Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To provide baseline information on the immunoarchitecture of normal bone marrow, we studied cryostat-cut, frozen, and paraffin-embedded, fixed tissue sections prepared from 21 core biopsies of normal bone marrow obtained during bone marrow harvests for transplantation. A large panel of antibodies was applied that included, for frozen tissue, Leu-6 (CD1), T11 (CD2), Leu-3a (CD4), Leu-1 (CD5), Leu-2a (CD8), J5 (CD10), My7 (CD13), Leu-11 (CD16), B4 (CD19), B1 (CD20), B2 (CD21), Tac (CD25), My9 (CD33), T200 (CD45), NKH-1 (CD56), kappa and lambda chains, beta F1, Ki-67, HLA-DR, TQ1, and keratin, and for fixed tissue, leukocyte common antigen (CD45), L26 (CD20), LN1 (CDw75), LN2 (CD74), LN3, LN4, LN5, MB1 (CD45R), MB2, MT1 (CD43), MT2 (CD45R), UCHL1 (CD45R0), BM1, Ki-1 (CD30), Leu-M1 (CD15), lysozyme, KP1 (CD68), actin, S100, neuron-specific enolase, vimentin, and keratin. On fresh-frozen sections CD19 and CD2 were the most reliable and sensitive markers for B and T cells, staining 5% and 9% of marrow cells, respectively. Immunoglobulins generally showed heavy background staining, which frequently precluded an accurate assessment. The CD4 to CD8 ratio in the bone marrow was reversed from that of peripheral blood. On fixed tissues, leukocyte common antigen was found in 14% of the marrow cells, corresponding roughly to the lymphocyte population. L26, a pan-B-cell marker, stained 3% of the marrow cells. Among the other B-cell markers, LN1 and MB2 stained a large number of cells (40% to 70%), indicating reactivity with cells of the myeloid or erythroid series in addition to lymphocytes. Among the T-cell markers, UCHL1 and MT1 stained 66% and 50% of the cells, respectively, which could be explained by their cross-reactivity with myeloid cells. Nonspecific myelomonocytic markers (Leu-M1, KP1, and lysozyme) also showed reactivity in a high percentage of cells. No particular architectural distribution patterns of B or T lymphocytes were noted in either frozen or fixed bone marrow specimens. The results of this study provide normal baseline data for the immunohistologic application of hematopoietic and lymphoid markers on frozen or fixed bone marrow biopsy specimens.
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PMID:Immunoarchitecture of normal human bone marrow: a study of frozen and fixed tissue sections. 159 93

Paraffin embedded tissue reactive monoclonal antibodies were used to study human embryonal and fetal haemopoiesis, combining optimal morphology with immunohistological determination of haemopoietic cell subtypes and their microenvironment. Seven embryonal and twelve fetal liver specimens were studied, having been fixed in B5-fixative and embedded in paraffin. The different haemopoietic lineages each showed their own immunophenotype and distribution; intercellular and microenvironmental relationships were easily determined. Erythroid cells are reactive with VIE-G4, LN1, and MT1, sometimes partly surrounding a central macrophage. Myelomonocytic cells react with LCA, MT1, MB3, LN2, and anti-lysozyme, and from 14 weeks onwards with LN3. Lymphoid cells show LCA, MT1, MT2, MB1, MB2, MB3, and LN2 reactivity. In a few cases some scarce My10+ early progenitor cells were seen. An important finding is the extensive MT1-reactivity distributed over all haemopoietic lineages, and the demonstration of immature haemopoietic blast cells exclusively expressing the MT1 antigen. Further studies employing MT1 are necessary to delineate the extent of the distribution and the possible function of the antigen. Use of the MT1 mAb may contribute to the elucidation of the exact nature of the haemopoietic blast cells and their place in haemopoietic development.
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PMID:Haemopoiesis in human fetal and embryonic liver. Immunohistochemical determination in B5-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. 210 30

