Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hyaline globules (HG) were detected in 51 of 54 Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) lesions (94.4%), including all four non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases of cutaneous KS in this group of cases. Thus, there was no correlation between the presence of HG and the presence or absence of AIDS, nor could we demonstrate any relationship between the presence or prominence of HG and either the histologic pattern or anatomical distribution of KS. HG were located mainly in the cytoplasm of perivascular cells, histiocytoid cells, and spindle-shaped cells and occasionally in endothelial cells lining vessels or slit-like spaces. Extracellular HG were also seen. HG stained positively with periodic acid-Schiff with and without diastase digestion and with phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin. HG were immunohistochemically negative for alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, lysozyme, and Factor VIII-related antigen, but the cells containing HG were often positive for alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and occasionally for alpha 1-antitrypsin and Factor VIII-related antigen. HG were also detected in five of six angiosarcomas, two of ten pyogenic granulomas, and seven of 32 inflammatory granulation tissues. These were immunohistochemically similar to HG in KS. Thus, HG are not specific for KS. We support the interpretation that HG are most likely digested erythrocytes.
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PMID:Hyaline globules in Kaposi's sarcoma: a light microscopic and immunohistochemical study. 171 Aug 5

The immunohistochemical detection of lysozyme, lactoferrin, a1-antichymotrypsin and a1-antitrypsin was used to investigate the marker expression and histogenesis of each one of four histologic types of 20 parotid gland pleomorphic adenomas. Moreover, 10 adult and 20 neonate parotid glands were studied. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed that tumor types 1 and 2 are nearly identical immunohistochemically while types 3 and 4 differ from one another, as well as from types 1 and 2. The markers used failed to suggest that the tumor arises from epithelial cells of any specific anatomic part of the parotid gland.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study of four histologic types of parotid gland pleomorphic adenoma. 184 91

Through histologic review of 1,766 cases with malignant lymphoma and related conditions, 35 cases (2%) were selected as probable histiocytic neoplasias. Proliferating cells in these cases had voluminous, granulated cytoplasm, and round to irregularly shaped nuclei often with bi- or multinucleated forms showing monomorphous or polymorphous proliferation accompanying small lymphocytes, plasma cells, and, less frequently, eosinophils. Cases showing proliferation of convoluted cells with numerous benign-appearing histiocytes or large cells with clear cytoplasm were excluded under a diagnosis of T-cell lymphoma. To evaluate the immunologic character of proliferating cells, immunohistochemistry using antibodies Mx-Pan B, MB-1, MT-1, UCHL-1, lysozyme, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, S-100 alpha, S-100 beta, Leu M1, epithelial membrane antigen, and Ki-1 were carried out in 23 cases. Naphthol-ASD-chloracetate reaction and toluidine blue stain were also performed. These procedures revealed that 12 cases (52%) were B-cell type, three cases (13%) T-cell type, six cases (26%) true histiocytic type, and two cases null type. Therefore, the frequency of cases with true histiocytic neoplasias among cases with malignant lymphoma and related conditions in Japan may be 0.5%.
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PMID:Histiocytic neoplasias: immunohistochemical evaluation of their frequencies among malignant lymphoma and related conditions in Japan. 186 92

Four cases of primary leiomyosarcoma of bone are presented. The histology of this rare tumour has been studied with a panel of monoclonal antibodies to the intermediate filaments desmin and vimentin, and to other markers including smooth muscle actin, myosin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, lysozyme, S-100 protein and cytokeratin. The tumour cells were uniformly positive for desmin, vimentin, and in one case for smooth muscle actin; all the other markers were negative. The findings have been compared with other spindle cell lesions of bone and with electron-microscopy of the tumours. Immunohistochemistry allows the histological diagnosis to be made without the need to resort to ultrastructural studies.
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PMID:Primary leiomyosarcoma of bone. 191

Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical studies were performed on 22 cases of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC). Incidence of XGC was 3.6% of surgically resected gallbladder diseases. All cases of XGC were associated with cholelithiasis in which cholesterol gallstones were 6 times as many as pigment ones. XGC was frequently accompanied by incarceration of gallstones. In cholecystography, two-thirds of gallbladders were not visualized. Histologically, the granulomatous lesion of XGC consisted of accumulations of foam cells, lymphocytes, variable numbers of giant cells, granulocytes and fibroblastic cells. Although there had been no established theory in relation to the origin of foam cells, it is considered that foam cells were derived from monocyte/macrophages because they reacted variably with lysozyme, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and alpha 1-antitrypsin, and almost invariably with OKM 1 and EBM 11 antibodies. Interspersed among macrophage foam cells, many T lymphocytes were identified. In terms of T cell subsets, CD 8 positive lymphocytes outnumbered CD 4 positive lymphocytes. Electron microscopy demonstrated intimate apposition of T lymphocytes to macrophages or macrophage foam cells. HLA-DR was expressed by most macrophages, macrophage foam cells and T lymphocytes. In conclusion, the results suggest that the features of XGC are those of granulomatous inflammation characterized by accumulation of macrophages, macrophage derived foam cells and activated T cells. It is suggested that delayed type hypersensitivity reaction of cell mediated immunity is operative in the pathogenesis of XGC.
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PMID:[Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical studies of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis--possible pathogenetic role of cell mediated immunity]. 202 61

