Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mycobacterium ulcerans produces an exotoxin in culture which, when inoculated into guinea pig skin, causes inflammation, necrosis, edema, and other histopathological changes resembling those in infections of humans. The toxin was resistant to heat and to alkalies and was moderately acid labile. Toxic activity was destroyed by Pronase, phospholipase, lipase, amylase, and glucosidase but not by trypsin, collagenase, cellulase, lysozyme, hyaluronidase, or neuraminidase. Toxic activity was resistant to treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol, urea, guanidine hydrochloride, p-chloromercuribenzoate, ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and sodium deoxycholate but was destroyed by sodium m-periodate and sodium dodecyl sulfate. The toxin was precipitated by a wide range of ammonium sulfate concentrations. Extraction with chlorofrom-methanol or petroleum ether destroyed its activity. Isopycnic density gradient ultracentrifugation in KBr produced a high-density lipoprotein layer with a 24-fold increase in specific activity. The results indicate that this toxin is a high-molecular-weight phospholipoprotein-polysaccharide complex.
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PMID:Further characterization of Mycobacterium ulcerans toxin. 3 Jun 94

1. The activities of lysozyme, acid and alkaline phosphatases, beta-glucuronidase, amylase, lipase, glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase, and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase in the whole hemolymph and 4000 g pellets and supernatants of Mya arenaria were determined. 2. All of these enzymes, except for amylase, occurred in whole hemolymph as well as in the 4000 g pellet and supernatant. 3. Based on earlier observations, these enzymes are believed to be of cellular origin within hemolymph cells. 4. In the case of amylase, it only occurred in the whole hemolymph and/or serum and is believed to have originated from the crystalline style.
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PMID:Selected enzyme activities in Mya arenaria hemolymph. 9 92

The determination of enzyme levels in cell-free amniotic fluid has proven useful in assessing fetal maturity and fetal well being, and is being utilized for the prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders. The activities of amylase, alpha-galactosidase, phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase, lysozyme and heat-stable alkaline phosphatase in amniotic fluid increase with gestational age and have an established relationship to fetal maturity. The ratio of amniotic fluid diamine oxidase activity to maternal serum activity (amniotic DAO/serum DAO) may be used as an indicator of the degree of rhesus isoimmunization after 28 weeks gestation. Creatine phosphokinase in amniotic fluid is elevated in cases of in utero fetal death and is of diagnostic significance. The prenatal diagnosis of Tay-Sachs disease, Sandhoff's disease, fucosidosis, GM1-gangliosidosis and I-cell disease have been made from the analysis of appropriate enzymes in cell-free amniotic fluid.
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PMID:Enzymes in amniotic fluid. 19 24

The distribution of lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase, aminopeptidase, maltase and amylase was studied throughout the small intestine of the adult rat. Lysozyme activity increases along the length of the small intestine and the behaviour of this enzyme slightly differs from the mucosal enzymes reported in this investigation. A positive correlation is found between the percentage of crypts with granulated Paneth cells and the lysozyme activity. This corroborates with the secretory origin of this enzyme from these intestinal cells.
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PMID:The quantitative distribution of certain enzymes along the small intestine of the rat and its correlation with the villous area and the Paneth cells. 35 72

In order to assess to what extent glomerular or tubular function is involved in the renal handling of amylase and the lysozyme to creatine clearance ratios (CAm/CCr and CLys/CCr) were evaluated in 22 healthy volunteers and in 71 patients with different renal diseases. In normal controls, the mean CAm/CCr was 2.55 +/-1.54 SD, with an upper normal limit of 5.56. A normal ratio was found in patients with glomerulonephritis, with or without a nephrotic syndrome, and in patients with pyelonephritis. A significantly elevated ratio (P less than 0.001) was instead found in patients with uremia and in patients with uremia and in patients with either chronic or acute tubular damage. The CLus/CCr ratio was elevated in all the groups, except in patients with glomerulonephritis and minimal proteinuria. These results show that in humans, as in animals, the amylase filtered load undergoes partial tubular reabsorption. In renal diseases, an increase of the CAm/CCr is caused by either a marked reduction of functioning nephrons or a severe tubular damage, while the glomerular permeability does not seem to be involved. Some other mechanism is probably involved in the elevation of the CAm/CCr during acute pancreatitis.
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PMID:Amylase to creatine clearance ratio in renal diseases. 44 31

