Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This is the second report of histiocyte-rich B-cell lymphoma and the first case analyzed by flow cytometry and cytogenetic study. The immunophenotype determined by flow cytometry was that of a B-cell antigen-positive, surface immunoglobulin-negative B-cell lymphoma with 79% CD11c positive histiocytes. The lymphoid cells were composed of 76% neoplastic B-cells and 24% reactive T-cells. Immunohistochemical staining showed large numbers of histiocytes positive for CD68 and lysozyme in the lymph node and the bone marrow. Neoplastic lymphoid cells were positive for CD20, CD45, CD74 and CDw75. The monoclonality of the tumor cells was established by the evidence of rearrangements of the heavy chain and kappa light chain genes and a complex clonal cytogenetic abnormalities including t(8;14)(q11;q32). The tumor cells were large, pleomorphic lymphoid cells and showed no features resembling those of the L/H cells of Hodgkin's disease as previously reported. The rapidly progressive clinical course in the present case is consistent with the clinical features shown in the original study. The histiocytic component in this tumor is presumably recruited by a lymphokine with the nature of a growth factor from the tumor cells that may also be responsible for the rapid proliferation of the tumor cells and the aggressive clinical course. This entity merits special recognition because it leads to a predictable poor prognosis and because of its potential of being misdiagnosed as true histiocytic lymphoma.
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PMID:Histiocyte-rich B-cell lymphoma. 938 44

Papular xanthoma (PX) is a very rare skin disorder. We describe a typical case of PX in a 13-month-old Chinese boy who presented with numerous yellow-red papulonodules, 2-8 mm in diameter, mainly on the face, both upper extremities, and abdomen of 10 months duration. Histologic studies showed a diffuse monomorphous infiltrate of foamy cells in the upper dermis. The foamy cells stained positively with oil red O and CD68. The periodic acid Schiff (PAS) stain, S-100 protein, CD1a, CD56, lysozyme, alpha1-antitrypsin, and factor XIIIa were all negative in the foamy cells. The electron microscopic (EM) studies revealed the morphologic features of macrophages with electron-dense, membrane-limited lipid vacuoles in the cytoplasm. After 14 months, neither spontaneous regression nor anetoderma-like scars were noted. Our immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies support the notion that the origin of the foamy cells is the macrophage rather than the factor XIIIa (+) dermal dendrocyte. There was no associated or underlying disease in this case. We suggest the term primary PX for cases such as this one.
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PMID:Primary papular xanthoma of children: a clinicopathologic, immunohistopathologic and ultrastructural study. 941 17

The detection of foam cells in cervicovaginal smears obtained from postmenopausal women suggests the possibility of an endometrial lesion. Ultrastructural studies have suggested that foam cells represent endometrial stromal cells but the histogenesis of these cells has not been firmly established. To investigate the origin and diagnostic significance of foam cells, we analyzed the morphology and immunophenotype of these cells in endometrial tissue specimens and correlated the findings with cervical smears obtained within the preceding 6 months. Selected biopsies containing foam cells were evaluated using four well-characterized macrophage markers: KP-1(CD68), HAM 56, MAC 387, and lysozyme. Foam cells were found in 11 (38%) of 29 simple hyperplasias, 7 (50%) of 14 complex hyperplasias, 6 (50%) of 12 complex atypical hyperplasias, 21 (70%) of 30 adenocarcinomas, 1 (4%) of 25 samples with stromal breakdown, and 0 of 30 specimens showing normal cycling endometrium. Foam cells were also found in smears preceding the histologic diagnosis of 2 (13%) simple hyperplasias, 2 (25%) complex hyperplasias, 3 (43%) complex atypical hyperplasias, 5 (28%) adenocarcinomas, 5 (28%) cases of stromal breakdown, and 0 of 8 normal tissue specimens examined. Foam cells were immunoreactive with at least 2 of the 3 macrophage-specific antibodies in all 21 biopsies studied. Our results suggest that foam cells phenotypically represent macrophages and not endometrial stromal cells. Foam cells are identified in a significant percentage of cervical smears and endometrial tissue specimens obtained from women with endometrial pathology. The morphology and immunophenotype of foam cells, however, does not appear to be useful in distinguishing benign endometrial stromal breakdown, endometrial hyperplasia, and endometrial adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Morphologic and immunophenotypic characterization of foam cells in endometrial lesions. 955 11

