Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Of the interactions that govern protein adsorption on polymer surfaces, solvation interactions (repulsive hydration and attractive hydrophobic interactions) are thought to be among the most important. The solvation interactions in protein adsorption, however, have not been dealt with in theoretical calculation of the adsorption energy owing to the difficulties in modelling such interactions. We have evaluated the solvation interaction energies using the fragment constant method of calculating the partition coefficients of amino acids. The fundamental assumption of this approach is that the partition coefficients of amino acids between water and organic solvent phases are related to the free energies of transfer from bulk water to the polymer surface. The X-ray crystallographic protein structures of lysozyme, trypsin, immunoglobulin Fab, and hemoglobin from the Brookhaven Protein Data Bank were used. The model polymer surfaces were polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene, poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) [poly(HEMA)], and poly(vinyl alcohol). All possible adsorption orientations of the proteins were simulated to study the effect of protein orientation on the solvation interactions. Protein adsorption on either hydrophobic or hydrophilic polymer surfaces was examined by considering the sum of solvation and other interaction energies. The results showed that the contribution of the solvation interaction to the total protein adsorption energy was significant. The average solvation interaction energy ranged from -259.1 to -74.1 kJ/mol for the four proteins on the hydrophobic polymer surfaces, such as polystyrene, polypropylene, and polyethylene. On the other hand, the average solvation interaction energies on hydrophilic surfaces such as poly(HEMA) and poly(vinyl alcohol) were larger than zero. This indicates that repulsive hydration interactions are in effect for protein adsorption on hydrophilic polymer surfaces. The total interaction energies of the proteins with hydrophobic surfaces were always lower than those with more hydrophilic surfaces. This trend is in agreement with the experimental observations in the literature. This study suggests that consideration of the solvation interaction energies is necessary for accurate calculation of the protein adsorption energies.
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PMID:Calculation of solvation interaction energies for protein adsorption on polymer surfaces. 176 35

Seventeen cases of a novel type of vascular tumor of the spleen are described. The lesions, whose size ranges from minute foci to large nodules almost completely replacing the splenic tissue, are composed of anastomosing vascular channels resembling splenic sinus and have irregular lumina, often featuring papillary projections and cyst-like spaces; they are lined by tall endothelial cells that slough off into the vascular lumina and show hemophagocytosis. Atypical cells are absent and mitotic activity very low. In contrast to normal sinus endothelia, which express only FVIIIag, neoplastic cells express both endothelial (FVIII-AG, BMA 120) and histiocytic (KP1, lysozyme) antigens; occasionally S-100 protein is also present. The morphologic and immunohistochemical findings in this tumor reflect the dual differentiation potential of the reticuloendothelial cells lining the splenic sinus, justifying the term littoral cell angioma, and recognize a distinct entity that is different from other vascular lesions of the spleen, notably angiosarcoma. This distinction is all the more important because the clinical behaviour of this lesion is apparently benign.
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PMID:Littoral cell angioma. A novel splenic vascular lesion demonstrating histiocytic differentiation. 1068 Sep

We used the heat denaturation of lysozyme to induce the in vitro formation of protein deposits on 60 poly-HEMA contact lenses (38.6% water). Each lens was individually placed in 20 mL of a 0.04% lysozyme solution. The lenses were divided into two equal groups. In the first group (30 lenses), bendazac lysine (100 mg) was added to the lysozyme solution. The second group of lenses was used as control. Quantitative analysis of protein deposits on the lenses of both groups was carried out by a colorimetric test. In the lenses where deposit formation occurred in the presence of bendazac lysine, a mean protein level of 7.17 +/- 3.42 micrograms per lens was found; in the control group the mean value was 30.6 +/- 8.22 micrograms per lens. Student's t-test showed this difference to be significant (P less than 0.001).
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PMID:Use of bendazac lysine to limit protein deposition on soft contact lenses in vitro. 204 21

