelioid histiocytes were consistently negative for CD3, CD20, CD30, HMB45, and keratins. All 12 patients with follow-up information had an uneventful clinical course with no recurrences (median, 13 years). SEH is a benign, probably reactive, histiocytic proliferation of unknown etiology. It needs to be distinguished from Rosai-Dorfman disease, juvenile xanthogranuloma, a variety of granulomatous conditions, and some malignant neoplasms, including histiocytic sarcoma, melanoma, and epithelioid sarcoma.
 ...
PMID:Reticulohistiocytoma (solitary epithelioid histiocytoma): a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 44 cases. 1662

This is the first case report of Histiocytic Sarcoma (HS) with predominant spindle cell component occurring in the head and neck region of a 41-year-old man. The tumor was composed of sheets of large round to oval cells with pleomorphic vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. Multinucleated forms, numerous mitoses, and tumor necrosis were also noted. Sheets, fascicles, and whorls of spindle cells with spindled to ovoid vesicular nuclei, small to medium-sized distinct nucleoli, and eosinophilic cytoplasm were frequently observed. Immunohistochemical staining in the tumor cells was positive for CD163, CD68, lysozyme, CD45, and NSE. Focal expression of CD4 and S-100 was also noted. Electron microscopy demonstrated an abundance of lysosomes in the cytoplasm of tumor cells. Chromosome study revealed a 57-80 hyperdiploid [7]/46, XY [13] karyotype, including 3 to 4 copies of various chromosomes. The immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings confirmed the diagnosis of HS.
 ...
PMID:Primary histiocytic sarcoma arising in the head and neck with predominant spindle cell component. 1732 77

Histiocytic sarcoma is an uncommon neoplasm of mature histiocytes with a poor clinical outcome. We report a case of a true histiocytic sarcoma with prominent and evenly distributed multinucleated giant cells that mimics a giant cell tumor of soft tissue. The tumor was located between the appendix, right ovary, and the terminal ileum with severe adhesion. The liver and spleen were not enlarged. Grossly, the tumor appeared grayish white, solid, and soft. Microscopically, polygonal mononuclear tumor cells aggregated to form somewhat epithelioid nests, which occasionally showed coagulative necrosis. Prominent and evenly scattered giant cells were present in all sections. In addition, tumor cell infiltration was noted in regional lymph nodes. The tumor cells were positive for lysozyme, CD68, CD163, and negative for T- and B-cell lineage markers, follicular dendritic cell, megakaryocytic, epithelial, muscular, and melanocytic markers, CD1a and CD30. This case posed great difficulty in clinical and pathological diagnoses. Gross pictures, microscopic findings, and extensive immunostains are important for the differential diagnosis.
 ...
PMID:Histiocytic sarcoma - a case with evenly distributed multinucleated giant cells. 1767 73

We describe a 56-year-old woman with histiocytic sarcoma involving the bone marrow. The neoplastic cells proliferated diffusely and showed occasional erythrophagocytosis. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were positive for CD68, lysozyme, CD4 and CD163, but negative for B- and T-cell markers, S100 protein and epithelial markers. The patient received multi-agent chemotherapy and is living at 22 months after diagnosis without recurrence. Histiocytic sarcoma is an exceedingly rare hematopoietic neoplasm and the prognosis is poor due to its rapid progression, widespread disease and poor response to therapy. It is important to recognize this rare neoplasm and to confirm the diagnosis using specific immunohistochemical markers.
 ...
PMID:Histiocytic sarcoma: identification of its histiocytic origin using immunohistochemistry. 1823 26

We report a patient with primary histiocytic sarcoma of the spleen associated with prominent hemophagocytosis. Although thrombocytopenia, probably due to hemophagocytosis, was refractory to corticosteroid therapy, the transfusion of platelets, and splenic irradiation, partial splenic embolization was effective and facilitated splenectomy for a diagnosis. The majority of the spleen showed necrosis, but viable neoplastic cells with pleomorphic nuclei and abundant cytoplasm, showing occasional erythrocytes or leukocytes, were still discernible. The neoplastic cells expressed CD68, lysozyme, and S-100 protein, and were negative for lymphoid, myeloid, and epithelial cell markers. CD163, a monocyte/macrophage-specific molecule, was positive in only some of them. Despite multiagent chemotherapy, the patient died of the disease, showing a rapidly progressive clinical course. Although the preoperative diagnosis of primary splenic histiocytic sarcoma is difficult, it has been confirmed in patients with splenomegaly of unknown etiology that clinicolaboratory features suggestive of hemophagocytosis may be important clues suggestive to the disease. CD163 expression by neoplastic cells could be confirmed only after careful observation, because the molecule may only be seen in some of the neoplastic cells.
 ...
PMID:Primary histiocytic sarcoma of the spleen associated with hemophagocytosis. 1832 79