We report a case of granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) presenting as a giant breast tumor in a pregnant woman with no history of leukemia. The case was initially diagnosed as medullary carcinoma on a biopsy specimen and a modified radical mastectomy was performed. The diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma requires the pathologist's high index of suspicion. The presence of immature eosinophils was an important clue. Leder's chloroacetate esterase stain; immunostaining for myeloperoxidase, CD34, CD43, CD68, and lysozyme; and ultrastructural finding of cytoplasmic lysosomal granules and Auer bodies all aided in confirming the diagnosis. It is imperative to recognize granulocytic sarcoma to avoid unnecessary surgery. Granulocytic sarcoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of breast tumors, especially in tumors with diffuse proliferation of small tumor cells.
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PMID:Granulocytic sarcoma presenting as a giant breast tumor in a pregnant woman: a case report. 960 73

A 72 year old man was diagnosed with chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) according to the FAB group classification. He presented with symptoms of anaemia, urinary frequency, hesitancy, and nocturia. He was later admitted with acute urinary retention and acute renal failure, which resolved with treatment. A transurethral resection of the prostate was performed. Histological examination showed fibromuscular hyperplasia with dense infiltration by myelomonocytes which stained positively with chloroacetate esterase; immunohistochemical staining was positive for lysozyme, CD43, CD45, and CD68. Following treatment with oral etoposide he transformed to acute myeloid leukaemia and eventually died. Myelomonocytic infiltration of the prostate has not been reported before. This case extends the spectrum of disease previously recognised in CMML.
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PMID:Obstructive uropathy associated with myelomonocytic infiltration of the prostate. 965 53

Expression of CD68 (macrosialin) in the absence of surface and lysosomal lineage marker molecules is a characteristic feature of T zone-associated plasmacytoid monocytes, which were recently shown to represent precursors of dendritic cells (DC). We demonstrate here a minor population of strongly CD68-positive (CD68bright) blood cells that lack all analyzed myeloid surface (CD14-, CD33-, CD13-, CD11b-, CD11c-) and lysosomal (myeloperoxidase, MPO- and lysozyme, LZ-) marker molecules (0.4 +/- 2% of the total mononuclear cells). These CD68bright, lineage marker-negative (lin-) cells can be induced to proliferate in the presence of IL-3. They do not acquire myeloid features even upon stimulation with granulocyte-macrophage CSF plus IL-1, IL-3, and IL-6. Instead, these cells develop typical DC characteristics upon culture. Furthermore, these CD68brightlin- DC precursors acquire mature DC characteristics (CD86+, CD83+, CD54bright) upon stimulation with CD40 ligand plus IL-3. A second subset of DC precursor-like blood cells was found to weakly express CD68 (0.3 +/- 0.2% of the total mononuclear cells) and to coexpress several myeloid lineage associated molecules (LZ+, CD11c+, CD33+, CD13+). Cells of this second subset resemble both previously described myeloid-related peripheral blood DC and germinal center DC. Analysis of peripheral blood leukocytes for CD68 thus revealed the existence of two cell subsets that phenotypically resemble lymphoid tissue-associated DC. The unique phenotype CD68brightlin- is highly reminiscent of T zone-associated plasmacytoid monocytes. CD68brightlin- blood leukocytes also functionally resemble plasmacytoid monocytes. The lack of all analyzed myeloid features by CD68brightlin- blood leukocytes suggests that these cells arise from a novel nonmyeloid human DC differentiation pathway.
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PMID:Identification of CD68+lin- peripheral blood cells with dendritic precursor characteristics. 967 Sep 50

The authors report a case of a 70 year-old man with a past of myelodysplasia and presenting a voluminous lesion of the thigh corresponding to a cutaneous malacoplakia. Histologic study showed a dermo-hypoderma granuloma with numerous Von Hansemann cells containing some Michaelis-Gutmann bodies. Immunohistochemical study showed a positivity of these cells with the antibodies against CD68 (KP1, Mac 387, PGM1), the lysozyme and the alpha-chemotrypsine. Ultrastructural study confirmed the histiocytic origin of this infiltration by showing some regular and voluminous inclusions with a clear center and a peripheral and dense ring, and also some bacteria measuring 3 to 5 microns. Bacteriological study isolated an Escherichia coli. The evolution was favourable after surgical excision and antibiotherapy. Cutaneous malacoplakia is a very rare disease, usually with a perineal localization, and occurring in immunodeficient host. Michaelis-Gutmann bodies are sometimes difficult to identify by light microscopy underlying the rule of the immunohistochemical and the ultrastructural studies to perform the diagnosis.
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PMID:[Cutaneous malacoplakia. An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural case study]. 975 76

