Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We present a case report of osteoclast-type giant cell tumor of the pancreas and review the literature concerning this rare neoplasm, the histogenesis of which is uncertain. Electron microscopic features have suggested stromal, histiocytic, and epithelial origins to different investigators. Analysis of the present case supports and epithelial origin, with positive immunocytochemical staining for carcinoembryonic antigen and for low molecular weight keratin in the mononuclear and in some osteoclastlike giant cells. These tumor cells did not stain for mesenchymal markers (lysozyme, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, S100 protein). Zymogen granules, desmosomes, and zonulae occludentes were identified ultrastructurally and further support an epithelial derivation.
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PMID:The osteoclast-type giant cell tumor of the pancreas. 243 51

The nature of the stromal cells in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded material from 23 cerebellar haemangioblastomas was investigated using antisera to intermediate filaments (glial fibrillary acidic protein, vimentin and desmin), histiocytic markers (alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and lysozyme), glycolytic enzymes (alpha and gamma enolase and aldolase C4) and the endothelial markers, factor VIII related antigen and Ulex europaeus I lectin. Most stromal cells stained positively for vimentin and the glycolytic enzymes. Occasional process-bearing cells within the stroma stained strongly for glial fibrillary acidic protein, alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. No stromal cell staining for desmin, lysozyme or the endothelial markers was observed, although the latter stained the vascular endothelium within all neoplasms. The findings do not support previous suggestions of an endothelial or histiocytic origin for the stromal cells. They appear to be a heterogeneous population including entrapped reactive astrocytes and locally-derived non-angiogenic cells of neuroectodermal (pial) origin.
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PMID:Stromal cells in cerebellar haemangioblastomas: an immunocytochemical study. 245 34

In 166 bronchial secretions from 63 children with chronic nontuberculous lung diseases lysozyme, transferrin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, haptoglobin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein were estimated. In patients with hard bronchoscopic or bronchographic alterations a reduction of lysozyme, alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin could be found. These proteins were measured more frequently in cases with dark altered mucosa. Moreover no relation could be found between transferrin, alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin and the outbreak of the diseases. -In bacterial contaminated secretions transferrin could be demonstrated more frequently in comparison with sterile bronchial secretions.
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PMID:[Comparative studies of bronchial secretions in children with chronic, nontuberculous lung diseases. 3. The detection of lysozyme, transferrin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, haptoglobin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein]. 246 Oct 66

Renal disease is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with plasma cell dyscrasia (PCD). We have conducted a systematic study of the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded renal tissues from 53 patients with plasma cell dyscrasia, 24 of whom had Bence Jones cast nephropathy (with large casts, often associated with giant cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes). A battery of 5 immunocytochemical and lectin markers for various segments of the nephron was used [Tetragonolobus lotus, Arachis hypogaea (AH), Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and cytokeratin (AE1/AE3)]. In particular, we sought to determine the nature of the intratubular multinucleated giant cells in Bence Jones myeloma cast nephropathy with a variety of epithelial and hematopoietic cell markers. Although tubular epithelial cells stain with their respective markers (whether inflamed, thinned, detached, or adjacent to and lining casts), true intratubular giant cells in PCD were never positive for these tubular markers. In approximately one-third of the cases studied, intratubular and extratubular giant cells stained for several of the seven hematopoietic cell markers employed [i.e., alpha 1-antitrypsin (A1AT), alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (A1ACT), vimentin, and lysozyme], suggesting that giant cells are of hematopoietic origin. The majority of the casts are present in the distal nephron, although some casts were noted in more proximal sites of the nephron. Some larger casts did not stain for THP; smaller casts often showed lamination or stratification of THP staining. Finally, in one-half of the cases, Tamm Horsfall protein (THP) and other distal tubular markers (AH, EMA, AE1/AE3) were found in Bowman's space, almost always in association with interstitial deposits of THP; these markers were virtually never noted in Bowman's spaces of PCD patients without numerous large casts. This suggests that there are communications between distal and proximal nephron, most likely by intraluminal reflux but possibly also through breaks in the tubules and via the interstitium.
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PMID:Myeloma cast nephropathy: immunohistochemical and lectin studies. 246 87

The nature of hyaline bodies (HB) in Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) has been investigated by electron microscopy (EM) and immunohistochemical methods. Paraffin sections from 45 cases of KS selected on the basis of their high content of HB were challenged with antisera against factor VIIIR:Ag, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), alpha 1-antitrypsin (A1AT), fibrinogen, hemoglobin, alpha-actin and lysozyme. HB showed positivity for all the antibodies except for the last two. By EM, HB showed features consistent with red blood cell, fibrin and platelet phagocytosis. Therefore, HB in KS are considered to be the expression of an indiscriminate process of phagocytosis which involves not only erythrocytes and platelets, but also other substances such as fibrinogen, factor VIIIR:Ag, A1AT, CEA and AFP.
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PMID:Hyaline bodies in Kaposi's sarcoma: an immunocytochemical and ultrastructural study. 253 47

