Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Alveolar macrophage function was studied immunocytochemically using three monoclonal antibodies--macrophage CD 68 KP 1 (M), protein CD 11C (P), and anti-elastin (EL)--and three polyclonal antibodies--lysozyme (LZ), alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (AACT). The material for study was smears obtained from bronchial washings from 15 healthy persons and 60 patients with respiratory infections or primary or secondary malignant lung infiltration. Eight of the healthy group and 40 of the patient group were smokers (SM). The percentage of cells obtained from the washings which were macrophages was also measured. The intensity of staining reactions for each of the six antigens was noted and in general more intense staining was noted in smokers than in non-smokers. More intense staining was observed in patients with pulmonary infections (group II PI) and metastatic pulmonary infiltrations (group IV MP Ca) than in controls (group IC), while patients with primary lung cancer (group III PP Ca) had highly reduced staining reactions. The number of macrophages was similarly increased in all groups in comparison with the IC group for non-smokers and in all groups except III PP Ca for smokers. It is concluded that smoking, pulmonary infections, and metastatic infiltration of the lung are associated with an increase in the number and activity of alveolar macrophages, while patients with primary lung cancer have an increase in the number of macrophages which are functionally incompetent.
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PMID:Antigen expression of alveolar macrophages in smokers and patients with lung diseases. 778 44

Six well-characterized specimens of cultured astrocytoma cells were investigated with a panel of macrophage markers. Our results show that the macrophage markers OKM-1(CD11b), OKM5(CD36), EBM11(CD68), HAM56, Factor 13, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, ferritin and lysozyme are clearly reactive to neoplastic astrocytes whereas astrocytes in normal brain specimens are not reactive. In order to obtain further confirmation concerning the reactivity of tumor cells in vivo, we simultaneously measured by flow cytometric analysis DNA content and HAM56 immunoreactivity in a freshly obtained tumor specimen. In this experiment we found a marked reactivity of aneuploid cells to HAM56. The macrophage phenotype of malignant astrocytes may reflect a similarity in functions of these cells and tumor-associated macrophages which promote tumor growth via the production of growth factors and angiogenic factors. Furthermore, our findings implicate that demonstration of macrophages within malignant astrocytomas by using macrophage-specific antibodies must be cautiously considered.
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PMID:Human malignant astrocytes express macrophage phenotype. 782 78

Abrikosov's tumour was studied light- and electron-microscopically and immunohistochemically with the use of antibodies against desmin, myoglobin, vimentin, cytokeratin, glial fibrillar acid protein, neuron-specific enolase, S-100 protein, neurofilaments (68 kd), lysozyme, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, structural components of extracellular matrix (collagen I, II, III, IV, V types and fibronectin). The presence of neurofilaments, apart from vimentin, S-100 protein and small amount of neurospecific enolase, in the tumour cells is demonstrated for the first time. Neurofilament expression by tumour cells and the lack of the basal membrane collagen (type IV) in the extracellular matrix indicate the cell differentiation different from that of Schwann cells. A similar cell immunophenotype is typical for tumours of sympathetic ganglion and paraganglion structures. Both these results and literature data prove phenotypic heterogeneity of the granular cell tumours and their histogenetic link with the cells of nervous comb.
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PMID:[Neurofilaments in Abrikosov's tumor (an immunohistochemical study)]. 798 61

Few published reports describe patients with giant cell fibroblastoma, a rare, benign soft-tissue tumor that recurs locally and predominantly arises in children. A 4-year-old boy underwent surgery for removal of a giant cell fibroblastoma in the paranasal region, an unusual site. Six months after excision the tumor recurred locally. Immunohistochemical examination of the primary tumor and recurrence revealed vimentin positive staining in the cytoplasm of all the cells. The multinucleated giant cells and the flat cells bordering the vessel-like spaces were negative for Factor VIII-related antigen, S-100 protein, actin and desmin. Some histiocytes stained positively for alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, antimacrophage and lysozyme antibodies. These immunoreactions indicate that giant cell fibroblastomas have a fibrohistiocytic origin.
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PMID:Paranasal giant cell fibroblastoma: case report and immunohistochemical findings. 804 95

