Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

About 60 characteristics have been investigated in 7 hemolyzing and 12 nonhemolyzing strains of L. monocytogenes. From these investigations resulted inter alia that the organism grows well under strictly anaerobic conditions, esculin is split at 45 degrees C,NH3 is produced from peptone, but not from arginin, and H2S can be traced by sufficiently sensitive methods. All strains possess a lipase, muramidase, and deoxyribonuclease, the hemolytic ones only also a lecithinase. Besides, the hemolytic strains only dispose of experimental virulence and of a CAMP factor-like agent. The experimental animal of choice seems to be the conjunctivally infected guinea pig in which a generalized infection develops.
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PMID:[Some properties of carrier strains of Listeria monocytogenes (author's transl)]. 81 65

Blast cells of 12 acute nonlymphoid leukemias have been investigated by consecutive application on the same preparation of three cytochemical reactions: alpha-naphthylacetate esterase, AS-D-choroacetate esterase and PAS. A fourth reaction (alpha-naphthylbutyrate esterase) was added in some preparations for a more detailed definition of the monocytoid-oriented cells. The cytochemical techniques were further combined with NaF inhibition and with the cytobacterial test for muramidase. The combined cytochemical approach allowed the identification of most of the blast cells, according to an empirically determined positivity to one or more reactions, and proved to be particularly valuable in classifying the cells after chemotherapy.
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PMID:Characterization of blast cells in acute nonlymphoid leukemias by consecutive cytochemical reactions. 82 Jan 55

Granulocytes were harvested from each of five healthy male volunteers once by continuous flow centrifugation with the IBM-Aminco Celltrifuge, and once by adhesion filtration leukapheresis with nylon fiber. Granulocyte recovery and purity were significantly better with the filtration leukapheresis system than with continuous flow centrifugation. Measurements of trypan blue dye exclusion and muramidase activity were similar to those in control granulocytes regardless of the method of isolation. Granulocyte-stimulated oxygen consumption was diminished in granulocytes prepared by the adhesion filtration method, but normal in those prepared by continuous flow centrifugation with the IBM-Aminco Celltrifuge.
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PMID:In vitro function of granulocytes isolated from blood of normal volunteers using continuous-flow centrifugation in the IBM-aminco celltrifuge and adhesion-filtration leukapheresis using nylon fiber. 85 Sep 31

Serum lysozyme (muramidase) concentrations were determined in five patients with Morbus Crohn before and after resection of inflammated bowel areas. The serum lysozyme activity which was elevated before surgical treatment in all patients fell to normal values after bowel resection within a few hours. Our findings suggest, that the elevated serum lysozyme reflects an increased lysozyme production in the inflammated bowel tissue.
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PMID:[Serum lysozyme concentrations in patients with morbus Crohn before and after bowel resection (author's transl)]. 88 76

Serum lysozyme (muramidase) activity was determined by the Lyso-Plate diffusion technic in 419 subjects consisting of normal persons and patients with Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, nonspecific diarrhea and various other disorders. Lysozyme activity in the normal subjects did not exceed 37.8 microgram/ml. The values in the several groups of patients overlapped markedly with each other and with the normal range. Approximately two-thirds (62.1%) of the 37 patients with Crohn's disease had values that were within the normal range. In about half (51.8%) of the patients with this disease in whom the process was clinically active, serum lysozyme activity was increased. Of 10 patients with Crohn's disease who had undergone resection, heightened serum lysozyme activity was found only in the three patients in whom there was clinical evidence of recurrence of the disease. It is concluded that serum lysozyme activity is not a dependable means of distinguishing Crohn's disease from ulcerative colitis or nonspecific diarrheas. The determination would appear to be of value, however, in helping to identify activity, recurrence, or extension of the disease in patients with Crohn's disease.
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PMID:The diagnostic value of serum lysozyme activity in inflammatory bowel disease. 91 Jul 87

Functional tests of granulopoiesis (leukocytosis, bone marrow picture, incubation in vitro of bone marrow with [3H]thymidine followed by radioautography and counting of labeled promyelocytes and myelocytes, serum muramidase level, liberation of granulocyte bone marrow reserve, Nitro-BT reduction in blood granulocytes, enzyme cytochemistry, and phagocytosis) were performed in rabbits given bubulphan (10 mg/kg) or 5-fluorouracil (200 mg/kg). Determinations were carried on serially during treatment with cytostatics. Some of the cytostatic-treated animals received intravenous (i.v.) injections of purified staphylococcal leukocidin in daily doses of 0.1 mg/kg. In control animals, theleukocidin resulted in stimulation of granulopoiesis (leukocytosis, increased number of [3H]thymidine-labeled myelocytes, elevated serum muramidase level). Animals receiving cytostatics suffered from marked inhibition of granulopoiesis accompanied by decrease of bone marrow granulocyte reserve. Injection of staphylococcal leukocidin during the period of myelosuppression evoked by cytostatics resulted in partial protection of granylopoiesis and faster regeneration of the leukocyte system.
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PMID:Stimulatory effect of staphylococcal leukocidin on granulopoiesis disturbed by cytostatic agents. 101 55