The terminal step in the maturation of mononuclear cells from circulating monocytes to resident macrophages is accompanied by dramatic changes in cell morphology and physiology. Applying a cultivation system which allows peripheral monocytes to undergo terminal maturation in vitro under absolutely endotoxin-free conditions, we have determined the pattern of expression of a set of eight genes by mRNA phenotyping. The results can be summarized as follows: the two protease inhibitors alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin show a inverse pattern of expression. alpha 1-Antitrypsin mRNA is repressed, alpha 2-macroglobulin mRNA is strongly induced during maturation to macrophages. Therefore, these two genes are excellent markers of the terminal maturation. In addition, ferritin-light-chain mRNA progressively increases during the course of differentiation, providing a further marker for maturation. Gene expression as a function of activation was studied in mononuclear cells stimulated with bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide). In monocytes, complement-factor-B, interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 mRNAs are drastically induced upon lipopolysaccharide activation whereas lysozyme RNA is strongly repressed. However, the ability of all four genes to respond to endotoxin was markedly diminished or abolished in mature macrophages, indicating that susceptibility to a certain type of activation may be restricted to a specific stage of maturation. Our data show that mRNA phenotyping is excellently suited for the characterization of the differentiation and activation state of mononuclear phagocytes.
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PMID:Characterization of mononuclear-phagocyte terminal maturation by mRNA phenotyping using a set of cloned cDNA probes. 258 84

Two types of multinucleated giant cells were observed in periapical granulomas--the foreign body type and the Touton type. In the Touton type, the nuclei were near the center of the cell, surrounded by foamy cytoplasm. Both types of giant cells reacted positively to lysozyme, alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, indicating their histiocytic origin.
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PMID:Touton-like giant cells in periapical granulomas. 260 92

The distribution of ferritin in 36 autopsy cases of malignant histiocytosis was investigated by immunocytochemical staining, together with the detection of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, lysozyme, S-100 protein, and ricinus communis agglutinin in the consecutive sections. The results showed that ferritin-positive tumor cells were present in every case. The quantity of cellular ferritin in well-differentiated histiocytes was higher than that in atypical histiocytes. Double labeling showed that ferritin and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin might be located either in one tumor cell or in separate cells. Our data suggest that ferritin may be a tumor associated antigen in malignant histiocytosis, playing a regulatory role for tumor cell differentiation.
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PMID:An immunocytochemical study on the distribution of ferritin and other markers in 36 cases of malignant histiocytosis. 267 Jan 86

Previous studies indicated decreased numbers and depressed clearance function of hepatic macrophages in alcoholic liver disease (ALD). We examined hepatic macrophages by immunohistochemical techniques in 45 liver biopsies from patients with a spectrum of ALD and compared them with 20 histologically normal biopsies from non-alcoholic patients. Antisera against lysozyme, alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) and a cytoplasmic molecule on macrophages (MAC-387) were used and the number of positively staining hepatic sinusoidal macrophages and portal tract macrophages assessed separately. Portal tract macrophage numbers were increased with all three markers in biopsies exhibiting only fatty change (P less than 0.05) and with MAC-387 in all ALD groups. In agreement with previous studies, lysozyme positive hepatic sinusoidal macrophages were decreased in all ALD groups. However, the other markers did not show any significant decrease and MAC-387 positive macrophages were increased in livers with cirrhosis plus hepatitis (P less than 0.01). The use of three markers revealed phenotypic heterogeneity of hepatic macrophages with antibodies to lysozyme and alpha 1 AT staining more hepatic sinusoidal macrophages than MAC-387, but MAC-387 and anti-lysozyme staining more portal tract macrophages than anti-alpha 1AT. Since hepatic macrophages appear to be heterogeneous and capable of diverse functions including the release of cytotoxic mediators, the finding of increased numbers, even in early ALD, suggests they may contribute to the increased numbers, even in early ALD, suggests they may contribute to the tissue damage.
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PMID:Portal tract macrophages are increased in alcoholic liver disease. 278 81

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is among the most common soft tissue sarcomas of adult life, but rarely occurs elsewhere. We report an example of primary MFH of the lung and review 15 previously reported acceptable cases with current follow-up information. Histologically, the tumor in our case was pleomorphic with storiform and fascicular areas. Tumor cells showed positive immunostaining for alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, and vimentin. Stains for desmin, cytokeratin, myoglobin, epithelial membrane antigen, S-100 protein, and lysozyme were negative. Electron microscopic study showed histiocyte-like, fibroblast-like, intermediate, and undifferentiated tumor cells. A variety of methods were used to treat these patients. Two patients survived for 5 or more years, two were alive and well at 8 and 12 months, respectively, two were alive with metastatic tumor at 3 and 18 months, respectively, and ten patients died of tumor, with an average survival of 1 year.
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PMID:Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the lung. 282 58


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