This paper presents 14 examples of a distinctive cardiovascular lesion. The patients' ages ranged from 5 to 76 years (mean, 51 years). There were seven male patients and seven female patients. All of the lesions were small and represented incidental surgical findings. Ten were attached to the endocardium, three were free-floating in the pericardial cavity, and one was inside a dissecting aneurysm of the ascending aorta. Microscopically, the lesions were enclosed in a fibrinous network and composed of a solid proliferation of round to polygonal cells with centrally located nuclei. Immunohistochemically, the cells were negative for FVIII-related antigen and lysozyme, but they stained positively for keratin, especially when clustered in small micropapillary or tubule-like formations. The nature and pathogenesis of these lesions are uncertain. Their location and some of their microscopic features originally suggested a relationship with the entity described as histiocytoid (epithelioid) hemangioma. However, their intense immunoreactivity for keratin, occasional presentation in the pericardial sac, and marked morphologic similarities with nodular mesothelial hyperplasia as sometimes seen in hernia sacs point toward the alternative possibility of a reactive mesothelial nature. A possible pathogenetic mechanism for the endocardial cases is ingrowth of pericardial mesothelial cells along a perforation tract that may have developed at the time of a cardiac catheterization. There were no recurrences or metastases in any of the cases.
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PMID:A distinctive cardiovascular lesion resembling histiocytoid (epithelioid) hemangioma. Evidence suggesting mesothelial participation. 224 Mar 58

Vimentin was isolated and purified from the pig eye lens by homogenization, ultracentrifugation, extraction in urea buffer and preparative electrophoresis. It was identified with SDS-PAGE and rabbit anti-vimentin was raised against the purified vimentin. The specificity of anti-vimentin was examined with immunohistochemical technique and double immune diffusion. Results showed that the vimentin antibody possessed good specificity for mesenchyme-derived cells. Tumor tissue sections from 151 cases were stained with anti-vimentin, anti-keratin, anti-desmin, anti-S-100 protein, anti-Factor-FVIII released antigen, and anti-lysozyme. Positive staining was obtained in mesenchyme-derived cells, while the epithelial tumor cells did not react with anti-vimentin. It indicated that vimentin antibody is effective for tumor differential diagnosis in surgical pathology.
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PMID:[Vimentin and tumor diagnosis]. 239 Jul 90

We report the first case of angiotropic large-cell lymphoma (intravascular malignant lymphomatosis) presenting as minimal change disease (MCD) and diagnosed by renal biopsy. Neoplastic lymphoid cells were disseminated throughout the glomerular capillary bed and were associated with diffuse foot process effacement. The tumor had the immunophenotype of a B cell lymphoma (reactive with LCA and L-26 and unreactive with FVIII-R-Ag, Leu-M-1, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, lysozyme, UCHL-1, Leu-22, kappa, and lambda). The temporal association between the onset of lymphoma and MCD, and the failure of the nephrotic syndrome to respond to immunosuppressive therapy support a role for lymphoma in the pathogenesis of MCD in this patient.
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PMID:Angiotropic large cell lymphoma (intravascular malignant lymphomatosis) of the kidney: presentation as minimal change disease. 265 92

We present a case of a congenital angiomatoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma. This rapidly growing lesion, which was located in the subcutis of the left upper arm, was excised at the age of 8 1/2 months. The patient, a girl, was well and free of disease 10 months after surgical removal of the tumor. The tumor appeared grossly encapsulated. The gray-tan tissue contained cystic spaces filled with recent and organizing hemorrhages. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of solid masses of histiocyte- and fibroblast-like cells, inflammatory infiltrate, and multifocal irregular blood-filled spaces, which were predominantly devoid of endothelial cells. The tumor was studied immunohistochemically with antibodies specific for FVIII-related antigen, S-100 protein, epithelial membrane antigen, vimentin, desmin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, muramidase, laminin, and collagen type IV. Ulex europaeus lectin-I was also utilized. These studies, along with our ultrastructural findings, suggest that: (a) the tumor is composed of a mixture of mesenchymal cells; (b) an imperfect angiogenesis may be taking place, resulting in a wide spectrum of vascular structures; and (c) the cell of origin may be a pluripotent mesenchymal cell.
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PMID:Congenital angiomatoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma. A light-microscopic, immunopathologic, and electron-microscopic study. 284 34

