Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Members of the Streptococcus milleri group (SMG) that react with Lancefield group C antisera were shown to bind large amounts of albumin although there was no direct relation between these two properties as polyclonal antisera to Lancefield group C antigen did not prevent the binding of albumin. There was a specificity for albumin binding, with albumin from man, monkeys, cat, dog and mouse being bound to a greater degree than albumin from cow, horse, goat or rabbit. Gold-labelled albumin was shown to be located close to the surface of strains by transmission electron microscopy. A cell-surface protein of M(r) 24,000, which was liberated by lysozyme treatment of cells, was shown to be the cell-surface receptor on Streptococcus intermedius C5. The receptor was physically dissimilar from protein G, an albumin- and IgG-binding protein of 'large-colony' Lancefield group C and G streptococci.
J Gen Microbiol 1993 Oct
PMID:Albumin-binding proteins on the surface of the Streptococcus milleri group and characterization of the albumin receptor of Streptococcus intermedius C5. 825 15

The product encoded by the latent membrane protein (LMP) gene of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been implicated as a transforming protein by a number of studies. We have examined the effects of LMP expression in FDCP-mix cells, a growth factor-dependent multipotential murine 'stem cell' line. Our studies show that LMP reduces the generation of clonogenic cells and leads to the production of cells expressing a marker (lysozyme M) characteristic of mature monocytes and macrophages. Furthermore, cells expressing LMP are compromised in their ability to produce mature neutrophils. These data suggest that expression of LMP in primitive cells can modulate their self-renewal and differentiation potential and provide evidence in support of the suggestion that EBV may be involved in some of the maturation defects of haemopoiesis.
J Gen Virol 1993 Feb
PMID:Expression of Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein influences self-renewal and differentiation in a multipotential murine haemopoietic 'stem cell' line. 838 64

The distribution of muropeptides formed by muramidase digestion of peptidoglycan from Staphylococcus aureus H was determined by gel-filtration HPLC. The observed crosslinking pattern supports the conclusion that incorporation of peptidoglycan in S. aureus proceeds by a similar mechanism to that proposed earlier for Bacillus megaterium. In this mechanism single glycan-peptide strands are incorporated into the sacculus by crosslinking reactions that take place only between the monomer muropeptide units of the incoming glycopeptide and muropeptides present in the innermost region of wall at the wall-membrane interface: such crosslinking reactions take place only during incorporation and no other crosslinking reactions occur. This assembly process has now been termed restricted monomer addition. The present analysis shows that the distribution of muropeptides in S. aureus peptidoglycan is in excellent agreement with that predicted by this mechanism. We propose that cell wall assembly in S. aureus proceeds via restricted monomer addition without any requirement for the secondary crosslinking reactions that have been suggested to occur in this organism. The high degree of crosslinking in S. aureus, 80% in this study, may result mainly from the freedom for crosslinking provided by the pentaglycine bridge peptide.
J Gen Microbiol 1993 Aug
PMID:Cell wall assembly in Staphylococcus aureus: proposed absence of secondary crosslinking reactions. 840 27

Rhapidosomes are tubular microstructures composed of proteins that are found in a variety of bacteria and algae. These structures, which are resistant to disruption by many denaturing agents, have potential application as a biomaterial and may serve as a new model for the study of self assembly. When rhapidosomes were purified and analysed by SDS-PAGE the presence of three proteins with molecular masses of 53, 29 and 18 kDa was revealed. However, lysozyme treatment of the rhapidosome preparations containing the three proteins resulted in the selective release of the 18 kDa protein from the rhapidosome complex. N-Terminal sequence analysis and amino acid composition analysis were performed on all three proteins. The amino acid composition of the 18 kDa protein closely matched the amino acid composition of protein H (a peptidoglycan-associated protein from Pseudomonas aeruginosa). These results suggest that the 18 kDa protein may be a contaminating peptidoglycan-associated protein and not part of the rhapidosome structure. Western blot analysis using antisera raised against rhapidosomes revealed that the 53 kDa component protein does not react with the antisera. We speculate that the 53 kDa protein may form the inner core of the rhapidosomes, whilst the 29 kDa protein forms the outer sheath of these structures.
J Gen Microbiol 1993 Apr
PMID:Protein composition of rhapidosomes isolated from Aquaspirillum itersonii. 851 41

