Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sixty-nine patients with symptoms of non-acute prostatitis were treated with metacycline and placebo according to the double-blind crossover technique. The patients reported improvement significantly more often after metacycline than after placebo treatment. But no difference was found between metacycline and placebo in respect of the palpatory findings or the number, morphology and motility of spermatozoa, the number of white blood cells in expressed prostatitic fluid, the zinc, magnesium or fructose content or antibacterial activity of seminal fluid. The lysozyme level in seminal fluid was significantly more often reduced after treatment with metacycline than after placebo. "Therapeutic" concentrations of metacycline were demonstrable in expressed prostatitic fluid specimens collected three hours after intake of the dose prescribed. The majority of patients harbouring Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Mycoplasma hominis were improved after the antibiotic treatment and the organism was no longer demonstrable. No undesirable effects of the treatment with metacycline were observed.
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PMID:Effect of metacycline treatment on non-acute prostatitis. 81 97

The antibacterial, antifungal and antimycoplasmal activity of human semen was studied. Gram-positive aerobic bacterial species i.e. staphylococci, but not gram-negative aerobic bacteria, were inhibited by seminal fluid in vitro. Neither were anaerobic gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria, nor Candida or Mycoplasma inhibited. Semen of healthy males had a higher antibacterial effect on S. albus than that of patients with symptoms of chronic prostatitis. There was a positive correlation between the antibacterial power of the semen of the patients studied and their content of zinc and magnesium, while no correlation was found with fructose and lysozyme or the number of spermatozoa in any of the groups. A positive correlation was found between the antibacterial capacity and the volume of the ejaculate in the patients but not among the controls. The antibacterial substance(s) was dialysable, ether-extractable, resistant to boiling and partly to storage at room temperature. The addition of EDTA, tranexamic acid and ammonium reineckate to semen did not influence the antibacterial effect, which was, however, slightly inhibited by sodium polyanethol sulphonate. The nature of possible antibacterial substances in semen is discussed.
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PMID:Antimicrobial activity of human seminal fluid. 81 15

Under defined conditions, in the presence of 10 mg/ml of bovine serum albumin, cauda epididymal rat spermatozoa displayed vigorous motility, and a high proportion (81%) of eggs were fertilized. In contrast, no fertilization was observed after omission of albumin, or replacement of the protein by 10 mg/ml of cytochrome c, beta-globulin, gamma-globulin, hemoglobin, lysozyme, and polyvinylpyrrolidone, and 5 mg/ml of ribonuclease. However, high motility occurred in suspensions containing 3 x 10(6) spermatozoa/0.1 ml of medium with cytochrome c, beta-globulin, or gamma-globulin. In medium with 1 mg/ml of ovalbumin, 7% (2/29) eggs were fertilized. Use of defatted albumin resulted in a higher rate of fertilization than unmodified albumin (87 vs 70%), and this difference approached statistical significance. No fertilization was obtained in the presence of albumin presaturated with cholesterol. These results suggest that: (a) rat sperm cells failed to capacitate in the absence of albumin; (b) the protein exerted more than a nonspecific macromolecular effect; and (c) lipids associated with albumin may modify its ability to promote sperm capacitation.
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PMID:Influence of serum albumin on the fertilizing ability in vitro of rat spermatozoa. 125 Aug 65

Spermal samples of 60 men were examined, 40 of these men suffering from sterility. A significant reduction of the share of mobile spermatozoa in sterile patients was parallelled by a reduced spermal lysozyme level, as against that in healthy controls. In other words, a relationship between spermal lysozyme level and spermatozoa mobility was revealed. The detected regular reduction of spermal lysozyme level permits using this parameter as a diagnostic test.
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PMID:[The diagnosis of male infertility based on the lysozyme level in sperm]. 172 34

Bovine spermatozoa that have been exposed to seminal plasma possess more binding sites for heparin than sperm from the cauda epididymis that have not been exposed to accessory sex gland secretions. Seminal plasma exposure enables sperm, following incubation with heparin, to undergo zonae pellucidae-induced exocytosis of the acrosome. In this study, the regulatory role of seminal plasma heparin-binding proteins in capacitation of bovine spermatozoa by heparin was investigated. Plasma membranes from sperm exposed to seminal plasma in vivo or in vitro contained a series of acidic 15-17 kDa proteins not found in cauda epididymal sperm. Western blots of membrane proteins indicated that these 15-17 kDa proteins bound [125I]-heparin. Heparin-binding proteins were isolated by heparin affinity chromatography from seminal plasma from vasectomized bulls. Gel electrophoresis indicated that the heparin-binding peaks contained 14-18 kDa proteins with isoelectric variation, a basic 24 kDa protein, and a 31 kDa protein. Western blots probed with [125I]-heparin confirmed the ability of each of these proteins to bind heparin. Each of these proteins, as well as control proteins, bound to epididymal sperm. The seminal plasma proteins were peripherally associated with sperm since they were removed by hypertonic medium and did not segregate into the detergent phase of Triton X-114. Seminal plasma heparin-binding proteins potentiated zonae pellucidae-induced acrosome reactions in epididymal sperm. However, seminal plasma proteins that did not bind to the heparin affinity column were unable to stimulate zonae-sensitivity. Control proteins, including lysozyme--which binds to both heparin and sperm, were ineffective at enhancing zonae-induced acrosome reactions. These data provide evidence for a positive regulatory role of seminal plasma heparin-binding proteins in capacitation of bovine spermatozoa.
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PMID:Heparin-binding proteins from seminal plasma bind to bovine spermatozoa and modulate capacitation by heparin. 238 14

