Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Since the first description of an aneurysmal bone cyst in 1942, the pathogenesis of this tumor-like lesion has been controversial. Aspects of interest for elucidating the nature of this lesion include the cellular linings of the aneurysmal cavity systems as well as the character and cellular composition of the stromal septa. To clarify these features, seven aneurysmal bone cysts were studied electron microscopically and immunocytochemically with endothelial (Factor VIII-related antigen, monoclonal endothelial marker) and histiocytic (alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, lysozyme, acid phosphatase) markers. Both immunocytochemical and electron microscopic examination revealed that the aneurysmal cavernous spaces have no endothelial lining but are delimited by fibroblasts and histiocytic cell forms at varying stages of differentiation. These cell forms are also the main component of the mononuclear stroma cells of the septa between the aneurysmal cavities. From these findings it is concluded that the aneurysmal cavities are not vascular. The sinusoidal septal capillaries might play a special role in their pathogenesis. Due to the lack of basal membrane structures, rupture of the wall gives rise to erythrocyte extravasates, which can undergo secondary transformation into cysts.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical markers (endothelial and histiocytic) and ultrastructure of primary aneurysmal bone cysts. 308 Mar 64

Familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FEL), a rare, rapidly fatal childhood disease, is characterized by fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, and widely disseminated lymphohistiocytic infiltrates with prominent erythrophagocytosis. Immunophenotypic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural studies of two siblings with FEL were performed in an effort to determine the nature of the proliferating histiocyte of FEL. These studies demonstrated that the FEL histiocytes lack S-100 protein, T6, and Birbeck granules, which are found in Langerhans and interdigitating dendritic cells. The FEL histiocytes express alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, Leu-M3, HLA-DR, and, variably, lysozyme and Leu-M1. Thus, the proliferating histiocyte of FEL is a member of the mononuclear phagocytic system and has a phenotype similar to that of the histiocytes that normally populate the sinuses of benign and reactive lymph nodes. These studies suggest that FEL may represent uncontrolled proliferation of sinusoidal histiocytes.
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PMID:Familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: immunophenotypic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural demonstration of the relation to sinus histiocytes. 308 Mar 65

Solitary mastocytoma (mast cell naevus) of the skin represents a relatively rare dermal tumour. Its occurrence on the lower eyelid is exceptional. We report the case of a 4 month old male infant who exhibited a firm, yellowish nodule (1 cm in maximum diameter) on the lower lid of the right eye from birth. Histologically, the tumour consisted of strongly metachromatic tissue mast cells (TMC) infiltrating the whole dermis, the adjacent subcutaneous tissue and the lid muscle. Since comparable skin lesions in other sites were not observed, a diagnosis of solitary mastocytoma was made. Immunocytological investigations revealed strong reactivity of the TMC to antisera against vimentin, common leucocyte antigen (CLA), alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (alpha 1-ACT). A minor proportion of the TMC reacted to antisera against lysozyme and KiB3. Surprisingly, the TMC also reacted to antisera against certain regulatory peptides (RP), namely adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI), leu-enkephalin and met-enkephalin. However, absorption controls revealed that the immunostaining for ACTH and the two enkephalins was non-specific. The immunocytological phenotype of TMC suggests a close relationship to the myeloid-monocytic lineage, but a possible relationship between TMC and the diffuse neuroendocrine system needs further investigation.
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PMID:Solitary mastocytoma of the eyelid. A case report with special reference to the immunocytology of human tissue mast cells, and a review of the literature. 312 Apr 1

Immunoreactivity of human tissue mast cells (TMCs) was studied in one case of solitary mastocytoma of the skin, three cases of malignant mastocytosis, and in six lymph nodes with reactive intrasinusoidal increase of TMCs. Immunohistochemically, TMCs reacted positively to antisera against vimentin, common leukocyte antigen (CLA), lysozyme, alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT), and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (alpha 1-ACT) and to a monoclonal antibody (KiB3) that detects preferentially B-lymphocytes. Additionally, strong positive reactions to polyclonal antisera against adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and human peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) and weaker reactions to antisera against leu-enkephalin and met-enkephalin were observed; all other antisera tested yielded negative results. Positive stainings for vimentin, CLA, alpha 1-AT, alpha 1-ACT, and lysozyme further support the hypothesis that human TMCs may be related to the myeloid-monocytic system. The positive reactivity of TMCs to antisera against ACTH, PHI, leu-enkephalin, and met-enkephalin has not been reported previously. These findings suggest that TMCs are able to store and/or produce regulatory peptides in addition to many other well-known, granule-bound mediators.
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PMID:Immunoreactivity of normal and neoplastic human tissue mast cells. 312 43

Regression of hyaline membrane disease was studied with light and electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry using the factor VIII-related antigen, lysozyme, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and surfactant apoprotein antisera, and biochemical quantitation of surfactant disaturated phosphatidylcholine. The repair of hyaline membrane disease occurred by two processes; expansion of atelectatic alveoli and absorption of the hyaline membrane. Regenerative type II pneumocytes containing numerous organelles and lamellar inclusion bodies could be seen three days following birth. Disaturated phosphatidylcholine content also increased three days after birth. Absorption of the hyaline membrane occurred on part of several types of cells such as intra-alveolar macrophages and spindle-shaped cells appearing below or above the hyaline membrane. Intra-alveolar macrophages showed positive immunoreactivity with lysozyme and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin antisera. The spindle-shaped cells indicated negative immunoreactivity with these antisera, though some of them showed positive immunoreactivity with surfactant apoprotein or factor VIII-related antigen antisera. It thus appears that cells of different origin may possibly participate in the absorption of hyaline membrane.
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PMID:Regenerative process of hyaline membrane disease. Electron microscopic, immunohistochemical, and biochemical study. 313 76

