Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. The permeability of the synovial membrane for proteins is larger in rheumatoid arthritis than in osteoarthrosis, in rheumatoid arthritis with high CRP activity larger than in rheumatoid arthritis with low CRP activity. 2. The diffusion by the synovial membrane in most plasma proteins takes place depending on their molecular weight. Of the 14 proteins tested only haptoglobin and fibrinogen did not follow this regularity. 3. While the non-immune proteins proved in the synovial fluid only come from the blood plasma, the immune globulins IgG, IgA, and IgM as well as lysozyme are partly also locally synthetized and enriched in rheumatoid arthritis. In rheumatoid arthritis lysozyme is present in the synovia not only in free, but in most cases also in cell-bound form.
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PMID:[Synovial membrane permeability for plasma proteins and protein syntheses in rheumatic diseases]. 31 2

Among 998 children with recurrent respiratory diseases 26 children with selective IgA deficiency were found. Three groups were considered according to IgA level in serum: group I with IgA under 0.05 g per litre; group II with IgA between 0.05 and 0.3 g per litre; group III with IgA above 0.3 and under 1 g per litre. Non specific immunity was studied in these patients including immunoglobulin levels, alpha-1-antitrypsin (A.A.T.) phenotypes, phagocytosis of staphylococcus aureus by PMN, lysozyme level, complement system. Cellular immunity was evaluated by IDR tests and rosette forming cells (RE). Only non specific immune systems were disturbed in some patients and appeared as aggravating factors in IgA deficient patients. We found: Abnormal phenotypes of ATT in 11 cases; deficiencies of engulfment in 6 cases, of bactericidal activities of PMN in 7 cases out of 16 studied; decrease of lysozyme level in 4 cases out of 17 studied; increase of IgE level in 9 cases with atopic symptoms in 7 patients. In our experience the chief aggravating factor in IgA deficient patients is abnormal phenotype of AAT.
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PMID:[Non specific immunity of children with selective IgA deficiency. Aggravating role of abnormal phenotype of alpha-1-antitrypsin (author's transl)]. 31 58

Human milk was subjected to heat treatments of graded severity and examined for its content of immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, lysozyme, vitamin B12-and folate-binder proteins, and lactoperoxidase. Holder pasteurization (62.5degrees C 30 minutes) reduced the IgA titer by 20%, and destroyed the small content of IgM and most of the lactoferrin. Lysozyme was stable to this treatment, but with an increase in temperature there was progressive destruction, to near 100% at 100degrees C. The same was broadly true of the capacity of milk to bind folic acid and potect it against bacterial uptake; with vitamin B12 the binder was more labile at 75degrees C than at 100degrees C. The milk contained no detectable lactoperoxidase.
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PMID:Influence of the heat treatment of human milk on some of its protective constituents. 31 82

Urinary and serum proteins were studied in 55 patients with extrarenal epithelial carcinoma, using an automated immunopreciptin reaction. The 24 h excretion and renal clearance of 6 high molecular weight proteins: albumin, transferrin, haptoglobin, IgG, IgA, and IgM were significantly increased compared with a control group, implying a glomerular injury. The 24 h excretion of 4 low molecular weight proteins: free lambda and kappa light chains of immunoglobulin, lysozyme, and beta2-microglobulin was significantly increased in patients with disseminated carcinoma compared with patients with localized carcinoma. The serum concentrations of albumin and transferrin were significantly decreased and the serum concentration of haptoglobin significantly increased in patients with disseminated carcinoma compared with patients with localized tumours.
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PMID:Urinary excretion of ten plasma proteins in patients with extrarenal epithelial carcinoma. 33 53

"Drip breast milk" is that milk which spontaneously drips from the contralateral breask during the suckling of an infant. Biochemically and immunologically, pooled drip milk resembled pooled mature expressed breast milk, although it has a lower fat concentration. About 15% of lactating women are capable of producing drip milk; volumes produced are up to 188 ml/donor/day. A milk bank is described which processes 1400 liters of drip milk/yr. Heat treatment of this milk with a semi-automated holder pasteurizer caused a 21% reduction in IgA concentration and a 36% reduction in lysozyme activity, as well as a decrease in the ability of the milk to inhibit the growth of E. coli. In comparison with boiling, pasteurization was as effective in reducing total bacterial content provided the milk initially contained fewer than 10(6) bacteria/ml.
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PMID:Drip breast milk: it's composition, collection and pasteurization. 36 2

Clinical and epidemiologic data point to a causal interrelationship between nutritional deficiency and infectious illness. Both are major contributors to childhood morbidity and mortality, particularly in underprivileged population groups. Energy-protein undernutrition and deficiencies of iron, folates and pyridoxine, depress a variety of immunity functions. Delayed hypersensitivity and number of T lymphocytes are consistently reduced. In small-for-gestation low birth weight infants, cell-mediated immunity may remain depressed for several years. B lymphocytes, immunoglobulin levels and antibody responses are generally normal, but secretory IgA-antibody is reduced. Serum complement components are low and there is evidence of in vivo consumption of complement C 3. Neutrophil phagocytosis of bacteria and fungi is intact but the next step of intracellular killing is impaired. There are changes also in the production of lysozyme and interferon. Infection per se results in nutrient losses, either actual or by sequestration, and produces immunosuppression. The correction of postnatal nutritional deficits and/or infection is associated with reversal of immunological functions to normal. The interplay of nutrition, immunity and infection, and its biological implications are described.
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PMID:Interactions of nutrition, infection and immune response. Immunocompetence in nutritional deficiency, methodological considerations and intervention strategies. 36 24