Several immunohistochemical methods are now available for the staining of neoplastic cells in tissue sections. The authors have found that the alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) method is sensitive and reliable. Murine monoclonal or nonmurine polyclonal antibodies can be used to label a variety of membranous and/or cellular constituents in tissues that have been routinely processed in a histopathology laboratory. The monoclonal antibody against leukocyte common antigen (CD45) can be used to differentiate hematologic from nonhematologic tumors. Monoclonal antibodies (L26, LN1, LN2, LN3, MB1, MB2) label B-cell lymphomas, whereas other monoclonal antibodies (UCHL1, MT1) more characteristically stain T-cell lymphomas. Polyclonal antibodies against CD3 specifically mark neoplastic cells from T-cell lymphomas and leukemias but as yet are not commercially available. Monoclonal antibodies Leu-M1 (CD15), Ber H2 (Ki-1; CD30), and LN2 label Reed-Sternberg cells from most cases of nodular sclerosis, mixed cellularity, and lymphocyte-depleted Hodgkin's disease. Monoclonal antibodies Mac 387, KP1 (CD68), and NP57 (antielastase), as well as polyclonal antibodies against lysozyme, help identify subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia and extramedullary myeloid cell tumors. Although there are now excellent reagents ready for use, there is still a significant need for more lineage-specific (particularly against CD epitopes) monoclonal antibodies capable of labeling neoplastic cells in paraffin-embedded tissue sections from patients with hematologic malignancies.
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PMID:Immunophenotyping of hematologic neoplasms in paraffin-embedded tissue sections. 218 Feb 77

Spleen, thymus and lymph node of human fetuses from the 12th to the 38rd week (spleen from 9 weeks) were investigated in an immunohistological study on B5-fixed paraffin embedded tissues, employing a panel of recently developed monoclonal antibodies, reactive with antigens resistant against fixation and paraffin embedment. The monoclonal antibodies included were MT1, MT2, MB1, MB2, MB3, LN1, LN2, LN3, LeuM1, Leu7, VIE-G4, together with polyclonal antibodies reactive with immunoglobulin heavy and light chains, and with lysozyme and S100-protein. The preservation of morphological detail together with immunoperoxidase staining of cellular subsets, allowed an accurate determination of the ontogenic development of the different cell types in situ, in relation to their micro-environment. The use of paraffin tissue reactive (monoclonal) antibodies gives an extra dimension to the study of fetal lymphoid tissues. This is of particular advantage in studies on very fragile tissues as in early embryonal and fetal ontogeny.
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PMID:Immuno-architecture of human fetal lymphoid tissues. 314 91

Reagents that recognize antigens on lymphoid cells in fixed and wax-embedded sections have been applied to a series of cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The panel consisted of MB1, 4KB5 (CD45r), LN1, L26 and MB2 which recognize antigens expressed predominantly on B-lymphocytes; UCHL1 and MT1 which recognize antigens expressed on T-lymphocytes and myeloid cells; antibodies recognizing the non-lineage antigens LeuM1 (CD15), BerH2 (CD30), anti-EMA; anti-lysozyme and MAC 387 which detect antigens present on some macrophages; and finally TAL1B5 (class II MHC), CAM 5.2 (low molecular weight cytokeratin) and PD7/26 + 2B11(CD45). Two hundred and four cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma have been studied, of which 158 had been fully characterized on frozen sections. The series was biased towards high-grade (n = 108) and T-cell (n = 44) tumours and these were largely prospectively accrued. It was found that discrimination between B-cell and T-cell lymphomas can be reliably achieved using these reagents and that a small panel (CD45, L26, MB2, MT1, UCHL1) is adequate for this purpose. Using the full range of reagents it is not possible to subdivide cases into groups that correspond with morphological subtypes of lymphoma. Although paraffin section immunohistochemistry is of value, the diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disorders must still be based upon the assessment of well fixed, carefully prepared tissue sections using conventional tinctorial methods.
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PMID:Paraffin section immunohistochemistry. I. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 326 64

A systematic morphological analysis of cutaneous infiltrates in acute myelogenous leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome revealed that in many cases the infiltrating cells have a different phenotype from those in the bone marrow. This study sought to answer two questions: (a) How wide is the range of cytological features and immunoreactivity of the cutaneous infiltrates and what danger is there of misinterpretation? (b) What are the possible causes of the wide spectrum of differentiation of the cells infiltrating the skin? Skin biopsy specimens from 16 patients with myelogenous leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome were investigated. The diagnosis was acute myelomonocytic leukemia (M4, according to the French-American-British/FAB system of classification of acute leukemias) in eight cases, acute monocytic leukemia (M5) in four cases, aleukemic leukemia cutis as a recurrence of M2 leukemia after treatment in one case, and myelodysplastic syndrome in three cases, including one case of myelodysplasia with an excess of bone marrow blasts (RAEB-T) and two cases of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, one of which presented as aleukemic leukemia cutis. Reactivity with the macrophage-associated antibodies anti-CD68, Ki-M1p, and anti-lysozyme was the most consistent. However, the naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase reaction and staining with DAKO-M1, Ki-My2p, anti-neutrophil elastase, and anti-CD34 were found to be of little value for identifying the cutaneous infiltrate as myelogenous. Some antibodies (e.g., anti-S100 protein and MB2) even produced staining in a few cases that could have led to a mistaken diagnosis of histiocytic neoplasm or malignant lymphoma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Skin involvement in myelogenous leukemia: morphologic and immunophenotypic heterogeneity of skin infiltrates. 754 88

