Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mouse lung tumors were induced transplacentally in offspring by treating C3H/HeNCrMTV- and Swiss Webster [Tac:(SW)fBR] mice during different periods of gestation with a single i.p. injection of N-nitrosoethylurea (ENU) at 0.5 mmol or 0.74 mmol/kg. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the lung tumors in the offspring at ages ranging from 1 week to 52 weeks was carried out by light microscopic study of hematoxylin and eosin-stained (H&E) serial and step sections. By nitroblue tetrazolium enzyme histochemistry, 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (seen predominantly in Clara cells) was localized in frozen tissue sections. By avidin-biotin peroxidase complex immunohistochemistry, various specific cellular and nuclear markers were investigated on paraffin sections (antisera against surfactant apoprotein, Clara cell antigen, lysozyme, and 5-bromo-2' deoxyuridine). Normal lung and lung tumors were also studied by electron microscopy. A histological method was developed to assess all lesions present in the entire lung. It was shown that solid and papillary tumor types arose individually and that mixed solid/papillary forms represented a progression of the benign solid adenoma to the malignant papillary carcinoma. Immunocytochemical localization of DNA synthesis with 5-bromo-2' deoxyuridine gave the highest labeling indices at early stages of tumor growth. As the size of the papillary tumors increased, fewer nuclei were labeled/mm2 of tumor section. Lack of both specific Clara cell antigen and 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and the absence of typical nonosmiophilic Clara cell granules indicated a cell of origin other than Clara cells. Evidence for alveolar type II cell origin of both solid and papillary neoplasms in spontaneous and induced tumors was found in the expression of surfactant apoprotein, the presence of mature lamellar bodies (solid tumors) or small lamellar bodies, and immature stages of lamellar bodies (papillary tumors). Lysozyme was present in mature alveolar type II cells and solid tumors but absent in fetal lung and papillary neoplasms. Tumors induced on gestation day 14 or day 16 had all developed by 2 weeks of age and generally did not increase in multiplicity with age, whereas those induced on day 18 showed a protracted development with regard to frequency, growth (size), and progression. The multiplicity of mouse lung tumors induced at different stages of fetal development paralleled the number of alveolar type II precursor cells (i.e., followed a bell-shaped pattern peaking on day 16 of gestation).
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PMID:Origin of spontaneous and transplacentally induced mouse lung tumors from alveolar type II cells. 205 24

We studied four cases of proliferative myositis by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique, using a panel of 12 antibodies, and by electron microscopy. The aim was to clarify the nature of their constituent cells, specifically the giant ganglion-like cells and spindle cells, and to discuss the implications for histogenesis. In all cases, both cell types showed positive cytoplasmic staining with antibodies to vimentin, actin (C4), and alpha-smooth muscle actin-1, but in only one was there positive staining with desmin. No staining was obtained with factor XIIIa, muramidase, alpha-1-antitrypsin, myoglobin, S-100 protein, CAM 5.2, factor VIII-related antigen, or neuron-specific enolase. By electron microscopy, both types of cells were seen to contain numerous thin filaments, dense bodies, coated and pinocytotic vesicles, active and dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, few microvilli, and incomplete desmosomal junctions. Our findings imply a myofibroblastic nature for the giant ganglion-like cells and spindle cells. Our observations also support the hypothesis that they are derived from a pericytic cell.
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PMID:Proliferative myositis. An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. 205 61

The levels of 13 proteins were measured in six tear samples collected atraumatically at progressively increasing flow rate from nonstimulated (less than 0.5 microliter/min) to highly stimulated (greater than 50 microliters/min) in ten subjects. Tears were fractionated initially by size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and kinetic assays were then applied to relevant SE-HPLC fractions to determine specific protein levels. Nine of the 13 proteins assayed showed significantly higher concentrations in nonstimulated tears than in any other tear sample. Immunoglobulin (Ig) M, secretory IgA, polymeric IgA1, and polymeric IgA2 all decreased progressively in concentration from nonstimulated tears to the higher flow-rate stimulated samples. The level of IgG, albumin, and transferrin showed a large drop in concentration between nonstimulated tears and the first (lowest flow-rate) stimulated sample, with relatively little decrease for any subsequent sample. Levels of lactoferrin, tear-specific prealbumin, lysozyme, and peroxidase were relatively constant throughout the series of tear samples. These results indicate that the mechanisms responsible for changes in concentration of constitutive, serum-derived, and regulated tear proteins with stimulus can be studied successfully using noninvasive methods to collect human tears. They also show that simply distinguishing between nonstimulated and stimulated tears is not sufficient to completely characterize the effect of stimulus conditions on tear protein composition.
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PMID:Changes in human tear protein levels with progressively increasing stimulus. 207 41

A murine cell line (BV-2) has been generated by infecting primary microglial cell cultures with a v-raf/v-myc oncogene carrying retrovirus (J2). BV-2 cells expressed nonspecific esterase activity, phagocytic ability and lacked peroxidase activity. Such cells secreted lysozyme and, following appropriate stimulation, also interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor. Furthermore, BV-2 cells exhibited spontaneous anti-Candida activity and acquired tumoricidal activity upon treatment with interferon-gamma. Phenotypically, BV-2 cells resulted positive for MAC1 and MAC2 antigens, and negative for MAC3, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and galactocerebroside (GC) antigens. Since BV-2 cells retain most of the morphological, phenotypical and functional properties described for freshly isolated microglial cells, we can conclude that J2 virus infection has resulted in the immortalization of active microglial cells.
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PMID:Immortalization of murine microglial cells by a v-raf/v-myc carrying retrovirus. 211 Jan 86

