Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The increasing environmental and occupational exposure of populations to cadmium creates the need for biological indicators of cadmium exposure and toxicity. The advantages and disadvantages of monitoring blood cadmium, urinary, fecal, hair, and tissue cadmium, serum creatinine, beta 2-microglobulin, alpha 1-antitrypsin and other proteins, and urinary amino acids, enzymes, total proteins, glucose, beta 2-microglobulin, retinol-binding protein, lysozyme, and metallothionein are discussed. It is concluded that urinary cadmium, metallothionein and beta 2-microglobulin may be used together to assess cadmium exposure and toxicity.
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PMID:Biological indicators of cadmium exposure and toxicity. 636 18

In rheumatoid arthritis, it is well known that lysosomal enzymes such as lysozyme and acid phosphatase have a function of destroying bone and synovial tissue of joints. In order to analyze the localization and the difference of distribution of lysozyme and acid phosphatase on the synovial tissue of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and non-RA joints, immunohistochemical and histochemical methods were employed. Lysozyme was detected with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded materials in 82 cases of synovial tissue (RA 50 cases, non-RA 32 cases) using the unlabelled peroxidase anti-peroxidase (PAP) method following Taylor, et al. Acid phosphatase was detected with the naphthol AS method using frozen sections. In addition, in some cases of RA, alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin were also examined in synovium by the PAP method. For quantitative analysis of lysozyme in synovial fluid, lyso-plate were used on 98 cases (RA 58 cases, non-RA 40 cases). Further, acid phosphatase was quantitated with phenyl phosphoric acid. The results show, histologically, that lysozyme was more predominantly and more specifically located in the synovial cells, especially in the synovial lining cells of RA joints than non-RA joints. Lysozyme was distributed in the cytoplasm of synovial cells in a fine granular or small globoid pattern. On the other hand, no lysozyme was detected on the infiltrated lymphocytes and plasma cells. Infiltration of leukocytes was relatively slight. Acid phosphatase was intensively located in the same portion of RA synovium as that of lysozyme. Electron microscopically, synovial surface cells showed an increase in number, and they contained dominant, well-developed, rough endoplasmic reticulum and electron dense bodies. Fibrillar matrix were present in the cytoplasm and in the extracellular space in an amorphous pattern. Enzyme activity of lysozyme in 58 RA synovial fluid was 113 +/- 101 (mean +/- standard deviation) micrograms/ml and that in 40 non-RA (11 osteoarthritis, 20 autopsy cases, and others) was 35 +/- 31 micrograms/ml. Acid phosphatase activity of 47 RA was 11.97 +/- 10.45 I.U. (International Unit) and that of 38 non-RA was 5.16 +/- 3.77 I.U. A significant difference of lysosomal enzyme activity was thus found in the synovial fluid between RA and non-RA. Clinical laboratory data, namely, ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and CRP (C-reactive protein) as an activity of rheumatic disease were evaluated. Correlation rate between ESR and lysozyme in RA synovial fluid was 0.279 (the value of P less than 0.05) and between ESR and acid phosphatase was 0.259 (P less than 0.05). Thus no significant correlation was found among them.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Study of lysosomal enzymes in human synovial membrane and fluid from rheumatoid and non-rheumatoid patients]. 637 74

Twenty biopsies of lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis were classified according to the mechanism of parasite elimination, on the basis of macrophage activation (five cases) or macrophage lysis (15 cases). The immunoperoxidase technique was used to demonstrate free Leishmania antigen, immunoglobulins, complement, lysozyme, C-reactive protein, beta-lipoprotein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, plasminogen and factor VIII, which were quantitated and comparatively assessed. The fall in the parasite load during the course of the infection was associated with rising levels of IgG, IgM and IgE, and of the complement components of the classical pathway. Macrophage lysis supervened when there was an approximate equivalence of antigen and antibody, and was associated with the deposition of immune complex components. Lysis of the acute focal type (C response) was accompanied by a massive liberation of free Leishmania antigen, followed by a fall indicative of parasite elimination. The lysis of small numbers of macrophages scattered diffusely in the lesion, which was slow to reach completion (B response), was less effective and immunologically closer to the non-lytic (A) response. A terminal fall of the immunological factors other than the globulins, suggestive of resolution, was observed mainly in the C response. Lymphocytes may be important in macrophage activation associated with the macrophage A response and in the later stage of the B and C responses. However immunologically induced host-cell lysis is more important than macrophage activation for the elimination of Leishmania in the acute stage of most skin lesions. It is associated with, and may be caused by, the formation in situ of immune complexes of Leishmania antigen and antibody at an appropriate ratio.
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PMID:Cutaneous leishmaniasis: immune complex formation and necrosis in the acute phase. 637 41

A polyclonal antiserum, produced in sheep and reactive against purified human leucocyte elastase, has been applied to paraffin sections from a range of human tissues by means of the indirect immunoperoxidase method. Striking and consistent results have been obtained. Normal or inflammatory granulocytes were intensely positive, the reaction being "blocked" by pure elastase. Activity was not seen in other sites, including histiocytic reticulum and lymphoid cells, although some weaker reaction was present in gastric and ileal lining epithelium. Strong reactivity was also seen in the cells of acute and chronic myeloid leukaemia and in extramedullary haemopoiesis. The advantages of this technique are compared with those for muramidase (lysozyme), alpha 1-antitrypsin, and naphthol-AS-D-chloroacetate esterase.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical demonstration of leucocyte elastase in human tissues. 638 90

