Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Leukaemic cells taken from the blood of patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) frequently proliferate in suspension culture without the addition of growth factors for a limited period only. After a 6--10-fold increase in total cells, cell numbers remain constant for a time and finally decline. The main cause for this limited growth in vitro is not, initially at least, cell death leading to a steady state, but maturation associated in its final stages with cessation of DNA synthesis. Two populations of AML cells from Patients St and Wi respectively were studied, and progressive maturation towards mature leucocytes was demonstrated by the gradual acquisition in culture by the growing blast cells of intracellular enzymes (lysozyme, arginase, acid phosphatase and esterase being measured), surface markers (Fc and C3 receptors), of lactoferrin by Wi cells and of colony-stimulating activity by St cells, as well as changes in Ia antigens, phagocytic properties, morphology and adhesiveness to plastic. With St cells, which carried a characteristic chromosome marker, maturation terminated in cells with the characteristic properties of macrophages. At an intermediate stage, non-adherent and still-dividing St cells acquired Fc and C3 receptors and enzymes characteristic of monocytes. Wi cells progressively became neutrophil-like, and again there was an intermediate population of dividing cells which had Fc and C3 receptors and proteins such as lactoferrin and esterases. characteristic of neutrophils.
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PMID:Patterns of maturation in short-term culture of human acute myeloid leukaemic cells. 29 51

1. The de novo synthesis of arginase was much higher in murine than in rat peritoneal macrophages. This process was inhibited irreversibly by protein synthesis inhibitors and reversibly by glycolysis blockers. 2. Rat macrophages produce more nitric oxide (NO) than murine cells. NO production was inhibited by the inhibitors of protein synthesis or glycolysis. 3. The loading of macrophages by exogenous arginine for 24 hr in vitro resulted in the increase of arginase and nitrite in macrophages to different extents. 4. No great differences in lysozyme production was observed. 5. The proportion of arginine taken up and incorporated is contrasted in murine and rat macrophages.
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PMID:Inverse relation in the de novo arginase synthesis and nitric oxide production in murine and rat peritoneal macrophages in long-term cultures in vitro. 147 64

1. Murine macrophages showed a considerably higher in vitro arginase production in short time cultures than rat peritoneal cells. 2. The in vivo stimulation with casein or thioglycollate resulted in an enhanced in vitro enzyme production in mice. 3. The adherence is not the condition of the enzyme production. 4. The difference between the two species cannot be explained by the lack of bivalent ions, the absence of energy supply, proteolysis, the low number of macrophages or by the different cell types of the peritoneal exudate of mouse and rat. 5. The lysozyme production of murine and rat peritoneal macrophages was also investigated and no difference was observed between the two species.
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PMID:Differences in the arginase activity produced by resident and stimulated murine and rat peritoneal macrophages. 178 60

The mechanism for binding of human erythrocyte calpain I to human erythrocyte inside-out vesicles was studied by immunoelectrophoretic blot analysis. Binding of calpain I to inside-out vesicles was observed both in the absence and presence of Ca2+. Moreover, in the absence of Ca2+, acidic proteins like casein, ovalbumin and calpastatin suppressed while basic proteins like arginase and lysozyme did not affect the binding of calpain I to inside-out vesicles. Here, we propose a model for the binding of calpain to the membrane.
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PMID:Factors influencing the binding of calpain I to human erythrocyte inside-out vesicles. 228 76

A single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (10 mg/kg body weight) in C3H/He mice increases the total number of peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) and macrophages (m phi) within 24 to 48 h. The total number of PEC from untreated mice ranged from 4 to 5 x 10(6) cells/ml containing 2.5 to 3 x 10(6) macrophages, whereas in cisplatin treated mice total number of PEC ranged up to 25 x 10(6) cells/ml. These PEC contained up to 16 x 10(6) m phi. The macrophages obtained from cisplatin injected mice show enhanced cytotoxicity, cytostasis and binding to Dalton's lymphoma cells in vitro. These activated macrophages release into the culture medium factors having cytolytic and cytostatic effect on Dalton's lymphoma cells. The activated macrophages also show enhanced capacity to release superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, lysozyme, arginase and interleukin-1.
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PMID:In vivo activation of murine peritoneal macrophages by intraperitoneal administration of cisplatin. 326 18

Mouse monocytic Mm-A cells are a highly leukemogenic variant line of the monocytic and non-leukemogenic cell line Mm-1, which developed spontaneously from mouse myeloid leukemia M1 cells. Studies were made on whether Mm-A cells could be induced to differentiate further by agents that were effective for inducing differentiation of the parent M1 cells and other leukemic cells. Of the agents tested, butyrate, conditioned medium from concanavalin A-stimulated spleen cells, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and N6,O2-dibutyryl adenosine 3'5'-cyclic-monophosphate (dbcAMP) significantly stimulated the lysozyme activity of Mm-A cells, which is one of the most characteristic biochemical markers of monocytes and macrophages. Butyrate was the most effective agent for increasing lysozyme production by Mm-A cells; culture with 0.5mM butyrate for 3 days increased lysozyme production by Mm-A cells about 50-fold. Inducers of M1 cell differentiation such as dexamethasone, 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, arginase, and proteinous inducer did not increase the lysozyme activity. Butyrate also induced NBT reduction and stimulated other differentiation-associated functions, such as expressions of Fc receptors on the cell surface, immune phagocytosis and production of inducer for M1 cell differentiation. Its effect in stimulating differentiation of Mm-A cells was synergistic with that of dbcAMP or LPS. Incubation with butyrate inhibited the proliferation of Mm-A cells, about 0.3mM butyrate causing 50% inhibition. These results indicate that monocytic, leukemogenic Mm-A cells can be induced to differentiate further by butyrate and that the inducers of differentiation of Mm-A cells are markedly different from those of the parent myeloblastic M1 cells.
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PMID:Induction of differentiation of cultured mouse monocytic leukemia cells (Mm-A) by inducers different from those of parent myeloblastic leukemia cells (M1). 393 26

