Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hepatic angiosarcoma (Kupffer cell sarcoma) is a very rare but ominous malignancy. We report a case diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). The smear showed malignant spindle cells and a few rounded cells. The diagnosis was made on the cell block by the characteristic scaffolding arrangement of malignant cells along preexisting hepatocytes. This is the first report with immunocytochemical findings. The tumour cells stained positively for vimentin and negatively for keratin, factor VIII, Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA-1), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and lysozyme. This case demonstrates the possibility of a definitive diagnosis by FNAB prior to death without inflicting serious complications.
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PMID:Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of hepatic angiosarcoma: report of a case with immunocytochemical findings. 163 39

Protein analyses were performed in 15 cyst fluids (CF) from mature teratoma (TD) and in 15 corresponding sera from 9 nonseminomatous germ cell tumor patients. Qualitatively, many similarities between the protein compositions of CF and corresponding sera were seen. Quantitative comparisons suggested free diffusion of plasma proteins into the cyst lumen in nine cases, whereas in five CF a decreased size selectivity of the blood-TD barrier was observed. From the quantitative data it was concluded that the significantly increased CCF/Cserum concentration ratios for the tumor markers alpha-fetoprotein (8/14), human chorionic gonadotropin (3/14), and carcinoembryonic antigen (13/13) as well as for lysozyme (12/13), ferritin (12/13), and fibronectin (3/6) were either due to local synthesis or to concentrating properties of the TD cells. The results of the current study encourage further research for new tumor-associated proteins in cyst fluids.
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PMID:Protein composition of cyst fluids from mature teratoma in patients with nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis. 241 85

The presence of various proteins (mostly serum proteins) has been investigated in the chorionic villi of human placentas in the first term of gestation. The peroxidase-antiperoxidase method was employed. In normal chorionic tissue, i.e. obtained from therapeutic abortions, a positive staining for alpha 1-antitrypsin (A1AT), alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (A1AC), albumin and IgG was observed in syncytiotrophoblast but not in cytotrophoblast. Staining for other proteins, including fibrinogen, antithrombin III (AT III), lysozyme, ferritin, orosomucoid, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), IgA, IgM and alpha 2-macroglobulin (A2M), was always negative in the trophoblast. Similar results were obtained in only a few cases of tissue obtained from spontaneous abortions which occurred during the first term of pregnancy. In the majority of spontaneous abortions a different immunohistochemical pattern was observed. The syncytiotrophoblast was immunonegative in the majority of cases, especially for albumin, whereas the cytotrophoblast showed a positive (although variable) reaction to A1AT, A1AC, albumin, IgG and orosomucoid antibodies. There is no evidence to indicate whether these differences are the cause or the secondary result of the spontaneous abortions, but we can hypothesize that they reflect an alteration of pinocytic functions of the trophoblast during the spontaneous abortions.
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PMID:Serum proteins in human chorionic villi in the first trimester of pregnancy. An immunohistochemical study on normal tissue and tissue obtained from spontaneous abortions. 243 Aug 43

We have immunohistochemically localized fibronectin, lysozyme and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in 21 human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues obtained by surgical resection at both light and electron microscopic levels. Three distinct distribution patterns of fibronectin (sinusoidal, periacinar, and pericellular patterns) were observed. The sinusoidal and periacinar patterns were mainly observed in HCC of pseudoglandular or trabecular patterns and of Edmondson's grade I or II, whereas the pericellular pattern was observed in HCC of compact or trabecular patterns and of Edmondson's III grade, suggesting that the pericellular fibronectin was rather associated with undifferentiated HCC. Electron microscopic observation of the pericellular fibronectin showed fibronectin to be present in the dilated intercellular spaces where microvilli were moderately developed. We observed intracytoplasmic staining of fibronectin in 2 of the 21 HCC cases. By immunoelectron microscopy, fibronectin was observed in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of some HCC cells. In the 21 HCC cases, lysozyme-positive cancer cells were observed in 10 cases, and AFP in 6 cases. At the ultrastructural level, lysozyme was identified in the ER and the perinuclear spaces of HCC cells, suggesting that lysozyme was synthesized by these cells. Lysozyme-positive cases tended to be more frequently observed in cases with the pericellular pattern of fibronectin rather than those with sinusoidal or periacinar patterns.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study of fibronectin, lysozyme, and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in human hepatocellular carcinoma. 243 68

Two hepatocellular carcinomas and six hepatoblastomas were examined for the presence of 13 antigens using immunoperoxidase, avidin-biotin, staining techniques. Primary antibodies were directed against alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), lysozyme (LYS), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neuron specific enolase (NSE), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), hepatitis B surface antigen (HbSA), lactoferrin (LF), desmin (DES), vimentin (VIM), and keratin (KER). Except for HbSA, the antigen staining pattern was unable to differentiate between hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Both neoplasms where positive for AFP, AAT, CEA, EMA, and KER; however, neither stained for GFAP, NSE, LYS, LF, HCG, or DES. Vimentin was weakly positive in those hepatoblastomas where mesenchymal tissue was present in the tumor. Only the tissue adjacent to hepatocellular carcinomas stained positively for HbSA and correlated with the elevated serum levels of HbSA.
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PMID:Patterns of antigen expression in hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma in childhood. 248 9