It has been recently suggested that multiple organ failure (MOF) is caused by activation of inflammatory cells and subsequent release soluble factors from these cells. However, morphologic data to support this hypothesis is lacking. Thus, the present study was conducted to evaluate the activation of Kupffer cells in multiple organ failure by applying immunohistochemical techniques to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded autopsy materials. Eleven liver samples of multiple organ failure were stained for lysozyme, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, and by lectins, such as ConA, RCA-I, WGA and PNA. Normal livers and diseased livers of miscellaneous origins were also stained and compared. In normal livers, Kupffer cells were generally negative or weakly positive for lysozyme, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, ConA, RCA-I, and PNA, while they were positive for WGA. In multiple organ failure, by contrast, Kupffer cells showed stronger staining for alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, lysozyme, ConA, RCA-I, WGA, and PNA, indicating activation of Kupffer cells. Increased reaction to WGA and RCA-I was also observed in diseased livers of miscellaneous origins. These results are in agreement with the current hypothesis that activation of Kupfer cells is involved in the pathogenesis of MOF. Our findings also indicate, however, that activation of Kupffer cells is not a phenomenon unique to MOF.
Gen Diagn Pathol 1995 May
PMID:Kupffer cells in multiple organ failure--their activation as revealed by immunohistochemistry for lysozyme, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, and lectins. 854 3

Synthesis of the poliovirus polypeptide 3AB in bacterial cells results in an increase in membrane permeability. The alterations observed resemble those elicited by bacteriophage lytic proteins, which are presumed to cause pore formation in biological membranes. This property has been exploited in the development of an in vivo screening system that allows morphological differentiation of Escherichia coli clones expressing either wild-type 3AB or variant 3AB proteins lacking the ability to permeabilize bacteria. Expression of the wild-type 3AB gene in the presence of a chromogenic beta-galactosidase substrate causes E. coli clones to stain dark blue. In contrast, bacterial mutants that synthesize 3AB proteins with alterations in the hydrophobic domain lack pore-forming activity and stain to a light blue colour, allowing differentiation from wild-type clones. This phenotypic property correlates with the rate of entry of the beta-galactosidase substrate into the bacteria. The method developed here was used to screen more than 8000 E. coli clones after random PCR mutagenesis of the poliovirus 3AB gene. Our results show the existence of three different domains involved in the permeabilizing activity of 3AB protein. Twenty individual amino acid substitutions were identified in clones that showed the mutant phenotype and such bacteria displayed different reduced levels of permeability towards ONPG, hygromycin B, lysozyme and uridine. The procedure reported here may be of general interest to understand structure-function relationships in other eukaryotic proteins known to form pores.
J Gen Virol 1996 Sep
PMID:Screening for membrane-permeabilizing mutants of the poliovirus protein 3AB. 881 Oct 10

1. The effects of AL0671, a novel potassium channel opener, on protein glycation and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation were tested. 2. AL0671 dose-dependently inhibited both fluorescence development of bovine serum albumin and cross-linking of lysozyme. These inhibitory effects for glycation were no less potent than aminoguanidine. 3. AL0671 dose-dependently inhibited both increase in negative charge and apo B-100 fragmentation during incubation of LDL with Cu2+. In addition, AL0671 significantly decreased the LDL degradation in rat peritoneal macrophages. 4. Neither pinacidil nor levcromakalim inhibited protein glycation and LDL oxidation. 5. Antioxidant properties of AL0671 might be due to its potent electron-donating ability, and this agent is expected to be useful for hypertensive diabetes.
Gen Pharmacol 1996 Mar
PMID:AL0671, a new potassium channel opener, inhibits nonenzymatic glycation of protein and LDL oxidation. 891 39

