Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to study human bile duct cells in vitro, cystic ducts were obtained during cholecystectomy and treated with collagenase and mechanical abrasion to isolate biliary epithelial cells. The culture medium was supplemented with 50% of a bovine bile duct conditioned medium obtained by incubating minced bovine extrahepatic bile ducts for 24 hr in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium. Cells grew in monolayer and showed contact inhibition at confluency. The epithelial origin of primary cultures was verified by their growth pattern, ultrastructure, and indirect immunofluorescence for cytokeratin. The cultures showed specific immunofluorescence for lysozyme, collagen types I, III, and IV, fibronectin, and laminin, but were negative for collagen type V and factor VIII-associated antigen. Thus, these cultures provide an experimental model for the in vitro study of biliary atresia and other bile duct diseases.
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PMID:Characterization of human extrahepatic biliary duct epithelial cells in culture. 245 76

Iotrolan, a nonionic, hexaiodinated dimer, is an extremely hydrophilic compound (P = 0.005). Due to its larger Stokes' radius compared with monomeric compounds such as metrizamide, the diffusion time through membranes is extended. Iotrolan deforms erythrocytes only minimally. There is practically no binding to plasma proteins. The new contrast agent has been shown to exert a very limited effect on the complement system (in vitro); it does not inhibit lysozyme (a standard enzyme) in concentrations less than 100 mg I/ml. To inhibit activity of the enzyme collagenase, much higher concentrations of iotrolan than of metrizamide or iopamidol are needed and this could offer an advantage when used for diskography preceding diskolysis with collagenase. After a single intravenous injection in rats, iotrolan has an LD50 of 28.3 g I/kg - the best general tolerance known for water-soluble contrast media thus far. The superior tolerance of iotrolan compared with iohexol and iopamidol (p less than or equal to 0.05) in rats is statistically significant. On the basis of preclinical experience, iotrolan is a very promising contrast medium for intrathecal and intravascular use.
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PMID:Physicochemical properties and general pharmacology of the nonionic dimer iotrolan. 256 4

The effects of 4 proteolytic enzymes, alpha-chymotrypsin, bromeline, collagenase, and lysozyme on amyloid tissue sections from a patient with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) were evaluated. Degradation of amyloid fibrils was significant with alpha-chymotrypsin, moderate with bromeline and collagenase, and slight with lysozyme. All of these proteases except collagenase are used as oral mucolytics in humans. The possibility of their clinical usefulness in the treatment or prevention of the development of FAP is discussed.
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PMID:In vitro degradation of amyloid material by four proteases in tissue of a patient with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy. 283 42

This paper presents a study on the structure and function of Kupffer cells (KC) and liver endothelial cells (LEC) isolated by a simple and rapid technique involving 1) perfusion of the liver with collagenase; 2) cell separation by means of density centrifugation in Percoll; and 3) cell culture, taking advantage of the fact that KC and LEC differ in their preferences for growth substrate. The KC, which attach and spread under serum-free conditions on surfaces of glass or plastic during the first 15 min in culture exhibit a typical macrophage-like morphology including membrane ruffling and a heterogenous content of vacuoles. Moreover, these cells express (a) Fc receptors (FcR) for binding and phagocytosis of erythrocytes covered with immune globulin G (E-IgG), and (b) complement receptors (CR) for binding and serum dependent phagocytosis of erythrocytes covered with either human C3b or mouse inactivated C3b (iC3b). The cells also bind fluid phase fluoresceinated C3b. Approximately 30% of the KC express immune response-associated (Ia)-antigens. The LEC attach and spread on fibronectin coated surfaces, but not on glass or plastic surfaces, during the first two hours in culture with or without serum, and are morphologically distinct from KC. Cultured LEC are well spread out with no membrane ruffling and with numerous large vesicles surrounding the regularly shaped nucleus. These cells bind, but do not ingest E-IgG via the FcR, but no binding of fluid phase C3b or particle fixed C3b or iC3b can be observed. Incubation of LEC with fluorescein amine conjugates of ovalbumin or formaldehyde treated serum albumin, but not with fluoresceinated native serum albumin, results in accumulation of fluorescence specifically localized in the large perinuclear vesicles. Neither KC nor any other cell types tested have the ability to accumulate fluorescence upon incubation with these compounds. Ia-antigens are not present on the LEC. Cytochemical demonstration of unspecific esterase, acid phosphatase, and peroxidase reveals different patterns and intensities of staining in KC as compared to LEC.
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PMID:Functional and morphological characterization of cultures of Kupffer cells and liver endothelial cells prepared by means of density separation in Percoll, and selective substrate adherence. 299 96

The effects of gold sodium thiomalate (GST) on the production of specific collagenase by thioglycolate-elicited macrophages was investigated. Our studies demonstrated that GST administration can significantly decrease collagenase production in a dose-dependent manner. These effects were observed with levels of GST attainable in serum or synovial tissue during routine chrysotherapy. In addition, GST altered lysozyme secretion by activated macrophages in a pattern distinct from that of collagenase alteration. These effects of enzyme secretion were not secondary effects of GST on viability, general protein secretion, or the specific assay procedures utilized, and were not attributable to the thiomalate moiety. Thus, GST may exert its therapeutic effect in rheumatoid arthritis through interference with the production of degradative proteolytic enzymes, which are important effector molecules mediating tissue destruction.
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PMID:Alterations in macrophage collagenase secretion induced by gold sodium thiomalate. 300 15