Differences between the transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) of spores and exponentially growing cells of Bacillus subtilis 168 were compared by co-chromatography on reversed-phase column RPC-5. This system gave excellent resolution of isoaccepting species in 1 to 2 hr using a 200-ml gradient. Two methods were used to extract spore tRNAs, a procedure using a Braun homogenizer and a pretreatment with dithiothreitol followed by lysis with lysozyme. Where changes were observed, column elution profiles of spore tRNAs were independent of the extraction method used. Three kinds of changes between the profiles of vegetative cell tRNA and spore tRNA were observed: (i) no change; phe-, val-, ala-, asp-, ileu-, pro-, met-, fmet-, and his-tRNAs, (ii) a change in the ratio of existing peaks; gly-, tyr-, leu-, ser-, thr-, aspn-, and arg-tRNAs, and (iii) the appearance or disappearance of unique peaks; lys-, glu-, and trp-tRNAs.
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PMID:Analysis of isoaccepting transfer ribonucleic acid species of Bacillus subtilis: chromatographic differences between transfer ribonucleic acids from spores and cells in exponential growth. 463 22

The arginase produced by peritoneal macrophages is not synthesized de novo in short-term (3 h) cultures after harvesting the cells. In long-term cultures the arginase synthesis is restored. In contrast to arginase lysozyme is continuously synthesized in short-term cultures. These statements were proved by the following experimental results: 1. Protein synthesis inhibitor and lysosomotropic agents did not alter the arginase level. 2. Arginine and its analogue, canavanine and ornithine were not able to change the arginase activity. 3. The product of an alternative metabolic pathway of arginine, sodium nitrite, did not affect arginase activity. 4. Effectors influencing the synthesis of cyclic nucleotides (cAMP, cGMP), indomethacin, sodium nitroprusside and an analogue of cAMP had no effect on the arginase activity. 5. Arginase activity could not be significantly modified either by an in vitro Micrococcus luteus treatment or by changing the adherence period of peritoneal exudate cells. 6. When arginase was produced in murine peritoneal macrophages at various periods with medium change, the total arginase released into the media from murine and rat macrophages did not exceed the original intracellular arginase content of the adhered cells during the first 6 hours.
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PMID:Evidence for the pre-synthesized state of secreted macrophage arginase: arginase activity cannot be modified in short-term cultures. 817 55

In the present study the level of enzyme hydrolases (alkaline phosphatase, myeloperoxidase, elastase, arginase, lysozyme and beta-galactosidase) of polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) granules in different ruminant species and their release in response to activation was studied. Buffalo PMN alkaline phosphatase activity was higher (P < 0.01) than in PMNs of cattle and goats. Interestingly, myeloperoxidase was higher in cattle PMNs and least in goat PMNs (P < 0.01), a similar pattern was observed in the distribution of enzyme arginase. As far as lysozyme is concerned, its activity was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in PMNs of buffaloes than in the case of cattle and goat PMNs. On activation, these cells released MPO and elastase, in all the species studied, while lysozyme was secreted only in buffalo PMN cells. Activity of certain enzymes related to oxidant defence systems such as glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were higher in cattle and goats compared to that in buffaloes. These observations are likely to have bearing on immunodefense roles played by PMNs and reflected differences among the ruminant species studied.
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PMID:A comparative study on certain enzymes of the granulocyte from different ruminant species. 977 61

Differential stress/inflammatory responses were characterized at the mRNA and protein levels in mandibular lymph nodes (MLN) and oropharyngeal tonsils of European wild boars (Sus scrofa), naturally infected with Mycobacterium bovis. Suppression-subtractive hybridization combined with immunohistochemistry and/or quantitative real-time RT-PCR were used to identify and characterize abundant stress/inflammatory gene sequences differentially expressed in tuberculous (TB+) wild boars. Genes identified in MLN and tonsils corresponded to serum amyloid A, arginase I, osteopontin, lysozyme, annexin I, and heat shock proteins, respectively. Global protein patterns in MLN and tonsils were compared between TB+ and nontuberculous (TB-) boars by 2-DE and MALDI-TOF MS. Five proteins, including stress/inflammatory proteins annexin V, serum albumin, and apolipoprotein A1 were found at lower levels in MLN of TB+ boars. Manganese superoxide dismutase was found up-regulated in MLN of TB+ boars. Five proteins, including creatine kinase and MHC class II antigens were found up-regulated in tonsils of TB+ boars. These results demonstrated differential stress/inflammatory responses in wild boars naturally infected with M. bovis and suggest possible markers of tuberculosis in this species that may prove useful for future studies of host-pathogen interactions and for diagnostics and vaccine development.
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PMID:Proteomic and transcriptomic analyses of differential stress/inflammatory responses in mandibular lymph nodes and oropharyngeal tonsils of European wild boars naturally infected with Mycobacterium bovis. 1716 76


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