Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tumor tissues from 36 autopsy cases of malignant histiocytosis were collected for studying the distribution of lysozyme (LyS), alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) and alpha 1-antitrypsin (AT) by double peroxidase anti-peroxidase staining. The positive rates of LyS, ACT and AT were 97.14%, 91.67% and 77.78% respectively. LyS was seen mainly in the well-differentiated histiocytes. No phagocytosis was found in these cells. ACT existed in some well-differentiated histiocytes in which phagocytosis was often seen. A few atypical histiocytes also showed positive reaction to ACT. AT-positive cells were mainly atypical histiocytes and atypical multinuclear-giant-histiocytes. This study not only confirms that the tumor cels of malignant histiocytosis originate from histiocytes, but also indicates that staining of LyS, ACT and AT is useful for classification and differential diagnosis of tumor cells in malignant histiocytosis.
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PMID:[Distribution of three proteinases in tumor cells of malignant histiocytosis]. 227 8

Recent evidence suggests that the proliferative cells of idiopathic histiocytosis may be derived from Langerhans cells. In this study, antisera to S-100 protein, HLA-DR (la-like) antigen, muramidase, and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin were tested on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from nine cases of idiopathic histiocytosis using an immunoperoxidase technique. Tumor cells were positive for S-100 protein and HLA-DR antigen but negative for muramidase and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. Mononuclear phagocytes were positive for HLA-DR antigen, muramidase, and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin but negative for S-100 protein. The immunohistochemical staining pattern of the tumor cells in these cases of idiopathic histiocytosis is similar to that seen for normal Langerhans cells. When these results are coupled with electron microscopic and histochemical data, it would appear that the origin of cells in idiopathic histiocytosis is from the Langerhans cell or its precursor. Thus, this condition might be better designated "Langerhans cell disease."
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study of idiopathic histiocytosis of the mandible and maxilla. 241 99

The presence of various proteins (mostly serum proteins) has been investigated in the chorionic villi of human placentas in the first term of gestation. The peroxidase-antiperoxidase method was employed. In normal chorionic tissue, i.e. obtained from therapeutic abortions, a positive staining for alpha 1-antitrypsin (A1AT), alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (A1AC), albumin and IgG was observed in syncytiotrophoblast but not in cytotrophoblast. Staining for other proteins, including fibrinogen, antithrombin III (AT III), lysozyme, ferritin, orosomucoid, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), IgA, IgM and alpha 2-macroglobulin (A2M), was always negative in the trophoblast. Similar results were obtained in only a few cases of tissue obtained from spontaneous abortions which occurred during the first term of pregnancy. In the majority of spontaneous abortions a different immunohistochemical pattern was observed. The syncytiotrophoblast was immunonegative in the majority of cases, especially for albumin, whereas the cytotrophoblast showed a positive (although variable) reaction to A1AT, A1AC, albumin, IgG and orosomucoid antibodies. There is no evidence to indicate whether these differences are the cause or the secondary result of the spontaneous abortions, but we can hypothesize that they reflect an alteration of pinocytic functions of the trophoblast during the spontaneous abortions.
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PMID:Serum proteins in human chorionic villi in the first trimester of pregnancy. An immunohistochemical study on normal tissue and tissue obtained from spontaneous abortions. 243 Aug 43

We present a case report of osteoclast-type giant cell tumor of the pancreas and review the literature concerning this rare neoplasm, the histogenesis of which is uncertain. Electron microscopic features have suggested stromal, histiocytic, and epithelial origins to different investigators. Analysis of the present case supports and epithelial origin, with positive immunocytochemical staining for carcinoembryonic antigen and for low molecular weight keratin in the mononuclear and in some osteoclastlike giant cells. These tumor cells did not stain for mesenchymal markers (lysozyme, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, S100 protein). Zymogen granules, desmosomes, and zonulae occludentes were identified ultrastructurally and further support an epithelial derivation.
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PMID:The osteoclast-type giant cell tumor of the pancreas. 243 51

Ten cases of "undifferentiated" large-cell tumors were ultrastructurally characterized by cells with abundant filiform cytoplasmic projections without intercellular junctions. These cases were studied by means of the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) technique applied to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections using antibodies against high- and low-molecular weight keratins (Ker), vimentin (Vi), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), S-100 protein, leucocyte common antigen (LCA), kappa (K) and lambda (L) light chains, Leu-M1, lysozyme (Ly), alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) and alpha-1 antichymotrypsin (A1ACT). All 10 cases were negative for Ker and EMA but positive for Vi. S-100 was present only in scattered dendritic cells. LCA was identified in seven cases. In the three LCA-negative cases, two stained for Leu-M1, and one of these also showed intracytoplasmic L; one was negative for all markers but Vi. None of the tumors showed any significant staining for Ly, A1AT, or A1ACT. Our findings indicate that these tumors are nonepithelial and nonneuroectodermal, and that they are best classified as non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The possibility that some of the filiform large-cell lymphomas may be derived from dendritic reticular cells cannot be excluded.
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PMID:Filiform large-cell lymphomas. An ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study. 243 14