Focally aggregated epithelioid cells and granulomatous epithelioid cell reactions of different genesis were investigated immunohistochemically by means of PAP method according to Sternberger. We studied the presence of histiocytic markers lysozyme and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, the content of albumin and of immunoglobulins and the question of immunophagocytosis and the presence of fibronectin. Various forms of activation of epithelioid cells as well as histiocytes and Langhans giant cells were found thereby. In the former, a phagocytosis could never be demonstrated, whereas this was true in histiocytes and giant cells. Fibronectin was not found in epithelioid cells. The findings suggest that epithelioid cells are a specific form of reaction of histiocytic elements. Thus they are a special reaction of MPS in a multiple causal genesis and a morphogenesis according to its own characteristics within a hypersensitivity reaction of a delayed type. Epithelioid cells modulate the immune response and in this way the tissue reaction.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical characterization of epithelioid cells]. 313 11

We used immunohistochemistry to evaluate four cytologically malignant cutaneous neoplasms on the face or neck of elderly individuals. All four lesions were composed of a dermal proliferation of spindle and pleomorphic giant cells. Differential diagnosis included spindle cell carcinoma, atypical fibroxanthoma, malignant melanoma, leiomyosarcoma, and angiosarcoma. All four neoplasms were strongly immunoreactive for vimentin and negative for cytokeratin, S100 protein, desmin, and factor-VIII-related antigen. Focal immunoreactivity for lysozyme and/or a1-antichymotrypsin was seen in the giant cells of each lesion. These results supported the diagnosis of atypical fibroxanthoma in each instance. Immunohistochemical staining can provide useful information for distinguishing among malignant cutaneous spindle cell tumors.
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PMID:Immunohistochemistry: a useful adjunct in the evaluation of malignant cutaneous spindle cell tumors. 320 Dec 97

Antisera to alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, alpha 1-antitrypsin and lysozyme were reacted with 20 cases of glioblastoma multiforme, seven anaplastic astrocytomas, eight astrocytomas, six oligodendrogliomas, four ependymomas and the cerebral cortex from six normal autopsy brains. In addition, two pleomorphic xantho-astrocytomas and two heavily lipidized malignant gliomas were similarly examined. All astrocytic lesions were confirmed with anti-GFAP antisera. Thirty astrocytic tumours (77%), four oligodendrogliomas (67%) and three ependymomas (75%) reacted positively with anti-alpha 1-antichymotrypsin; 25 astrocytic tumours (64%), three oligodendrogliomas (50%) and three ependymomas (75%) showed positive staining for alpha 1-antitrypsin. The pattern of staining with either of these two markers did not correlate with tumour grading. None of the gliomas examined stained positively with anti-lysozyme. Non-neoplastic glial elements did not react with any of the three antisera. The results of this study suggest that staining for alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and alpha 1-antitrypsin is of little value in the differential diagnosis of neuroepithelial or mesenchymal lesions in the brain.
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PMID:Immunostaining for alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and alpha 1-antitrypsin in gliomas. 326 3

Clinical, radiological and morphological findings in the case of a 79-year-old patient with a primary malignant histiocytosis of the brain are reported. The tumor was exclusively situated in the brain as proven by autopsy and was spreading on the inside of the lateral ventricles. The demonstration of atypical histiocytic cells in the CSF and the immunohistochemical demonstration of lysozyme, alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin which are typical for histiocytes, underline the histiocytic origin of the tumor.
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PMID:Primary malignant histiocytosis of the brain: a clinical, radiological and morphological study with cytological and immunohistochemical demonstration of atypical histiocytes. 330 64

Systemic mastocytosis (SM) can be regarded as a tumorous proliferation of tissue mast cells (TMC) involving various organs, particularly the bone marrow. The infiltrates, however, are by no means composed exclusively of TMC, but also contain eosinophils and lymphocytes. The varying composition of the TMC infiltrates and the immunohistological characteristics of the lymphatic cells were the main subjects of investigation in this study. Three different types of bone marrow infiltrates could be identified: (1) A pure mastocytic infiltrate. (2) A mixed mastocytic/lymphocytic infiltrate. (3) A predominantly lymphocytic infiltrate containing loosely-scattered TMC. The mixed mastocytic/lymphocytic infiltrate seems to be a unique finding confined to the bone marrow in cases of SM, and is not detected in this conformation in other tissue sites normally involved in SM (spleen, liver, lymph nodes and skin), nor in cases of malignant mastocytosis. The lymphoid cells could be identified immunohistologically as being an admixture of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes, while NK cells were virtually absent from the composite nodules. The TMC reacted strongly with antibodies (monoclonal or polyclonal) against vimentin, common leucocyte antigen, lysozyme, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and alpha 1-antitrypsin, but were negative with a variety of other antibodies tested (UCHL1, MB1, Ki-B3, Leu-7, KL1, desmin, S-100 protein, F VIII-related antigen and chromogranin A).
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PMID:Lymphoid cells and tissue mast cells of bone marrow lesions in systemic mastocytosis: a histological and immunohistological study. 340 82


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