Human supragingival dental plaque was collected from patients with various degrees of caries and periodontal disease. Plaque extracts, prepared in five different solutions (four varied from pH 1.8 to 12.7; one contained urea), were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and tested for amylase and lysozyme enzyme activity. Because no qualitative or quantitative advantages of using the extremes of pH or urea were observed, all subsequent extracts were prepared in phosphate buffered saline at pH 7.3. Concentrated extracts were fractionated by gel filtration and characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, peptide mapping, molecular weight estimation, determination of enzymatic activities and amino acid and carbohydrate analyses. Regions of similarity among the gels were revealed by comparing the electrophoretic patterns of pooled plaque extract, normal serum and whole saliva. The elution pattern of pooled plaque extract from a standardized Sephadex G-200 column indicated the presence of both high and low molecular weight proteins that might have correlated with the components of normal serum and saliva. A predominant and dialyzable third fraction had no correlate in either serum or saliva. The small peptides in this fraction were subjected to amino acid, carbohydrate and peptide map analyses. The most abundant amino acids were alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, valine, leucine, lysine and serine. These small components contained no neutral or amino sugars. Pooled plaque extract and the small peptides exhibited similar peptide maps.
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PMID:Studies on human dental plaque. 1. Physical and chemical characteristics and enzyme activities of pooled plaque extracts. 80 55

In 153 probands the following parameters of normal parotid gland secretion were examined: flow-rate, total protein excretion, lysozyme, amylase, phosphatase, BAEE-esterase, immunglobulin A and trypsin-inhibitor. The results were compared with secretions of parotid glands with tumors (51 patients), sialadenitis (22 patients) and sialadenosis (12 patients). Thereby differential diagnosis in sialotumors was found possible. The mose important parameters are flow-rate, protein and immunglobulin A-concentrations, Moreover it is possible to differentiate in sialadenitis and sialadenosis: lysocym secretion gives besides flow--rate protein and immunglobulin A-concentration a good parameter in differentiating both pathological findings. Discelectrophoretic and immunoelectrophoretic separations supplement the differential diagnosis in sialotumors, sialadenitis and sialadenosis. The results are discussed.
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PMID:[Protein composition of human saliva under rest and stimulation and its changes in salivary gland diseases]. 88 Nov 49

The amylase:creatinine clearance ratio in patients suffering from acute pancreatitis or acute duodenal perforation was higher than normal in both groups of patients. These findings cast doubt on the value of this parameter as a specific index of acute pancreatitis. The mechanism or mechanisms underlying the increased amylase excretion have not been determined. However, the markedly elevated urinary excretion of lysozyme observed in some patients suggests, by analogy, that diminished tubular reabsorption of amylase may contribute towards the elevated amylase:creatinine ratio.
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PMID:Amylase: creatinine clearance ratio and urinary excretion of lysozyme in acute pancreatitis and acute duodenal perforation. 98 10

Treatment of human enamel powder with cyclic trimetaphosphate or linear tripolyphosphate changes subsequent adsorption of amylase, lysozyme, and salivary protein from aqueous solutions. Treated enamel samples adsorb more lysozyme, less amylase, and more salivary protein (at concentrations exceeding 12 mug/ml) than controls treated with distilled water.
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PMID:Comparison of the effects of linear and cyclic phosphates on the adsorption of proteins by human enamel. 105 53

The gland-specific enzymes amylase, lysozyme and kallikrein the activities and their dependence on the speed of salivation were studied in normal persons. In these investigations the specification or standard ranges for differentiated secretion states is useful. In contrast to amylase activity, the activities of lysozyme and kallikrein weaken appreciably with increasing speed of salivation. The activity secreted, as measured in time units, increases. In the case of a diseased parotis, a comparison of enzyme activities with the standard values will show a significant reduction of lysozyme and amylase activity in the chronic processes. Acute inflammation affects the amylase activity slightly, but raises the lysozyme activity significantly. Parotid mixed tumours probably do not lead to any changes in the enzyme activities. The splitting up of amylase into isoenzymes by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and its possible importance for the diagnosis of pathological processes are discussed. First results of the splitting up of the parotid lysozyme are reported.
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PMID:[Enzyme diagnosis of human parotid glands and its problems]. 126 18


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