Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of the present work was to characterize the infiltrating cells in fungal diseases of the skin by using immunohistochemical methods. The lesions of superficial mycosis were characterized by a increase in the number of Langerhans cells (OKT6, HLADR+). In the upper dermis more OKT4 cells stained than OKT8, and in the deeper dermis the was a more decreased ratio of OKT4+/OKT8+ cells. On the other hand, the granulomatous reactions of deep mycosis mainly consisted of cells that were labeled positively for lysozyme and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. In cases with secondary or local immunodeficiency, however, the infiltrating cells wer negative for these enzymes.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical studies in fungal diseases of skin]. 253 63

Immunohistochemical study of giant cell tumor of bone (GCT) was carried out utilizing a panel of monoclonal antibodies including those against lysozyme, alpha-antichymotrypsin (AACT), vimentin (Vim), M718, HLA-DR, S-100 protein, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), leukocyte common antigen (LCA), KB90, factor VIII related antigen (F VIII) against stromal cells and giant cells in 20 cases of GCT, with one case of prolonged continuously cultured cells GCT (GT 15). The results showed that stromal cells could be divided into two subgroups. Mesenchymal stromal cells labelled only with vimentin and were regarded as being derived from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells of bone marrow, while macrophage-like stromal cells labelled with antigens and were found to be present in mononuclear phagocytes. We believe this to be the first report that some stromal cells reacted positively with S-100 protein. Multinucleated giant cells were AACT and M718 positive, indicating their close relationship to macrophage-like stromal cells. The prolonged cultured cells accepted labelling with vimentin only indicating that all macrophage-like stromal cells disappeared after several subcultures and the only cells that could continue to be subcultured were the mesenchymal stromal cells.
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PMID:Giant cell tumors of bone. An immunohistochemical study. 260 17

Two types of multinucleated giant cells were observed in periapical granulomas--the foreign body type and the Touton type. In the Touton type, the nuclei were near the center of the cell, surrounded by foamy cytoplasm. Both types of giant cells reacted positively to lysozyme, alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, indicating their histiocytic origin.
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PMID:Touton-like giant cells in periapical granulomas. 260 92

The distribution of ferritin in 36 autopsy cases of malignant histiocytosis was investigated by immunocytochemical staining, together with the detection of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, lysozyme, S-100 protein, and ricinus communis agglutinin in the consecutive sections. The results showed that ferritin-positive tumor cells were present in every case. The quantity of cellular ferritin in well-differentiated histiocytes was higher than that in atypical histiocytes. Double labeling showed that ferritin and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin might be located either in one tumor cell or in separate cells. Our data suggest that ferritin may be a tumor associated antigen in malignant histiocytosis, playing a regulatory role for tumor cell differentiation.
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PMID:An immunocytochemical study on the distribution of ferritin and other markers in 36 cases of malignant histiocytosis. 267 Jan 86

The expression of macrophage antigens KP1, Mac, lysozyme, and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin was investigated on routine paraffin sections from 17 cases of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH). All the major clinical forms were represented, including single lesions and monosystemic and multisystemic disease. In all the cases, a variable fraction (3-35%) of LCH cells was immunoreactive with KP1 and anti-Mac; the staining pattern was quite typical because the immunoreaction product was often confined to the perinuclear space and the Golgi area. LCH cells containing lysozyme and AACT were detected less frequently; however, in positive cases the percentage of LCH cells immunoreactive for lysozyme and AACT was in the same range as that of KP1-positive cells. On immunostained cytosmears (one case), about 10% of the CD1a-positive cell population was reactive for the macrophage antigens CD14 and PAM-1. No association was noted between the number of KP1-positive cells and the clinical form and/or anatomic site of the lesion. Phagocytic macrophages were significantly and diffusely immunoreactive with KP1 and anti-Mac and for AACT and lysozyme. Multinucleated giant cells with irregular nuclei were frequently observed; these cells were rarely S-100 positive, were consistently stained by KP1 and AACT, and were occasionally anti-Mac positive. The authors' findings suggest that antimacrophage monoclonals, in conjunction with S-100 protein, may represent a useful tool to establish the diagnosis of LCH in paraffin-embedded material.
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PMID:Expression of macrophage-associated antigens in tissues involved by Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (histiocytosis X). 278 88

Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 26 malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFH) and 61 benign fibrohistiocytic proliferations (BFHP) were evaluated immunohistochemically. An avidinbiotin-peroxidase technique was used to determine immunoreactivity for alpha-1 antichymotrypsin, muramidase, HLA-DR, leucocyte common antigen, S-100 protein, vimentin, desmin, and keratin. MFHs were consistently positive for ACT and vimentin and inconsistently reactive for the other antigens. MFHs were negative for LCA suggesting a mesenchymal origin for these lesions. In the MFH histologic subtypes, antigen expression was not significantly different to be useful in their classification. Also no distinctive pattern emerged relative to immunoreactivity and tumor location. The benign lesions, giant cell tumor of tendon sheath, dermatofibroma, and oral benign fibrous histiocytoma differed from the MFHs in that they were often LCA positive, suggesting origin from hematopoetic mononuclear-macrophages. The immunoprofiles of peripheral fibromas and "giant cell" fibromas were felt to be consistent with origin from mesenchymal cells. Several of the antigens studied could be used to differentiate the benign lesions studied from other benign neoplasms. The antigens were, however, of little value in separation of benign and malignant lesions.
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PMID:Immunoprofile of benign and malignant fibrohistiocytic tumors. 282 Dec 12

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is among the most common soft tissue sarcomas of adult life, but rarely occurs elsewhere. We report an example of primary MFH of the lung and review 15 previously reported acceptable cases with current follow-up information. Histologically, the tumor in our case was pleomorphic with storiform and fascicular areas. Tumor cells showed positive immunostaining for alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, and vimentin. Stains for desmin, cytokeratin, myoglobin, epithelial membrane antigen, S-100 protein, and lysozyme were negative. Electron microscopic study showed histiocyte-like, fibroblast-like, intermediate, and undifferentiated tumor cells. A variety of methods were used to treat these patients. Two patients survived for 5 or more years, two were alive and well at 8 and 12 months, respectively, two were alive with metastatic tumor at 3 and 18 months, respectively, and ten patients died of tumor, with an average survival of 1 year.
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PMID:Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the lung. 282 58

Immunohistochemical examinations were performed using five kinds of histiocytic markers [S100 protein, lysozyme, non-specific cross reacting antigen with carcinoembryonic antigen (NCA), alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (alpha 1-ACT) and alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT)] in biopsied tissues from histiocytosis X, juvenile xanthogranuloma, xanthoma tuberosum, xanthoma disseminatum, reticulohistiocytic granuloma and multicentric reticulohistiocytoma, all of which have been classified as histiocytic proliferative disorders. Our results suggested that xanthomatous lesions of the skin to be composed of the histiocytic proliferation of two different cell lineages, i.e. S100+lyso-NCA- T-zone histiocytes and S100-lyso+NCA+ tissue macrophages. Only lesions of histiocytosis X were composed of the former cells. It is suggested that these markers will be useful in determining the delineation of the histiocytic system on the basis of functional heterogeneity.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study on cutaneous histioproliferative lesions. 282 48

The destruction of proliferating lymphoid cells within germinal centers with subsequent replacement by histiocytoid cells has been described in infants and children dying of viral and bacterial infections. The etiology and significance of "epithelioid germinal centers" (EGCs) are unknown. The cells implicated in forming EGCs have included histiocytes and dendritic reticulum cells. We have studied four children at autopsy who died at ages ranging from 10 months to 7 years. Three contracted fatal infections, one with fulminant meningococcemia, one with bacterial sepsis, and one with viral hepatitis. The fourth child contracted viral pneumonitis and died of acetaminophen toxicity. Epithelioid germinal centers were found in numerous lymphoid organs (spleen, lymph nodes, and Peyer's patches) in all four cases. Avidin-biotin complex immunohistochemical analysis performed on formalin-fixed splenic tissue from the first three cases and snap-frozen splenic tissue from the second case revealed an absence of B cells in the follicular centers. The mantle zones surrounding follicles were thin but intact. The histiocytoid cells expanding the germinal centers were positive for S100 and R4/23 (dendritic reticulum cells) and negative for numerous histiocyte markers (alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, and lysozyme). Increased numbers of killer cells (Leu-7) were present within the affected germinal centers in the three cases in which material was available for immunohistochemical studies. Overwhelming infections in these patients seem to result in anomalous natural killer cell activation resulting in localized nonselective destruction of follicular centers similar to anomalous natural killer cell activity reported to occur in fatal infectious mononucleosis. This may lead to an acquired immunodeficiency that precludes long-term survival in affected patients.
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PMID:Epithelioid germinal centers in overwhelming childhood infections. The aftermath of nonspecific destruction of follicular B cells by natural killer cells. 284 41

Using immunohistochemical and enzyme histochemical methods, we have investigated the presence of mononuclear phagocytic cells around senile plaques in six brains from patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT). It is generally supposed that reactive microglial cells are involved in amyloid formation "as representatives of the reticuloendothelial system in the brain." We used different monoclonal antibodies directed against cells of the mononuclear phagocyte lineage, antibodies against the macrophage markers alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and lysozyme, and the lectin WGA, in addition to enzyme histochemical staining for nonspecific esterase and acid phosphatase. It was concluded that no macrophages of the mononuclear phagocyte lineage are involved in plaque formation. The role of glial cells in amyloid formation is discussed.
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PMID:Role of microglia in plaque formation in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. An immunohistochemical study. 287 57


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