Nine children with IgA deficiency were studied in order to evaluate by the immunoperoxidase technique the behaviour of secretory component (SC), alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT), lysozyme and esterase in biopsies of intestinal mucosa. In none of the studied patients was SC found to be lacking, suggesting that the epithelial transport mechanism of IgA across enterocytes was relatively normal. The distribution of SC activity in immunodeficient children differed however from that seen in control intestinal mucosa in its non-uniform distribution on the villus, abnormal retention in the Golgi region of enterocytes or exclusive activity confined to the proliferating compartment of the villus. The staining of alpha 1-AT in enterocytes was clearly obvious in all studied cases with no alteration in zonal distribution when compared with normal human mucosa. The lysozyme staining pattern was seen exclusively in Paneth cells. The non-specific esterase positive enterocytes observed in control mucosa failed to stain in biopsies from IgA deficient children. The results of this study of SC, alpha 1-AT, lysozyme and esterase may indicate that IgA deficiency is not related to a defect in enterocyte transport of immunoglobulins and confirms previously reported findings indicating the lymphoid B-cell compartment to be altered.
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PMID:Secretory component, alpha 1-antitrypsin and lysozyme in IgA deficient children. An immunohistochemical evaluation of intestinal mucosa. 639 68

Blood and saliva were collected in the autumn and spring from a group of schoolchildren (39 girls, 35 boys) with a mean age of 11.4 years. Serum immunoglobulin IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE, alpha 1-antitrypsin (A 1-AT), alpha 2 macroglobulin (A 2M), transferrin (TRF), ceruloplasmin (CPL), lysozyme (LYS) and pertussis (PE) antibody levels were determined. Calcium (Ca2+) and total serum protein levels were also determined. Secretory IgA (sIgA) and secretory lysozyme (sLYS) levels were assessed in the saliva. A highly significant drop in Ca2+ levels was found in the spring in boys, while in girls there was only a greater scatter of the values. Mean IgG, IgA and IgM values fell significantly in the spring in both sexes, but IgE levels fell significantly only in boys. PE levels rose significantly in the spring in girls. Among the other proteins, all the values rose in boys, except for TRF, whose levels fell. In girls, LYS and TRF levels rose, but all the other values fell. The coefficients of correlation between Ca2+ and the tested proteins showed a significant relationship only for A 2M and PE in girls and only for the total protein level in boys; in boys, the determination coefficient for sIgA and IgM was over 10%. The results do not testify to the existence of a close relationship between blood Ca2+ levels and Ig and other blood protein levels.
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PMID:Seasonal changes in the relationship of blood calcium levels to immunoglobulins and some of the blood proteins in schoolchildren. 650 75

A case of melanotic schwannoma of the sacral region, studied with electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry, is reported. Melanosomes in all stages of formation were ultrastructurally demonstrable in neoplastic cells, which showed prominent basal lamina and interdigitating cytoplasmic processes. These findings support the Schwann cell origin of the tumor and indicate that Schwann cells are capable of melanin production. The immunohistologic examination showed the absence of neoplastic cells for all antigens tested (S-100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, lysozyme, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichimotrypsin, keratin). Apart from questioning the nature of the tumor, S-100 protein absence could raise doubts on its benign course. In the reported case, no local recurrence or distant metastases have been recorded 2 years after surgery.
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PMID:Melanotic schwannoma: a case report. 653 55

The protein composition of sputum collected by a protected method in 17 children with cystic fibrosis (CF) was analysed. The severity of the disease was assessed using the Shwachman score and the degree of bronchial superinfection was determined by a quantitative cyto-bacteriological study. The main proteins with antibacterial activity (IgA, IgG, IgM, lysozyme and lactoferrin) or reflecting the degree of bronchial inflammation (serumalbumin and alpha 1-antitrypsin) were determined by immunological methods. In the presence of severe superinfection (11 cases out of 17), the concentrations of antibacterial activity proteins are unchanged. On the other hand, the bronchial superinfection is accompanied by a marked local inflammation. In sputa, the increased concentrations of serum-derived proteins are closely correlated to the severity of the disease. This study confirms the importance of bronchial inflammation in CF.
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PMID:[Proteins of bronchial secretions in mucoviscidosis. Role of infection]. 660 74

Epidermal mononuclear cell infiltrate from three patients with pagetoid reticulosis was examined for the presence of the cytoplasmic markers lysozyme, alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, using specific antisera and a peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. Many of the infiltrating cells possessed these markers, indicating that they belonged to the monocyte-macrophage-histiocyte series.
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PMID:Pagetoid reticulosis. Histiocyte marker studies. 660 35

Immune reactions elicited in the sera of individuals exposed to nickel and cobalt were assessed by changes in the concentration of serum immunoglobulins IgG, IgA and IgM and serum proteins alpha 2 macroglobulin (A2M), transferrin (TRF), alpha 1-antitrypsin (A1AT), ceruloplasmin (CPL) and lysozyme (LYS). Examinations were carried out in workers occupationally exposed to Ni (38 individuals) or Co (35 individuals) and in groups of non-occupationally exposed children living in areas with a different degree of air pollution from a nearby source of Ni and Co emissions (one group was made up of 54 exposed children, the other one of 64 "less exposed" children of the same age). Groups of non-exposed controls were represented by a group of 42 male adults matched by age and by a group of 48 children from a non-polluted area. Significantly increased average values were obtained for IgG, IgA and IgM in group of workers exposed to Ni, for IgA in workers exposed to Co and for A1AT, A2M, CPL and LYS in both groups of occupationally exposed adults (p less than 0.001 - p less than 0.005). Among non-occupationally exposed children the group of the most exposed had significantly elevated average values for A2M and A1AT which were higher than those recorded in groups of "less exposed" and control children (p less than 0.02 and p less than 0.05, respectively). The biomedical importance of these findings is discussed in detail.
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PMID:Immuno-biochemical findings in groups of individuals occupationally and non-occupationally exposed to emissions containing nickel and cobalt. 666 71


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