Five cases of pronounced histiocytic reaction in pelvic lymph nodes after hip replacement are demonstrated. Two patients subsequently underwent radical prostatectomies with bilateral lymph node dissections for adenocarcinoma. In three patients, the change was found during autopsy. The sinuses and interfollicular spaces were distended by numerous large macrophages that had bulky eosinophilic cytoplasm. The cells displayed immunoreactivity to KP1 antigen, alpha-1-antitrypsin and lysozyme, providing support for their histiocytic derivation. Polarization microscopy revealed birefringent needle-like particles in their cytoplasm. We think that the histologic appearance of lymph nodes represents a foreign body reaction to fragments of polyester or polyethylene derived from joint prostheses. It is necessary to be aware of this characteristic foreign body reaction in order to avoid confusion with other types of lymph node histiocytosis or with a metastatic tumor.
Gen Diagn Pathol 1997 Dec
PMID:Histiocytosis of regional lymph nodes associated with hip replacement. 948 50

The responses of rainbow trout and brown trout to the same stressor were compared by measuring primary and secondary stress responses during and after a 5.5-h net confinement. Basal levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), and glucose were higher in brown trout than in rainbow trout. While confinement induced transient increases in plasma ACTH and cortisol levels in both species, the magnitude of these responses, but not the time course, was greater in brown trout. Brown trout, but not rainbow trout, showed a reduction in plasma alpha-MSH levels after 5.5 h confinement before returning to control values, and the glucose levels in the brown trout were elevated throughout the confinement and recovery periods. Confinement also resulted in increased hematocrit values and reduced plasma sodium and chloride levels in both species. Rainbow trout appeared to recover faster from the confinement, as glucose and hematocrit values in the brown trout remained elevated and ionoregulatory disturbances persisted even after 46 h. During recovery effects on the immune system were more pronounced in brown trout than in rainbow trout. Circulating white blood cell numbers were reduced in both species following 23 h recovery, but remained low in the brown trout. Elevated alternative complement activity and oxygen radical production were found after 23 h recovery, and reduced lysozyme activity was found after 46 h, in brown trout only. Results indicate that differences in the stress response of these closely related species, as illustrated by the intensity of the cortisol response, originate at the level of the pituitary and are also manifested through secondary stress responses.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1999 Aug
PMID:Differences between rainbow trout and brown trout in the regulation of the pituitary-interrenal axis and physiological performance during confinement. 1041 34

Lysozyme is a globular protein which is known to bind to negatively charged phospholipid vesicles. In order to study the relationship between binding of the protein and the subsequent destabilization of the phospholipid vesicles a set of experiments was performed using phospholipid monolayers and vesicles. Using microelectrophoresis the binding of lysozyme to phospholipid vesicles made of PS was determined. At low ionic strength and mild acidic pH of the solution lysozyme reduced the magnitude of the negative zeta potential of PS vesicles at lower concentrations compared to neutral pH and high ionic strength. In contrast, the bound fraction of lysozyme to PS vesicles was nearly constant at acidic and neutral pH. At low pH, the binding of lysozyme was accompanied by a strong aggregation of the vesicles. Lysozyme binding to PS vesicles is accompanied by its penetration into the PL monolayer. This was measured by surface tension and film balance measurements at low pH and low ionic strength. The interaction of lysozyme with negatively charged vesicles lead to a decrease of the vesicle surface hydration as measured by the shift of the emission peak of the fluorescent probe DPE. The binding of bis-ANS increased at low pH after addition of lysozyme to the vesicles. This indicates that more hydrophobic patches of the lysozyme-PS complex are exposed at low pH. At low pH the binding process of lysozyme to PS vesicles was followed by an extensive intermixing of phospholipids between the aggregated vesicles, accompanied by a massive leakage of the aqueous content of vesicles.
Gen Physiol Biophys 2000 Mar
PMID:Association of lysozyme with phospholipid vesicles is accompanied by membrane surface dehydration. 1093 Jan 41


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