A chronic infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes was invariably found in the infertile regions of uteri containing foreign bodies in conventional rats, germfree rats, mice, and rabbits. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes were never found in the fertile regions of these uteri. A foreign body in the uterus of the rat, and probably also the mouse, was associated with a bacterial infection which spread the inflammatory response throughout the horn containing the foreign body, and in the mouse occasionally into the control horn as well. No bacteria could be cultured from the rabbit uterine horn containing a foreign body. In the germfree rat, both the infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into the uterus and fertility were significantly different from that observed in the conventional rat. Whereas in the conventional rat the inflammation and infertility extended along the entire length of the uterine horn containing a small foreign body, in the germfree rat the inflammation and infertility were closely correlated to the position of the foreign body. As judged by measurements of lysozyme in the uterine lumens of rats and rabbits, polymorphonuclear leukocytes released their contents into solution in the uterine lumen. It is concluded that some substance derived from polymorphonuclear leukocytes may exert toxic effects on fertilized ova or on spermatozoa and thus be responsible for the infertility of uteri containing foreign bodies.
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PMID:The relationship of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to infertility in uteri containing foreign bodies. 603 52

The roles of uterine inflammation and infection in creating an environment hostile to fertilized eggs or spermatozoa which would explain the contraceptive action of IUDs were investigated in the rat, rabbit, and mouse. Inflammation, as evidenced by the appearance of polymorphonuclear leucocytes, was always present along with a foreign body, and inflamed areas corresponded to regions of known infertility: the entire length of the horn containing the foreign body in the rat uterus, the corresponding horn as well as part of the control horn in the mouse, and only the tissue in contact with the foreign body in the rabbit. Acute inflammatory response (polymorphonuclear stage) persisted indefinitely after insertion of the IUD. Lysozyme measurements in rat and rabbit uteri indicated that polymorphonuclear leucocytes released their contents into the lumen in infertile regions. Cultured rat uteri containing foreign bodies were found to contain over 100 million bacteria of mixed species (compared to none in controls), while rabbit uteri appeared bacteria free. The effects of inflammation were separable from those of infection, however, with the use of germ-free rats. The presence of a foreign body in these rats was associated with a very localized inflammation, with lysozyme only in the segment in contact with the foreign body. Fertilized eggs entered and implanted in the noninflamed region when the foreign body was in the cervical end of the horn; when it was in the ovarian end, all ova were killed, indicating that the antifertility effect of the IUD was possible in absence of bacteria. It is concluded that some component of the polymorphonuclear leucocyte may kill fertilized eggs and thus be responsible for the infertility of uteri containing IUDs.
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PMID:A possible role for granulocytes in the action of intrauterine contraceptive devices. 608 36

Exogenous calf thymus whole histones showed a high degree of specificity to cause agglutination of rat epididymal spermatozoa. Histones had markedly greater (approximately 5-fold) agglutination activity than did salmon protamine whereas a variety of proteins, including strongly basic ones such as herring protamine sulphate, ribonuclease, cytochrome C and lysozyme, had no detectable agglutination activity. Histones F-3 and F-2a had the greatest activity for cell agglutination. Polyamines (5 mM), sialic acid (5 mM) and basic or acidic amino acids (10 mM) had no effect on histone (approximately 8 microM)-mediated sperm agglutination. 32P-Labelled histones showed a high specificity for binding to intact spermatozoa. The binding was saturable at a histone concentration of approximately 0.3 mg/ml and nearly completely displaced at saturating concentrations of native histones. Only unlabelled protamines competed to a small extent for binding of 32P-labelled histones to spermatozoa. The data are consistent with the view that histones bind specifically to sperm surface receptor sites before agglutination of cells.
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PMID:Histone-mediated agglutination of epididymal spermatozoa and the occurrence of histone receptors on the rat sperm surface. 725 26

The paper presents the results of the study of species composition and biological signs of microflora of the ejaculate obtained from infertile males. The strains of the microorganisms were characterized by high adhesive capacity and multiple resistance to antibiotics. High antilysozyme activity in staphylococci and enterobacteria isolated from the sterile patients was registered. The correlation between spermatozoa motility, lysozyme level in the ejaculate and bacterial ability to inactivate lysozyme is demonstrated the hypothesis about the role of persistent properties of bacteria in pathogenesis of male infertility is discussed.
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PMID:[The role of persisting microflora in the development of pathospermia]. 957 6

The results of the study of the influence of lysozyme on fertile characteristics of ejaculate obtained from sterile patients are presented. Improvement of functional activity of spermatozoa in vitro due to lysozyme has been determined. The method of the treatment of infertile couples by homologous insemination is proposed.
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PMID:[Use of lysozyme in the treatment of male infertility]. 964 91


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