Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To verify whether renal tubular dysfunction may account for the CAm/CCr enhancement in acute pancreatitis (AP), we have measured the renal excretion of amylase, lysozyme, and gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (GGTP) in 22 patients with AP and in 8 with acute tubular necrosis. While the CAm/CCr ratio was elevated in most patients with AP, the CLys/CCr ratio fell within the normal range in 60% of these patients. The subdivision of patients with AP in subgroups with elevated and normal CLys/CCr ratios revealed a mean CAm/CCr not statistically different. Moreover, no correlation was present in AP between amylase vs. both lysozyme and GGTP clearances. These data suggest that tubular dysfunction does occur in some but not in all the patients with AP and seems not to play a major role in the pathogenesis of the increased CAm/CCr ratio in this condition.
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PMID:Does renal tubular dysfunction account for the enhanced CAm/CCr ratio in acute pancreatitis? 615 8

Human parotid and submandibular glands were studied by paired immunofluorescence staining, including a variety of combinations of fluorochrome conjugates with contrasting colors. Lactoferrin (Lf), secretory component (SC), and particularly amylase were demonstrated in serous acinar cells of both glands. In addition, lysozyme (Ly) was present in some acini, although mainly located in intercalated ducts where Lf was also most commonly seen. SC was present in acini, intercalated ducts, and striated ducts but not in large collecting ducts. Staining for SC was generally faint but increased in intensity at the cell periphery and particularly at the luminal face of striated duct cells. Immunoglobulin (Ig) A--and IgM when detectable--showed an epithelial distribution similar to that of SC, in accordance with the known secretory properties of these two Ig classes. Conversely, IgG was not present in epithelial cells, despite its high extravascular concentrations. Mucous epithelial elements did not show unequivocal staining for any of the proteins studied. Formaldehyde fixation, combined with pronase treatment of tissue sections and prolonged exposure (20 hr) to antibody, enhanced markedly the staining intensity for lysozyme; ethanol fixation and 30-min incubation with conjugates generally afforded better localization of the other epithelial components.
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PMID:Characterization of epithelial elements in human major salivary glands by functional markers: localization of amylase, lactoferrin, lysozyme, secretory component, and secretory immunoglobulins by paired immunofluorescence staining. 617 83

The group of tumour markers contain antigens and cell products which can be demonstrated in tumour cells by immunocytochemical methods (immunofluorescence, immunoperoxidase) and can, thus, be analysed for the classification of tumour. In human salivary gland tumours the distribution of cytoplasmatic antigens as components of the cytoskeleton, the occurrence of cell membrane antigens and of enzymatic cell products is demonstrated. Prekeratin, as an intermediate-sized filament protein, is a specific marker of epithelial tumours, whereas vimentin is a marker of mesenchymal cells. A special feature is the occurrence of prekeratin and vimentin in spindle-shaped cells of pleomorphic adenomas. The tumour-associated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is found in glandular tumours and highly differentiated keratinized squamous cell carcinomas. With regard to enzymatic cell products, lactoferrin is present in glandular tumours and amylase in acinic cell tumours, but lysozyme is not detectable. The implementation of tumour markers contributes not only to an improvement in tumour diagnosis, but opens up new aspects in the cyto- and histogenesis of tumours.
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PMID:[Use of tumor markers in the diagnosis of salivary gland tumors]. 618 37

The action of certain substances known to induce cellular alterations, or encounted in the oral cavity, on the accumulation of 18F by Streptococcus mutans GS-5 has been investigated. A 62-67% inhibition in the number of 18F atoms bound per mg dry weight of cells could be induced by a 15 min pretreatment with 2.7 X 10(-4) M cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide, 1 X 10(-1) M acetic anhydride, or 7 X 10(-2) M HCl. Plate counts indicated that alteration of the cellular composition rather than viability was responsible for this diminution in 18F accumulation. Prior exposure for 15 min of this organism to 1 M HCHO or 0.1 M NaOH did not alter 18F accumulation. Of the common salts encountered in the oral cavity, CaCl2 enhanced 18F binding. Pretreatment of the assay cells for 15-160 min with 0.1-10 mg/ml of trypsin, pronase, protease, alpha-glucosidase, dextranase, or lactoferrin had no significant effect on the accumulation of 18F. However, pre-exposure of cells for 60 min to 1-10 mg/ml of either amylase or lipase induced a 40-67% inhibition in the binding of 18F, while lysozyme enhanced the binding of 18F by the cells. It would appear then that the binding of 18F by S. mutans may be altered by certain substances encountered in the oral cavity.
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PMID:The action of selected agents on the accumulation of 18F by Streptococcus mutans. 618 42

Polymorphism of serum and egg amylase by means of horizontal agarose gel electrophoresis and egg lysozyme by means of horizontal starch gel electrophoresis in Pekin, Muscovy ducks and their interspecific hybrids was studied. In the interspecific hybrids of ducks the codominant type of heredity of serum, egg yolk and egg white amylase isozymes, as well as egg white lysozyme, were found.
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PMID:Heterogeneity of serum, egg amylase and egg lysozyme in the interspecific hybrids of ducks. 619 17