The histogenesis of alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) has been investigated since its description. Twenty ASPS cases were analyzed for immunohistochemical content, with emphasis directed toward the paraganglial, Schwann cell, and muscle theories of histogenesis. In addition, the cases were examined for possible prognostic clinical features. The clinical characteristics of the patients were similar to those reported previously concerning average age (23 years); male:female ratio (1:1); and predominant primary site (lower extremity, nine cases). Despite a local recurrence rate of 20% and a metastatic rate of 68% (including four at presentation), the natural history was often indolent and relapse commonly occurred very late. The average follow-up period was 10.1 years. While the overall 5-year survival was 67%, only seven of 18 patients were alive without disease at last follow-up (1.7-32 years), and one patient died of tumor after a 28-year disease-free interval. Neither tumor size nor site appeared to affect prognosis. The tumors were analyzed immunohistochemically for neurofilament, S-100 protein, met-enkephalin, leu-enkephalin, acetylcholinesterase, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, Factor VIII-related antigen, serotonin, lysozyme, neuron-specific enolase, myoglobin, cytokeratins, desmin, and vimentin. Except for weak vimentin immunoreactivity, no other antigenic expression was detected despite multiple repeated experiments with several antibodies. S-100 protein which is present in virtually all granular cell tumors was absent in the cases of ASPS. The lack of detectable expression of neurofilament, met-enkephalin and leu-enkephalin, and neuron-specific enolase is interpreted as evidence against the paraganglial theory of histogenesis. Similarly, the repeated absence of the muscle proteins, desmin and myoglobin, in contrast to a previous report, is interpreted as evidence against a myogenic origin.
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PMID:Alveolar soft part sarcoma. A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study. 243 29

Twenty chordomas from 20 patients, including 17 nonchondroid and three chondroid types, were studied with a variety of antibodies directed against cytokeratin (AE-1/3), epithelial membrane antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, S100 protein, vimentin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, and lysozyme. All 17 nonchondroid chordomas stained for cytokeratin, and most (16) stained for epithelial membrane antigen. In contrast, two chondroid chordomas failed to stain for either cytokeratin or epithelial membrane antigen, while one of them did stain for both antigens. Sixteen of the 20 chordomas (80%) stained for S100 protein, including all three chondroid chordomas. Vimentin was found in six (30%), and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin in 16 chordomas (80%). Carcinoembryonic antigen and lysozyme were each found in two specimens (10%). While these findings basically agree with the immunohistochemical studies of other investigators, there are a few discrepancies. Most significant is the lack of epithelial markers in two of three chondroid chordomas located at the base of the skull. Possible reasons for the discrepancies are discussed.
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PMID:Chordoma. An immunohistochemical study of 20 cases. 245

The nature of the stromal cells in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded material from 23 cerebellar haemangioblastomas was investigated using antisera to intermediate filaments (glial fibrillary acidic protein, vimentin and desmin), histiocytic markers (alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and lysozyme), glycolytic enzymes (alpha and gamma enolase and aldolase C4) and the endothelial markers, factor VIII related antigen and Ulex europaeus I lectin. Most stromal cells stained positively for vimentin and the glycolytic enzymes. Occasional process-bearing cells within the stroma stained strongly for glial fibrillary acidic protein, alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. No stromal cell staining for desmin, lysozyme or the endothelial markers was observed, although the latter stained the vascular endothelium within all neoplasms. The findings do not support previous suggestions of an endothelial or histiocytic origin for the stromal cells. They appear to be a heterogeneous population including entrapped reactive astrocytes and locally-derived non-angiogenic cells of neuroectodermal (pial) origin.
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PMID:Stromal cells in cerebellar haemangioblastomas: an immunocytochemical study. 245 34

Proteolytic enzymes were tested for improving histochemical localization of tissue antigens. Sections, 2-4 micron in thickness, were prepared on sodium-silicate coated slides from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human biopsies. A modification of the Sternberger technique (PAP) and the indirect immunofluorescence method were used for the localization of 15 various antigens: heavy chain immunoglobulins, light chain immunoglobulins, alpha 1-fetoprotein, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, myoglobin, fibronectin, factor VIII (ass. ag), fibrinogen, lysozyme and cytokeratin. The ability of different proteolytic enzymes (trypsin, pronase, pepsin) to unmask antigen in formalin-fixed sections were tested by variation of concentration, incubation time, temperature and pH. Although proteolytic unmasking to some extent is reliable, good restoration of antigenicity is not always possible. Best results were obtained with pronase E (Serva, FRG).
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PMID:[The proteolytic pretreatment of formalin-fixed tissue in immunohistochemical diagnosis]. 245 12

Renal disease is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with plasma cell dyscrasia (PCD). We have conducted a systematic study of the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded renal tissues from 53 patients with plasma cell dyscrasia, 24 of whom had Bence Jones cast nephropathy (with large casts, often associated with giant cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes). A battery of 5 immunocytochemical and lectin markers for various segments of the nephron was used [Tetragonolobus lotus, Arachis hypogaea (AH), Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and cytokeratin (AE1/AE3)]. In particular, we sought to determine the nature of the intratubular multinucleated giant cells in Bence Jones myeloma cast nephropathy with a variety of epithelial and hematopoietic cell markers. Although tubular epithelial cells stain with their respective markers (whether inflamed, thinned, detached, or adjacent to and lining casts), true intratubular giant cells in PCD were never positive for these tubular markers. In approximately one-third of the cases studied, intratubular and extratubular giant cells stained for several of the seven hematopoietic cell markers employed [i.e., alpha 1-antitrypsin (A1AT), alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (A1ACT), vimentin, and lysozyme], suggesting that giant cells are of hematopoietic origin. The majority of the casts are present in the distal nephron, although some casts were noted in more proximal sites of the nephron. Some larger casts did not stain for THP; smaller casts often showed lamination or stratification of THP staining. Finally, in one-half of the cases, Tamm Horsfall protein (THP) and other distal tubular markers (AH, EMA, AE1/AE3) were found in Bowman's space, almost always in association with interstitial deposits of THP; these markers were virtually never noted in Bowman's spaces of PCD patients without numerous large casts. This suggests that there are communications between distal and proximal nephron, most likely by intraluminal reflux but possibly also through breaks in the tubules and via the interstitium.
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PMID:Myeloma cast nephropathy: immunohistochemical and lectin studies. 246 87


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