The chemical structure of the cell wall peptidoglycan of Vibrio parahaemolyticus A55 was studied. Estimation of cross linkages between peptide subunits in the peptidoglycan by dinitrophenylation showed that about 30% of the total 2,6-diaminopimelic acid (A2pm) residues were involved in cross linkages. The presence of interpeptide bridges was also demonstrated by isolating bisdisaccharide peptide subunit dimers from Chalaropsis muramidase digests of the cell wall peptidoglycan by gel filtration followed by ion-exchange column chromatography, although most of the building blocks obtained were uncross-linked disaccharide peptide monomers. The chain length of a glycan moiety of the peptidoglycan obtained by treatment with the L-11 enzyme and gel filtration of the digest was also studied. The chain length varied from 7 to 44, but 30% of the glycan fragments had muramic acid at the reducing end and a chain length of 28 to 44. In conformity with the above structural study it was demonstrated that a particulate enzyme fraction obtained by differential centrifugation of a sonicated preparation of V. parahaemolyticus catalyzed a penicillin-sensitive transpeptidation reaction, using UDP-MurNAc-14C-pentapeptide and UDP-GlcNAc as substrates.
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PMID:Chemical structure of the peptidoglycan of Vibrio parahaemolyticus A55 with special reference to the extent of interpeptide cross-linking. 103 Sep 50

Purified human lysozyme (muramidase) stimulated potassium excretion by the isolated perfused rat kidney. Lysozyme is filtered and reabsorbed, without a tubular maximum. Over 90% of lysozyme filtered is retained within the kidney; 50% was recovered by enzymic assay and histologically localized to the proximal tubular cells. Hypokalaemia seen in some patients with myelomonocytic leukaemia may be directly attributed to an elevated circulating lysozyme level.
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PMID:Effect of human lysozyme (muramidase) on potassium handling by the perfused rat kidney. A mechanism for renal damage in human monocytic leukaemia. 105 11

Infusion of cycloheximide i.v., an antibiotic known to inhibit synthesis of protein, at a rate of 0.2 mg/kg/hr, reliably caused lysis of fever in 15 chronically febrile patients with Hodgkin's disease who did not have detectable bacterial, fungal, or viral infection. Antipyretic effects were also seen in some patients with reticulum cell sarcoma, lymphosarcoma, acute leukemia, histiocytic medullary reticulosis, plasma cell myeloma, carcinoma of the lung, and carcinoma of the cervix. The drug failed to produce defervescence in four patients with normal granulocyte reserves, who were febrile due to bacterial infection. When infused at a rate of 0.2 mg/kg/hr, the drug apparently caused an acute alteration of protein metabolism in man in that plasma amino acid nitrogen rose acutely while plasma levels of muramidase and ribonuclease fell during the period of the infusion. The data suggest that continuing synthesis of protein may be involved in nonbacterial fever of neoplastic disease. Mammalian granulocytes and monocytes are known to elaborate a pyrogenic protein following appropriate stimulation; it is suggested that in some types of neoplastic disease, particularly Hodgkin's disease, tumor cells may produce and release a pyrogenic protein and that drug-induced inhibition of its synthesis is responsible for the observed lysis of fever.
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PMID:Antipyretic effect of cycloheximide, and inhibitor of protein synthesis, in patients with Hodgkin's disease or other malignant neoplasms. 109 49

The distribution of muramidase (lysozyme) in normal and pathological human tissues has been studied, using an immunohistological technique. The enzyme was demonstrated in a variety of healthy tissues, including serous salivary acinar cells, lactating mammary tissue, Paneth cells, renal tubular cells, myeloid cells (including eosinophils), and histiocytic cells. In pathological tissues the most striking positivity was encountered in reactive histiocytic cells in granulomatous conditions such as tuberculosis and Crohn's disease. The finding of this study are related to previous reports of the distribution of human and animal muramidase and the implications of patterns of muramidase staining in pathological histiocytes are briefly discussed.
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PMID:The distribution of muramidase (lysozyme) in human tissues. 109 17


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