The authors present an immunohistochemical study of 11 cases of maxillo-facial primitive sarcomas. Specimens from demoliti maxillary resections were prepared and stained with alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, lysozyme and CD68. Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin confirmed in this study its lack of specificity as a tumor marker being relevated both in fibroblasts and in osteoblasts and even in chondrosarcomatous tissue. The results of lysozyme and CD68 stainings were interesting especially in malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), fibrosarcoma and osteosarcoma. The authors showed, once more, that while in osteosarcoma the markers were noted in osteoclasts or pre-osteoclasts alone and not in the neoplastic stroma; all fibroblastic elements were marked in MFH. Immunohistochemical research of histiocyte-macrophage lineage confirmed its utility in osteosarcoma versus MFH differential diagnosis. In fibrosarcoma, furthermore, the authors obtained a positive staining of CD68 and lysozyme in fibroblastic elements morphologically similar to the other neoplastic cells. This datum induced the authors to formulate the interesting hypothesis that MFH and fibrosarcoma represent the opposite ends of a wide spectrum of differentiation of a single neoplasm of fibrohistiocytic origin.
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PMID:[Histological and immunohistochemical studies in cases of malignant mesenchymal neoplasms of the oromaxillofacial area]. 807 67

Forty two cases (46 lesions) of inflammatory fibroid polyp (IFP) of the stomach were reviewed histologically and studied immunohistochemically. The paraffin sections were stained with a panel of antibodies against alpha-smooth-muscle actin, HHF-35, desmin, vimentin, lysozyme, alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, KP1, Mac 387, S-100 protein, neuron-specific enolase, factor VIII RAg, and with Ulex europaeus agglutinin I. The lesions ranged in size from 0.3 to 3.5 cm with a mean of 1.2 cm. Forty (87.0%) IFPs occurred in the antrum, five in the gastric body, and one in the cardia. In all but two lesions, the mucosal layer was involved, and 20 (43.5%) lesions were entirely restricted to the mucosa. All 46 IFPs tested diffusely positive with vimentin. Positive reactions for alpha-smooth-muscle actin and HHF-35 were observed in 12 (26.1%) and 10 (21.7%) IFPs, respectively. Two lesions with alpha-smooth-muscle actin and one lesion with HHF-35 showed a diffuse staining. Seventeen (37.0%) lesions were focally positive for KP1, and seven (15.2%) IFPs were focally positive for Mac 387. All other antibodies and agglutinin were negative with the proliferating cells. The results of this study confirmed (a) the presence of myofibroblastic and histiocytic lines of differentiation in addition to the main fibroblastic features for the main cellular component in IFP, and (b) the heterogeneity of the immunoprofile of IFP.
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PMID:Inflammatory fibroid polyp of the stomach. A special reference to an immunohistochemical profile of 42 cases. 821 61

Verruciform xanthoma is an uncommon benign lesion with unknown aetiology and pathogenesis. In this study, we report ten cases of verruciform xanthoma and document their clinical and histopathological findings. An immunohistochemical investigation was performed using antibodies to macrophage, leukocyte common antigen, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, S-100 protein, lysozyme and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin. Our results were similar to the other reported cases. Eighty percent of our cases were found on the gingiva. Candidal hyphae were found in the superficial parakeratotic layers in five cases. The clinical diagnosis of the lesion ranged between papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma. It is important for clinicians to take into consideration the possibility of verruciform xanthoma in the differential diagnosis of papillary and granular lesions of oral mucosa. Immunohistochemically, all foam cells were strongly stained with antimacrophage antibodies. T lymphocytes were the predominant infiltrating lymphocytes in the lesion. Langerhans cells in the epithelia were fewer than those in corresponding normal tissue. Our immunohistochemical findings suggest that verruciform xanthoma is may be a local immunological disorder, with a cell mediated mechanism.
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PMID:Verruciform xanthoma of the oral mucosa: a clinicopathological study with immunohistochemical findings relating to pathogenesis. 823 21