We report 3 cases of a previously uncharacterized form of histiocytosis presenting in early infancy and showing ALK immunoreactivity. The patients presented with pallor, massive hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Liver biopsy showed infiltration of the sinusoids by large histiocytes with markedly folded nuclei, fine chromatin, small nucleoli, and voluminous lightly eosinophilic cytoplasm that sometimes was vacuolated or contained phagocytosed blood cells. One patient developed cutaneous infiltrates that morphologically resembled juvenile xanthogranuloma. The histiocytes were immunoreactive for histiocytic markers (CD68, CD163, lysozyme), S100 protein, ALK (membranous and cytoplasmic pattern), and dendritic cell markers (fascin, factor XIIIa), but not CD1a and langerin. One case successfully analyzed by molecular techniques revealed TPM3-ALK fusion. Thus the spectrum of diseases exhibiting ALK translocation should be expanded to include ALK(+) histiocytosis. The disease in the 3 patients (2 having been given chemotherapy) resolved slowly over many months.
 ...
PMID:ALK+ histiocytosis: a novel type of systemic histiocytic proliferative disorder of early infancy. 1866 Mar 80

A hybrid histiocytic sarcoma-interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma was found in a small perinephric lymph node of an asymptomatic 80-year-old man, who presented a year ago with two small foci of lung metastasis found during routine chest X-ray. Fine needle aspiration cytology demonstrated interconnecting long and thin cell processes radiating from dendrite-like neoplastic cells with oval, enlongated, reniform, and irregular nuclei with vesicular chromatin and distinct nucleoli. Histology showed spindled epitheliod and histiocytic cells with abundant, slightly eosinophilic cytoplasm with indistinct cell borders and forming fascicles in a vague storiform pattern with interspersed T-lymphocytes. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were strongly positive for histiocytic markers: CD163, CD68, lysozyme, and PU.1, as well as strongly positive for dendritic cell markers: S100 and fascin, but were negative for CD1a (Langerhans cell marker), CD21/CD35 (follicular dendritic cell markers), B-cell, and T cell markers. This case is compared to the four hybrid histiocytic-dendritic sarcomas reported since 1983.
 ...
PMID:Histiocytic sarcoma with interdigitating dendritic cell differentiation: a case report with fine needle aspiration cytology and review of literature. 1984 32

A 70-year-old male was admitted because of back pain due to peri-vertebral tumors. The histologic picture of a needle-biopsied tumor specimen showed pleomorphic large cell infiltration into the collagen fibers. On immunohistochemistry, these abnormal cells were positive for CD68, CD163 and lysozyme but negative for CD1a, 21, 30, and S100. Flow cytometric analysis also demonstrated that these cells were positive for CD13, 14, 38, 45, 56, and HLA-DR. A bone marrow aspirate showed the marked infiltration of abnormal large cells with the same surface antigens as described above. A diagnosis of HS was made. He showed monocytosis in the peripheral blood of more than 1.0 x 10(9)/L from presentation. The karyotype of bone marrow cells was 46,XY,+8. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis with a probe for chromosome no. 8 showed that all these monocytes carried +8, indicating that he had another disorder of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). FISH analysis with a probe for chromosome no. 12 demonstrated that the abnormal large cells in the bone marrow were all tetraploid, while analysis with the chromosome no. 8 probe showed more than 8 signals per cell, indicating that HS cells carried octasomy to decasomy of chromosome no. 8. These findings strongly suggest that HS in the present patient originated from underlying CMML.
 ...
PMID:Histiocytic sarcoma and underlying chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: a proposal for the developmental classification of histiocytic sarcoma. 2053 95


1 2 3 4 Next >>