In evaluating histologically malignant infiltrates in the skin, it is often challenging to distinguish granulocytic sarcoma (GS) from selected cases of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). These lesions have clinical features in common, in addition to shared histologic attributes. These include similarity in dermal distribution and growth pattern, nuclear characteristics, propensity to recruit other inflammatory cell types, and production of matrical sclerosis. In order to determine if immunohistology could contribute to differential diagnosis in this setting, we analyzed 15 cases of mucocutaneous GS, and compared them with 11 cases of well-documented PTCL. Antibodies in the CD15, CD20, CD34, CD43, CD45, CD45RO, and CD68 groups were used, as well as anti-myeloperoxidase (anti-MPX), anti-lysozyme (anti-LYSO), Mac387, and MB2. Anti-LYSO and anti-MPX were sensitive and specific markers of GS, labeling 93% and 80% of GS cases, respectively, and no cases of PTCL. Anti-CD15 and MB2 were also specific for GS, but each labeled only 60% of GS cases. CD34, CD68, and Mac 387 were specific but insensitive markers of GS. CD43 and CD45 were not particularly useful discriminants, with each being seen in 93% of GS cases, but also 64% and 100% of cases of PTCL, respectively. CD45RO was specific for PTCL; it was present in 82% of PTCL cases and no GS cases. Thus, conjoint reactivity for CD43, CD45, MPX, and LYSO characterizes GS, and differs from the pattern of PTCL, which is characterized by reactivity for CD45 and CD45RO, occasional reactivity for CD43, and lack of other specified markers.
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PMID:Granulocytic sarcoma: an immunohistologic comparison with peripheral T-cell lymphoma in paraffin sections. 796 23

We report herein a case of extramedullary myeloid tumor arising bilaterally in the testes of a 66-year-old man, who had previously been diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome. Light microscopy of the testicular neoplasm demonstrated a tumor composed of large, slightly polygonal cells with pale blue to weakly eosinophilic cytoplasm. The tumor cells were immunoreactive for CD45, myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, CD43, and MB2. Many of the cells also expressed chloroacetate esterase. Peripheral blood and bone marrow findings were consistent with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (FAB-CMML), particularly in the most recent material, which showed clear cellular dysplasia and an increase in the percentage of blasts in the bone marrow (15% to 20% of all nucleated cells). This case of extramedullary myeloid tumor is unusual in view of the patient's age and the testicular location. It emphasizes the importance of including extramedullary myeloid tumor in the differential diagnosis of histologically undifferentiated large-cell tumors, as well as a need to use a broad panel of immunohistochemical stains in such cases.
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PMID:Testicular extramedullary myeloid cell tumor in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome. 861 53

A case of pre-leukemic granulocytic sarcoma (GS) of the uterus was found in a 73-year old woman. The diagnosis was suggested by vaginal cytology and the green color of the gross lesions, then confirmed by naphthol AS-D chloro acetate esterase stain and immunohistochemistry on fixed tissue with the anti-lysozyme, anti-myeloperoxidase, CD 43 and CD15 antibodies. At the time of GS discovery, the patient presented no evident leukemia but myelogram contained 20% of blast cells. She developed acute myeloid leukemia 2 months later. Cytogenetic study of the bone marrow revealed chromosome 21 trisomy. GS is frequently mistaken for malignant lymphoma since it expresses some of the leukocytic antigens (leukocyte common antigen, CD 45 RO (UCHL1), MB2). Therefore, the use of a large panel of antibodies, including anti-myeloperoxidase, anti-lysozyme and CD15, is recommended. Precise diagnosis is essential because all GS must be treated as acute myeloid leukemias.
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PMID:[Pre-leukemic granulocytic sarcoma of the uterus. Report of a case]. 970 44