The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, fibronectin (FN), factor VIII-related antigen (FVIII/RAG), and of three monohistiocytic markers, lysozyme, alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin was examined in five gliosarcomas (GS) by peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunostaining of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens, and compared with vascular changes in 16 glioblastomas (GB). In contrast to GB, endothelial proliferations of GS were sheathed by sarcomatous tissue (perivascular sarcoma), which was contiguous with fibrosarcomatous areas. Cells with conspicuous intracytoplasmic FN content (FN+ cells) were seen in the vascular stroma of GB and dominated in the sarcomatous parts of GS. Most FN+ cells of GS were of varying size and shape and clearly neoplastic. Monohistiocytic markers were demonstrable in small infiltrating mononuclear cells as well as in many sarcomatous cells including FN+ cells. FVIII/RAG was restricted to lumen-lining endothelium and was not found in sarcomatous cells. These results suggest that a major part of sarcoma in GS is less likely to develop from proliferated endothelial cells than from histiocytic cells in the perivascular spaces of GB. By FN mediation, histiocytic cells might also guide and promote sarcomatous proliferations of other mesenchymal cells, leading to fibrosarcomatous development. Prominent monstrous giant cells of one GS seemed to be degenerating glioma cells.
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PMID:Contribution of histiocytic cells to sarcomatous development of the gliosarcoma. An immunohistochemical study. 311 Nov 62

Neoplastic angioendotheliomatosis (NAE) is a rare entity characterized by multifocal, intravascular proliferation of large pleomorphic cells within small vessels of most organs, with a particular affinity for the central nervous system. Clinically, patients with NAE present with focal neurologic signs and a progressive decline in mental status, followed by death in a few months. The histogenesis of NAE is controversial but has been previously thought to represent a malignant proliferation of endothelial cells. Three autopsy cases with clinical and histologic features of NAE were investigated by electron microscopic, standard histochemical, and immunohistochemical technics that included the use of three panleukocyte monoclonal antibodies (PLA), the endothelial-cell-specific reagents, FVIII-RAG anti-sera and Ulex europaeus agglutinin (UEA), and muramidase. The NAE cells in all three cases were stained positively by the PLA, whereas the adjacent endothelial cells and not the NAE cells were stained by FVIII-RAG and UEA. Muramidase by immunoperoxidase technic and nonspecific esterase (chloracetate) were not present in NAE cells. These results indicate that NAE is a leukocyte-derived neoplasm and not a malignant endothelial cell neoplasm. Based on these findings and on a review of the literature, it is proposed that NAE represents intravascular malignant lymphomatosis (IML). IML appears to be a primary manifestation and/or a major secondary form of disseminated malignant lymphoma. This would explain the spectrum of findings in previously reported cases.
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PMID:Neoplastic angioendotheliomatosis: immunopathologic and morphologic evidence for intravascular malignant lymphomatosis. 351 72

The surface reactions of poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) (PHEMA) and the copolymer poly(HEMA-methacrylic acid) (PHEMA/MAA) with methyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane and phenyltrimethoxysilane have been characterized by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. A model compound, hydroxyethyl isobutyrate was synthesized and subsequently reacted with phenyltrimethoxysilane. Its FTIR spectrum was compared with the ATR-FTIR spectra mentioned above. Protein adsorption experiments showed that silanized PHEMA/MAA soft contact lenses adsorbed less lysozyme than the untreated lenses.
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PMID:Surface modification of soft contact lenses: silanization, wettability and lysozyme adsorption studies. 374 58


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