Immunoreactivity of resting human heart mast cells [MCs] to a wide variety of antisera was studied in the right atrial auricles and papillary muscles of patients subjected to open heart surgery. All MCs reacted positively to antisera against leukocyte common antigen, vimentin and histamine. Some MCs positively reacted with antisera against lysozyme, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, and S-100 protein. Immunostaining pattern was similar in papillary muscle MCs and atrial MCs. There was no reaction with antisera against epithelial, tumor, neuronal, and endocrine cell antigens used in this study. Our studies displayed the existence of differences in immunoreactivity between human neoplastic and reactive MCs and heart resting mast cells. This may reflect the heterogeneity of human MCs from different anatomic sites and/or different pathological processes.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical studies on human myocardial mast cells. 207 82

The primary focus of this experiment was on the investigation of localizations of alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT), alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (alpha 1-ACT), fibronectin (FN) and lysozyme (LY) in tumor cells of experimental malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH). The induction of MFH was conducted by injecting Fischer 344 rats with 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide (4-HAQO). In 46 out of 50 rats, tumors were generated, all of which were diagnosed as MFH and classified into 5 subtypes, according to their histological properties. The presence of alpha 1-AT, alpha 1-ACT and FN in all MFH tumor cells was observed in the tumor cells of various types. Especially, fibroblast-like, histiocyte-like and Touton and/or Epulis type giant cells showed strong reactivity. However, positive reaction of LY in MHF tumor cells was very weak, or the reaction was negative. These findings are consistent with those of human MFH.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study of 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide-induced rat malignant fibrous histiocytoma. 215 61

Histochemical and immunohistochemical studies have been reported in only a few cases of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML) to date. These indicate that SHML cells belong to the macrophage/histiocyte family, but their exact origin is still unknown. We determined the antigenic phenotype of SHML cells in sections from 20 cases of routinely fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue and from two cases of fresh frozen tissue using a broad panel of antibodies to macrophage/histocyte, B-, and T-cell antigens. SHML cells expressed the following: (1) S-100 protein, (2) "pan-macrophage" antigens such as EBM11, HAM 56, and Leu-M3, (3) antigens functionally associated with phagocytosis (Fc receptor for IgG, complement receptor 3), and lysosomal activity (lysozyme, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, and alpha 1-antitrypsyn), (4) antigens associated with early inflammation (Mac-387, 27E10), (5) antigens commonly found on monocytes, but not tissue macrophages (OKM5, Leu-M1), and (6) "activation" antigens (Ki-1 and receptors for transferrin and interleukin 2). These data suggest that SHML cells are true functionally activated macrophages that may be recently derived from circulating monocytes.
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PMID:Immunophenotypic characterization of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease). 218 14

Nineteen gastric carcinomas with lymphoid stroma were selected from 554 surgical cases and examined pathologically and immunohistochemically using formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded materials. Most showed ulcerative lesion and 15 cases located in fundic and cardiac gland regions. They were subdivided histologically into three groups, early (group I), localized (group II) and infiltrative tumors (group III), the number of cases being 2, 10 and 7, respectively. Lymph node metastases occurred in 3 cases in group II and 6 in group III, the latter showing a significantly higher incidence. The number of carcinoembryonic antigen and CA19-9 immunoreactive tumor cells was apparently smaller in gastric carcinomas with lymphoid stroma than in ordinary gastric carcinomas. Frequent presence of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin immunoreactivity characterized the tumor cells of gastric carcinoma with lymphoid cells. Stroma cells consisted of lymphocytes, plasma cells, granulocytes and histiocytes. Of these, the greatest number examined immunohistochemically was B cells and IgG cells, followed in descending order by T cells, IgA cells and IgM cells in the order given. A variable number of lysozyme immunoreactive histiocytes were also detected in all the cases. Gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma might be subclassified as a separate entity, although short term follow-up study did not demonstrate a favorable prognosis for this type of gastric cancer.
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PMID:Gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma: pathological and immunohistochemical analysis. 222 25

Two cases of chondroblastoma were studied by tissue culture, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy as to the histogenetic origin of the tumor cells in tissue culture, the tumor cells were epithelioid in shape with plenty cytoplasm. They were arranged loosely with marked contact inhibition of growth. The cells in these two cases were able to survive for two months through 5 passages. By immunohistochemical study, the tumor cells showed strongly positive reaction to S-100 protein and lysozyme but negative reaction to alpha-antichymotrypsin. Under electron microscope, the surface of tumor cells possessed many microvilli. The tumor cells were characterized by obvious nuclear multilobulation and pseudoinclusion with marked margination of chromatin. In the cytoplasm, scanty amount of ERE and Golgi apparatus were seen. All the above findings support that chondroblastoma cells are derived from immature cartilage cells analogous to fetal cartilage. Moreover, some huge bizarre tumor cells were observed during the later stage of culture which has not been reported in the literature so far.
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PMID:[Histogenesis of chondroblastoma--a study of tissue culture, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy]. 227 26


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