The clinical course of sarcoidosis is varying and unpredictable. Once the diagnosis has been made, the clinician needs simple tests to detect and predict remission or progression, to determine whether treatment is effective or not, and to assess the clinical activity of the disease. Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease, but the lungs are almost always involved. Traditionally, the clinical management has therefore included chest X-rays and lung function studies. Extrapulmonary lesions have been followed in different ways. Sensitive and reproducible biochemical tests would be helpful in evaluating the clinical course of patients with sarcoidosis, if they measure functions related to the granulomatous inflammation. This review will deal with measurements of serum and urinary calcium, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. The usefulness of single and serial determinations of lysozyme, angiotensin converting enzyme, beta 2-microglobulin, collagenase, carboxypeptidase and glucuronidase in serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and other biological fluids will be discussed.
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PMID:Biochemical markers in sarcoidosis. 302 7

The properties of rat liver dendritic cells (DC) were analyzed after collagenase digestion of the tissue and enrichment with density gradient centrifugation. The liver macrophages (Kupffer cells) were eliminated by adherence before the gradient centrifugation. The morphology of isolated DC in May-Grunwald-Giemsa (MGG) stained cytocentrifuge preparations resembled that of monocytes with certain dissimilarities. The expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens (Ia) on DC was analyzed with the Staphylococcus aureus rosette method using a monoclonal antibody. The binding of anti-Ia antibody to rat liver DC was 3 times stronger than to passenger lymphocytes and 10 times stronger than to hepatocytes. All DC were Ia-positive tested with indirect immunofluorescence technique, and none of them were able to phagocytize antibody-coated human red cells. The DC did not express intracytoplasmic lysozyme, or surface Fc-receptors, and they all were negative in alpha-naphtylacetate esterase (ANAE) staining. Thus, although the dendritic cells of rat liver seem to belong to the monocytic series according to morphologic criteria, they were all negative when tested for typical monocyte/macrophage markers. The immunocenic potential of DC was analyzed by testing their ability to prime a naive recipient for graft rejection. The number DC needed for the priming was comparable with the number of spleen lymphocytes needed for an equivalent effect, indicating that the DC were highly immunogenic. The hepatocytes showed practically no immunogenic effect. Thus the immunogenic potential of the tested cells, i.e. their ability to induce accelerated transplant rejection, carries a good correlation with the expression of Ia-antigens on the cell surface.
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PMID:Characteristics of dendritic cells in rat liver. 328 40

A transplantable macrophage-like cell line has been obtained and established in W rats. This cell line is in its 85th passage and is perhaps the only established macrophage-like cell line that grows rapidly intraperitoneally in rats. The cells possess some of the typical characteristics of macrophages, such as adherence to glass, phagocytosis, presence of Fc receptors and C3d receptors, la determinants, leukocyte common antigen, lysozyme, non-specific esterase, and glycogen. The tumor also grows as solid when injected sc, intradermally, or intramuscularly. The cells have collagenase, tyrosine-specific protein kinase, and several other hydrolases. Histopathologic and ultrastructural observations suggest it to be a histiocytic tumor. The availability of a macrophage cell line of rat origin provides a useful experimental model to study different macrophage functions at the cellular and molecular level.
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PMID:Development and characterization of a rat histiocyte-macrophage tumor line. 345 75

Cell suspensions from 16 tumour-free axillary lymph nodes from breast cancer patients were prepared, using collagenase digestion to free the sinus histiocytes from the fibrous stroma of the nodes. The histiocytic cells so obtained were then characterized using four surface markers: Fc(IgG) receptors, C3 receptors, DR antigen and a macrophage-associated antigen (defined by the monoclonal antibody VEP-7). In addition phagocytosis was assessed using IgG-coated red cells, and both lysozyme and alpha-1-antitrypsin were localized by means of immunoperoxidase staining. The results demonstrated that the majority of sinus histiocytes carried surface macrophage markers, but that a minority displayed phagocytosis and the presence of lysozyme or alpha-1-antitrypsin.
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PMID:Sinus histiocytes in axillary lymph nodes from patients with breast cancer: macrophage characteristics and activation level. 351 7

Noninbred Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained on a choline-deficient diet containing 0.05% ethionine. After 10-13 weeks, livers were dispersed with collagenase, lysozyme, collagenase and hyaluronidase. Pronase, or a selected batch of trypsin. The highest yield of cells with histochemically demonstrable gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) was obtained with trypsin. After velocity sedimentation in an isokinetic gradient of Ficoll in tissue culture medium, two modal populations of cells with histochemically demonstrable GGT were observed. The first mode contained cells that were morphologically different from hepatocytes and that may be oval cells. The second, more rapidly sedimenting modal population of cells with GGT was morphologically similar to hepatocytes as assessed with Wright's stain; the location of this population in the gradient was the same as the location of cells with the appearance of hepatocytes that lacked iron and that had decreased glucose 6-phosphatase. In multiple experiments, the purest fractions contained 71.7 +/- 3.5% cells (mean +/- SD) with the appearance of hepatocytes with histochemically demonstrable GGT.
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PMID:Separation of two populations of cells with gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase from carcinogen-treated rat liver. 611 83


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