Six men who had undergone hip replacements for degenerative joint disease or trauma subsequently had radical prostatectomies or cystoprostatectomies with bilateral pelvic lymph node dissections for adenocarcinoma of the prostate or transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. The hip prostheses implanted in three patients were known to contain cobalt-chromium alloy and titanium. The pelvic lymph nodes ipsilateral to the hip prosthesis in five patients and the bilateral pelvic nodes in the only patient with bilateral hip prosthesis had dark brown or black cut surfaces. These lymph nodes did not contain carcinoma but showed florid sinus histiocytosis characterized by large polygonal histiocytes filling and expanding sinuses and interfollicular regions. The foamy histiocytes contained cobalt-chromium and titanium microparticles by light microscopy, ultrastructure, and energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis. The lymph nodes uninvolved by the histiocytic reaction lacked the heavy metal microparticles. Four cases were found to have a small number of polyethylene particles, which might have contributed to the histiocytic response. By immunohistochemistry, the foamy cells displayed immunoreactivity for lysozyme, alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, and cathepsin D, providing additional support for their histiocytic derivation. To our knowledge, this is the first time that microparticles of cobalt-chromium and titanium that migrate from hip prostheses to pelvic lymph nodes have been shown to elicit a distinctive type of florid sinus histiocytosis. Pathologists should be aware of this characteristic foreign-body tissue response to avoid confusion with other types of sinus histiocytosis or with metastatic carcinoma.
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PMID:Sinus histiocytosis of pelvic lymph nodes after hip replacement. A histiocytic proliferation induced by cobalt-chromium and titanium. 827 30

We report the establishment of a novel cell line from a pediatric patient with recurrent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. This cell line, termed USP-91, showed both T-lymphoid cell as well as myeloid (ie, nonlymphoid) cell characteristics using a comprehensive multiparameter approach. The initial growth of this cell line was dependent on the presence of the murine stromal cell line, 14F1.1. Subsequently, a phenotypically stable, stroma-independent cell line was established. Although the recurrent biopsy material and the derivative cell line, USP-91, were clonally-derived from T-lineage lymphoid cells, as evidenced by the same rearrangement of the T-cell receptor-beta locus, USP-91 coexpressed both the T-cell antigens CD7, CD3, and CD4, and the myeloid antigens CD13, CD33, CD11b, and CD34. The myeloid features of USP-91 were most consistent with monocytic differentiation as these cells expressed alpha-napthol acetate esterase, lysozyme, alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, as well as the cell surface receptor for macrophage colony-stimulating factor. In addition, incubation in the presence of phorbol esters induced USP-91 to exhibit morphologic and functional properties of mature mononuclear phagocytes. The expression of this bilineage phenotype suggests that USP-91 represents the malignant transformation of a progenitor cell capable of either myelomonocytic or T-lymphoid differentiation.
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PMID:Establishment and characterization of a human mixed-lineage, T-lymphoid/myeloid cell line (USP-91). 840 Feb 35

This report describes a 47-year-old man with Erdheim-Chester disease (EC), the second case reported in Japan. The patient complained of knee pain, and the roentgenogram of the bilateral legs revealed symmetric osteolytic lesions with sclerosis of the metaphyseal regions of the long bones. Histological examination of the biopsy specimen showed a xanthogranulomatous lesion consisting of aggregations of foamy macrophages and Touton-type giant cells. Immunohistochemical study of the foamy cells in the lesion showed positive reaction to anti-Kp-1, anti-S-100 alpha, beta, anti-neuron-specific enolase (NSE), anti-alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, anti-alpha-1-antitrypsin, and anti-lysozyme antibodies. Electron microscopy showed many lipid droplets in the cytoplasm, but no Langerhans granules. These results suggested that the disease was part of the spectrum of histiocytosis but was different from Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Biochemical analysis of material extracted from a lesion showed the predominance of cholesterol ester. The disease progressed to central diabetes insipidus, and the involvement of multiple organs was indicated by a magnetic resonance image.
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PMID:Erdheim-Chester disease: a case report with immunohistochemical and biochemical examination. 854 20


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