Proximal renal tubular function was studied in 11 patients with severe burn injury. Creatinine clearance was normal or increased in ten patients. Fractional excretion of sodium was less than 1% in ten. Fractional excretion of uric acid and amylase were increased in all but four and two cases, respectively, while absolute clearances of lysozyme and beta 2-microglobulin were increased in all but one patient. Renal threshold phosphate concentration was reduced in four patients. Twenty-four-hour urine glucose excretion exceeded 1 g in five patients, aminoaciduria was noted in eight, and proteinuria, predominantly globulinuria, was present consistently. Metabolic acidosis was seen in one patient, and transient hypokalemia occurred in two. Abnormalities of proximal tubular function were more marked in the five patients with the greatest extent of third-degree burns who died. The cause of proximal tubular dysfunction is not clear and may be related to an adaptive response to severe injury.
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PMID:Proximal renal tubular dysfunction in severe burns. 620 26

Immunochemical techniques with enzymes as the antigen have grown in frequency during the last few years. These techniques have allowed evaluation of enzymes in the presence of endogenous inhibitors. Among those enzymes measured by immunochemical techniques and which have found diagnostic application, mention will be made of alkaline phosphatase (with particular reference to the intestinal, placental, and Regan isoenzymes), lactate dehydrogenase (in which renewed interest has developed due to techniques for specifically measuring the LD-1 isoenzyme), aspartate aminotransferase (of which the cytosolic and mitochondrial forms can now be independently measured by immunochemical techniques), acid phosphatase (for which a specific immunochemical assay for the prostatic enzyme has been widely introduced in diagnostic laboratories), and creatine kinase (for which a variety of immunochemical techniques to measure the M- and B-subunits are now part of standard laboratory assays). Other enzymes which will be discussed in this review include phosphohexose isomerase, amylase, ribonuclease, and lysozyme (muramidase). Finally, the use of enzymes, particularly asparaginase, in the chemotherapy of cancer will be outlined.
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PMID:Immunoassay of enzymes--an overview. 634 26

A total of 28 psoriatics and the same number of healthy individuals as controls were subjected to chemical analyses of their lacrimal fluid and parotid saliva to assess whether any functional disturbances attributable to psoriasis were detectable, i.e. if they have sicca syndrome (SS) or not. The stimulated parotid flow rate and Schirmer test I proved to be normal in both series. A significant elevation of salivary IgA, alpha-amylase, and Na+ was found in psoriatics when compared with the controls. On the other hand, salivary lysozyme values in psoriatics were markedly lowered. There was a distinct interrelationship between salivary IgA, beta 2-microglobulin, and lysozyme detectable in both series. The findings are discussed in terms of the increased immunological activity in psoriasis, and the possible role of cAMP and neural regulation in the causation of elevated amylase and Na+ levels in psoriatics is hypothesized. These alterations in salivary constituents might provide a protective system for oral mucous membranes against this skin disease.
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PMID:Chemical analysis of parotid saliva and lacrimal fluid in psoriatics. 635 61

Oral complications of cytotoxic therapy result from direct mucosal damage and, indirectly, occur as a consequence of immunosuppression. Such problems are further exacerbated as a result of associated xerostomia and secondary infection. Therefore, the aims of this study were to examine the salivary volume and composition (amylase, IgA, and lysozyme) together with the oral carriage of potential pathogens in patients receiving cytotoxic therapy. A pilot study comparing healthy controls with patients on chemotherapy for malignant conditions indicated that there were differences between the two groups. Therefore, a longitudinal study was initiated and twelve patients were assessed prior to and 4 and 12 weeks after the start of cytotoxic therapy. The 10-minute forced-spitting salivary volume and amylase and IgA levels all declined significantly over the 12-week period. Lysozyme content did not change. A quantitative increase in the oral carriage of Candida species, coliforms, and Staphylococcus aureus was also observed during therapy. Hence, it is concluded that cytotoxic chemotherapy results in a decreased salivary flow, a reduction in salivary amylase and IgA, and an increase in the oral carriage of opportunistic pathogens.
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PMID:The effect of cytotoxic therapy on saliva and oral flora. 644 71

After mechanically stimulating the surface of palatine mucosa of adult human subjects, 10-25 microliter of saliva secreted from the openings of the palatine glands were directly collected into graduated glass capillaries. The saliva samples contained large amounts of carbohydrates, sialic acids and hexosamines as a result of the high glycoprotein content of the secretions. The saliva did not show activity from amylase, peroxidase, lysozyme and other typical mixed saliva enzymes, but contained arylamidases at concentrations much higher than mixed saliva from the same subjects.
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PMID:Composition of human palatine gland secretions and evidence for the presence of specific arylamidases. 657 20


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