This study investigated the interaction between neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO) and the C1q component of the complement system. Using a dot-spot assay, MPO was found to bind to C1q in a dose-dependent manner. The specificity of this reaction was proved by the inhibitory effect of F(ab')2 antibodies to C1q and by the inability of MPO to bind to C1r, C1s and IgG. The interaction between MPO and C1q did not influence the enzymatic activity of the peroxidase but resulted in a more stable C1q as assessed by hemolytic assay for C1q. The protective effect of MPO on C1q did not require the presence of H2O2 in the reaction mixture nor was it inhibited by sodium azide, whereas it was abolished by heating the peroxidase. Lactoferrin and lysozyme, unlike MPO, were ineffective in protecting C1q from functional decay. Addition of H2O2 and chloride to MPO and C1q led to a complete inactivation of C1q, which could not be induced by H2O2 alone. The hypochlorite, which is known to be generated during the reaction of MPO with H2O2 and chloride, exhibited a similar inactivating effect on C1q, which was prevented by an external source of methionine.
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PMID:Protective and inactivating effects of neutrophil myeloperoxidase on C1q activity. 215 59

We investigated the existence of lysozyme in various sweat apparatus tumors by adopting the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. Positive reactions for lysozyme were found in four cases of apocrine cystadenoma, hidradenoma papilliferum, and an apocrine sweat apparatus benign tumor resembling "apocrine spiradenoma", all of which derive from apocrine sweat apparatus. On the other hand, in ten cases of syringoma, eccrine hidrocystoma, clear cell hidradenoma, eccrine spiradenoma, and eccrine poroma, which derive from eccrine sweat apparatus, no positive stainings for lysozyme were obtained. In four out of five cases of mixed tumor of the skin, the apocrine type exhibited positive results. Two cases of syringocystadenoma papilliferum were negative for lysozyme. The investigation of lysozyme in various sweat apparatus tumors is useful in determining the direction of differentiation in these tumors.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study of lysozyme in various benign sweat apparatus tumors. 216 96

Tumor tissues from 36 autopsy cases of malignant histiocytosis were collected for studying the distribution of lysozyme (LyS), alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) and alpha 1-antitrypsin (AT) by double peroxidase anti-peroxidase staining. The positive rates of LyS, ACT and AT were 97.14%, 91.67% and 77.78% respectively. LyS was seen mainly in the well-differentiated histiocytes. No phagocytosis was found in these cells. ACT existed in some well-differentiated histiocytes in which phagocytosis was often seen. A few atypical histiocytes also showed positive reaction to ACT. AT-positive cells were mainly atypical histiocytes and atypical multinuclear-giant-histiocytes. This study not only confirms that the tumor cels of malignant histiocytosis originate from histiocytes, but also indicates that staining of LyS, ACT and AT is useful for classification and differential diagnosis of tumor cells in malignant histiocytosis.
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PMID:[Distribution of three proteinases in tumor cells of malignant histiocytosis]. 227 8

We report a case of infantile acute leukemia with t(16; 21) (p11; q22). The patient was a phenotypically normal one-year-old girl without lymphadenopathy or hepatosplenomegaly. Her peripheral blood at diagnosis showed anemia, thrombocytopenia, and many circulating blasts. Bone marrow blasts were monocytoid with fine reticular nuclear chromatin, abundant grayish-blue cytoplasm with occasional pseudopods or cytoplasmic projections and active hemophagocytosis. Serum levels of lysozyme and ferritin were normal. These blasts were not stained with butyrate esterase and immunologic study showed KOR-P77+ (anti-megakaryocyte monoclonal antibody), MY9+, Ia-. Electron microscopic examination failed to show platelet peroxidase activity. Remission was not induced by mini-COAP or VP-16 and the patient died of measles pneumonitis. The patient's blasts took typical appearance of megakaryoblasts later in the course, although some of them retained the ability of hemophagocytosis observed in the original blasts. This case is considered to be quite atypical since leukemic cells with active hemophagocytosis, megakaryoblastic appearance and t(16; 21) (p11; q22) have not been reported in the literature.
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PMID:[Acute leukemia with active hemophagocytosis, positive immunologic markers for the megakaryocyte-platelet lineage, and translocation (16; 21) (p11; q22]. 231 8

Paraffin-embedded material from 26 cases of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) was investigated by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. Antibodies to S-100 protein, Leu-7 antigen, and neuron-specific enolase (neural markers); to lysozyme, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (histiocytic markers); and to cytokeratin, desmin, vimentin, and factor VIII were used. The tumor cells reacted only for vimentin. In addition, 12 cases showed positive reactions with histiocytic markers (1-3% of the cells; in two cases, up to 10%). These results support a fibroblastic and contradict a neural or histiocytic histogenesis of DFSP.
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PMID:An immunohistochemical study of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans supports its fibroblastic character and contradicts neuroectodermal or histiocytic components. 231 13

The localization of lysozyme in human apocrine glands was studied by adopting the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. The results showed that the glands were enriched with lysozyme. The apical portion of secretory cells was most heavily stained. Eccrine glands did not stain for lysozyme. Although apocrine glands have been regarded as having no apparent function in man, it is suggested in the present report that they may have an excretory bactericidal role.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study of lysozyme in human apocrine glands. 235 41


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