A study was conducted to ascertain the origin of the Warthin-Finkeldey-type giant cell that is common to lymphoid tissues of HIV-infected individuals. Light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), in situ hybridization (ISH) (HIV-specific RNA), and immunohistochemistry (HIV p24, OPD4, CD3, CD45 UCHL, CD21, CD35, S-100, p55 (actin-bundling protein), CD68, HAM56, alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, and lysozyme) studies were performed on hyperplastic tonsil, adenoid, lymph node, and intestinal MALT specimens from HIV+ patients. Warthin-Finkeldey-type giant cells (WFTGC) and follicular dendritic cells (FDC) shared characteristic morphologic (high N: C ratio; crowded, irregular nuclei; thin filaments with dense bodies; desmosomes; and cilia) and immunophenotypic (CD21+, CD35+, S-100+, p55, and vimentin+) features. Also, transitional forms between binucleated FDC and WFTGC were identified by TEM. TEM and ISH revealed evidence of HIV expression by FDC, but not WFTGC. WFTGC in HIV- lymphoid specimens displayed identical LM and IHC characteristics. The WFTGC in HIV infection appears to represent a multinucleated form of FDC.
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PMID:The Warthin-Finkeldey-type giant cell in HIV infection, what is it? 980 54

We describe the morphologic, immunohistologic, and genotypic characteristics of 13 cases of true histiocytic lymphomas. Six cases presented with primary gastrointestinal involvement, five with lymphadenopathy, the other sites involved being the bone marrow and the skin. The neoplastic cells displayed large abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, occasionally vacuolated with folded or bizarre-shaped nuclei with prominent nucleoli. Mitotic figures were numerous. Multinucleated cells were common. The pattern of growth was usually diffuse and noncohesive. Spindle cell sarcoma-like areas were evident in five cases, with a prominent foam cell component in four cases. All cases expressed histiocyte-associated markers (CD68, lysozyme, alpha-1-antitrypsin), CD45 or CD45RO, and were negative for CD1a, epithelial, and B- and T-cell lineage-specific markers. Reactivity for S-100 was observed in a variable proportion of cells in 11 cases. The proliferation fraction varied from 3 to 88%. Genotypic analysis for T-cell receptor or immunoglobulin gene rearrangement demonstrated a germline configuration in all cases. We demonstrate that true histiocytic lymphoma is a rare distinctive pathologic entity that may be defined by immunohistochemical criteria and that recognition among histiocytic disorders is important for clinical and prognosis reasons.
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PMID:True histiocytic lymphoma: a morphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic study of 13 cases. 980 31

In the defense against Mycobacterium leprae, macrophages play an essential part in the mechanism of bacterial lysis but require the presence of cytokines such as interleukin 2 and gamma interferon from lymphocytes in order to effectively kill the organisms in any number. While there have been many studies of the lymphocytes in lesions of leprosy, less attention has been given to the immunohistochemical characterization of the macrophage populations. In this study, the cutaneous lesions of 69 patients with leprosy (42 lepromatous, 5 mid-borderline, and 22 tuberculoid) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for the expression of S100 protein, CD1a, CD68, muramidase, HLA-DR, and Factor 13a. The macrophages from lesions of polar, subpolar, and borderline lepromatous leprosy patients expressed S100 protein intensely and constantly. In contrast, the lesions of polar and subpolar tuberculoid leprosy had very few cells that were immunoreactive for S100 protein ('S100+') in the granulomas in the dermis. The macrophages in all lesions were reactive for CD68 and muramidase. In paraffin sections, macrophages of lepromatous lesions failed to stain for HLA-DR, whereas in tuberculoid lesions, they were strongly positive for HLA-DR. Three patients with histoid leprosy (relapse lesions) had lesions that were strongly positive for Factor 13a and were negative for S100 protein ('S100-'). Given the possible chemotactic and migration inhibition effects of the calcium-binding proteins of the S100 family, these data suggest a possibly important role for S100 protein in the accumulation of macrophages in lepromatous leprosy, and also reveal infection of Factor 13a + dermal dendritic cells in histoid leprosy.
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PMID:Multibacillary leprosy: lesions with macrophages positive for S100 protein and dendritic cells positive for Factor 13a. 987 Jun 71


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