A complete and authentic picture of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the milk of Homo sapiens is presented. Older original references are reexamined along with data prublished during the last 2 decades. Mature human milk is made up of 3%-5% fat, 0.8%-0.0% protein, 6.9%-7.2% carbohydrate calculated as lactose, and 0.2% mineral constituents expressed as ash. The energy content is 60-75 kcal/100ml. Protein content is considerably higher and carbohydrate content lower in colostrum than in mature milk. Fat content does not vary consistently during lactation but exhibits large diurnal variations and increases during the course of each nursing. Race, age, parity, or diet fail to have a great affect on milk composition. There is no consistent compositional difference between milks from the 2 breasts unless 1 breast is infected. The principal proteins of human milk are a casein homologous to bovine B-casein, a-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, immunoglobulin IgA, lysozyme, and serum albumin. Lactose is the principal sugar of human milk. Human milk fat is characterized by high contents of palmitic and oleic acids, the former heavily concentrated in the 2-position and the latter in the 1- and 3-positions of the triglycerides. The principal mineral constituents of human milk are Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, and C1. About 25% of the total nitrogen of human milk represents nonprotein compounds. These include urea, uric acid, creatine, creatinine, and a large number of amino acids.
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PMID:The composition of human milk. 39 66

The most apparent immunologic role of the mammary gland is supply to antibodies to the neonate. In cattle the gland must be able to secrete large quantities of IgG antibodies over a short time period to supply the offspring with protection against systemic pathogens. This is accomplished by selective transfer of IgG from serum to the gland followed by eventual absorption by the neonate gut. In all mammals, the mammary glands provide IgA antibodies specific for pathogens or antigens which enter or invade the neonatal gut. An entero-mammary cell circulation provides the mechanism for conveying such specificity to the lacteal IgA antibodies. Some IgA antibodies may also be derived from the circulation so that the quantitative significance of serum derived versus locally produced IgA in different species requires clarifications. IgG and IgG lacteal antibodies ingested by the neonate, provide short-term systemic and long-term enteric humoral immunity to the neonate. In addition to providing passive immunity, at least swine IgG appears to have a regulatory role in the development of the systemic humoral immune system of the neonate. Such a phenomenon may be general for IgG antibodies transferred in colostrum or in utero. While passive antibodies and immunoglobulins may be most important for the neonate, the many other potentially anti-infectious elements transferred in colostrum and milk may also play important roles. 'Bifidus' factor particularly, but also lysozyme and lactoferrin are probably all important although more convincing experimental data will be needed to support this assumption. Studies of cells of the lymphoid and reticuloendothelial systems in milk are more recent and their role in the neonate remains to be convincingly demonstrated. In summary, the immunologic and anti-infectious roles of the mammary glands are (1) Supply of IgA antibodies against enteric antigens to the neonate on a 'long-term' basis throughout lactation; (2) Short-term supply of IgG (and IgA) in Group II and III mammals for eventual absorption into neonatal serum; (3) The supply of numerous nonspecific factors such as 'bifidus factor,' lactoferrin, and lysozyme throughout lactation; (4) Regulation of the development of humoral immunity by an apparent feedback mechanism involving maternal IgG; (5) Self-protection of the gland by sensitized T-lymphocytes acting directly or using lymphokines on macrophages; and (6) Self-protection of the gland by secreted antibodies that may act in complement-independent cytolysis, as opsoins for polymorphonuclear-leukocytes or directly as agents preventing colonization.
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PMID:Immunologic aspects of breast feeding, antiinfectious activity of breast milk. 39 68

Urinary and serum proteins were studied preoperatively in 48 patients with renal carcinoma, using an automated immunoprecipitin reaction. The 24 h excretion and the renal clearance of albumin, transferrin, haptoglobin, IgG, IgA, and IgM and the 24 h excretion of the immunoglobulin lambda and kappa free light chains and beta2-microglobulin were significantly increased compared with a control group. The excretion of lysozyme was also increased, but not significantly. Increased protein excretion was the most common urinary finding in patients with renal carcinoma. The protein excretion was predominantly of the glomerular type, implying a glomerular injury. The serum concentrations of albumin and transferrin were significantly decreased and the serum concentration of haptoglobin significantly increased in patients with stage III and IV tumours compared with patients with stage I and II tumours. Abnormal serum concentrations of albumin, transferrin, and haptoglobin were indicative for advanced renal carcinoma.
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PMID:Urinary excretion of ten plasma proteins in patients with renal carcinoma. 40 98

The 24-hour urinary excretion of albumin, transferrin, haptoglobin, IgG, IgA, IgM, free lambda and kappa light chains from immunoglobulin, lysozyme, and beta2-microglobulin has been investigated in 22 patients with febrile diseases, using an automated immunoprecipitin reaction. The average excretion of the 10 proteins was significantly increased in the patients compared with a control group. In patients with body temperature is greater than or equal to 38.5 degrees C the tubular type of proteinuria was significantly increased compared with those with body temperature is less than 38.5 degrees C. Sequential studies in 10 patients showed that the tubular type of proteinuria occurred in all, whereas the glomerular type was demonstrated in 8. when the fever had subsided, the tubular proteinuria disappeared rapidly i in all patients, while the glomerular proteinuria disappeared in only 4 out of 8. It was shown that tubular proteinuria was caused by fever per se, and it is suggested that glomerular prteinuria might be due to an immue response to antigens, derived from the infectious agents, producing a transient or permanent glomerular injury.
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PMID:Urinary excretion of ten plasma proteins in patients with febrile diseases. 40 46


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