The nature of hyaline bodies (HB) in Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) has been investigated by electron microscopy (EM) and immunohistochemical methods. Paraffin sections from 45 cases of KS selected on the basis of their high content of HB were challenged with antisera against factor VIIIR:Ag, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), alpha 1-antitrypsin (A1AT), fibrinogen, hemoglobin, alpha-actin and lysozyme. HB showed positivity for all the antibodies except for the last two. By EM, HB showed features consistent with red blood cell, fibrin and platelet phagocytosis. Therefore, HB in KS are considered to be the expression of an indiscriminate process of phagocytosis which involves not only erythrocytes and platelets, but also other substances such as fibrinogen, factor VIIIR:Ag, A1AT, CEA and AFP.
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PMID:Hyaline bodies in Kaposi's sarcoma: an immunocytochemical and ultrastructural study. 253 47

In a collection of parotid gland tumors the presence of different antigens was studied by immuno-histochemical methods. The series was composed of different tumors: adeno- and cystadenocarcinomas, adenoid-cystic carcinomas, salivary duct carcinomas, mucoepidermoid tumors, squamous cell carcinomas and anaplastic carcinomas. The following substances were studied: 1. Substances normally present in salivary glands like lysozyme and lactoferrin. 2. Oncofetal antigens: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). 3. Different classes of intermediate-sized filaments: prekeratin and vimentin. The presence of lactoferrin and carcinoembryonic antigen could be demonstrated in the glandular differentiated tumors, whereas the squamous cell carcinomas, although CEA positive, were lactoferrin negative. The anaplastic carcinomas were negative for lactoferrin and CEA. Lysozyme and AFP could not be demonstrated in the tumors of our material. Mucoepidermoid tumors and squamous cell carcinomas were clearly positive for prekeratin filaments whereas the stromal part showed a vimentin filaments in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts. These antigens provide a useful tool to distinguish between the epithelial and mesenchymal tumors.
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PMID:Tumor antigens in neoplasms of the human parotid gland. 618 17

Conformational transitions of human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the pH range from 2 to 12 were studied by fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence polarization, and circular dichroism in order to compare the molecular architecture of AFP with that of human serum albumin (HSA). In a previous paper we have found that AFP has a remarkably hydrophilic exposed molecular surface at neutral pH and possesses extensive hydrophobic binding sites located in crevices. Conformational changes of AFP occur in the acid and alkaline pH regions; extensive, hydrophobic areas of AFP are exposed by both acid and alkaline transitions. Similar results were obtained using optical methods. Both fluorescence and CD measurements disclosed conformational transitions of AFP induced by acidic or alkaline pH. Changes of the fluorescence intensity of AFP and HSA were compared with the model substances, that is, with lysozyme and Gly-Trp dipeptide. Again AFP and HSA show similar features, especially at the neutral pH and during alkaline transition. In the acid pH region, decrease of the AFP emission fluorescence intensity was greater than that of HSA and evidence for some irreversible conformational changes of AFP was obtained. CD spectra of both proteins also show a very similar pattern. The changes of molar ellipticity with pH for HSA are very much like those found for AFP. We have estimated high alpha-helix content--67% at pH 7.6 and 47% at pH 2.11. These figures are very close to those given for bovine albumin and rat alpha-fetoprotein. These findings provide additional support for our former findings that the molecular architecture of human alpha-fetoprotein has features similar to those of human serum albumin.
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PMID:Fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence polarization, and circular dichroism in studies on pH-dependent changes in the alpha-fetoprotein molecule. 620 47

A testicular malignant teratoma containing embryoid bodies and other embryonic and extra-embryonic structures in various stages of development has been examined by several histochemical and immunohistological techniques to study the distribution of various substances in the teratomatous elements. The substances demonstrated included various types of mucins; argyrophil, argentaffin, Paneth cells and haemosiderin granules; alpha-fetoprotein, alpha-l-anti-trypsin, lysozyme, beta-HCG and CEA. The significance of the findings is discussed in relation to early embryonic development.
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PMID:A histochemical and immunohistological study of a testicular malignant teratoma containing embryonic and extraembryonic elements in various stages of development. 620 Apr 21

We present a unique case of pulmonary blastoma and describe its histology and ultrastructure. The stromal component exhibited bizarre multinucleated giant cells containing previously undescribed granules. These membrane-limited granules were eosinophilic, periodic acid-Schiff positive, diastase resistant, acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase negative, immunohistologically negative for lysozyme, albumin, and gamma globulin, and often homogeneously electron dense. A similar electron-dense material accumulated in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of these stromal giant cells, suggesting that the material in the granules is synthetic. The material appeared to be a glycoprotein but was not alpha1-antitrypsin, alpha-fetoprotein, or human chorionic gonadotropin by immunohistologic techniques. These stromal cell granules differ from granules described in epithelial cells of other pulmonary blastomas but resemble granules found in some sarcomas.
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PMID:Pulmonary blastoma: an ultrastructural and histochemical study. 653 93


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