Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the studies presented the effective procedure of isolation and purification of enterobacterial common antigen from Shigella sonnei has been elaborated. The method is based on sonification of bacterial suspension in the presence of lysozyme and EDTA and subsequent extraction of the pellet with boiling water. The crude extract of common antigen was purified by fractionation with ethanol and chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. The comparison of several extraction procedures of enterobacterial common antigen from Shigella sonnei proved that the method described above is most effective. The purified enterobacterial common antigen preparation obtained preserved full biological activity: antigenicity (precipitation and activity in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), immunogenicity in rabbits, ability to coat erythrocytes (passive hemagglutination) and inhibitory activity in passive hemagglutination. The pure enterobacterial common antigen was identified to 90% as a polymer of N-acetyl-D-mannosaminuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (2:1, molar ratio), O-acetylated and containing 3.2% fatty acids (C16:0 and C18:1, not oleic). It contains 5.3% nitrogen, less than 4% protein, less than 0.5% phosphorus and less than 1.6% neutral sugar; glycerol and RNA were not found in the preparation.
...
PMID:Enterobacterial common antigen: isolation from Shigella sonnei, purification and immunochemical characterization. 10 11

Electrolyte disturbances in leukemia can be the result of the disease process or drug therapy. One group of electrolyte abnormalities is related to the stage of the leukemic process. Included in this group are newly diagnosed patients who may show elevated serum potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium--a result of their release from malignant cells after cytotoxic therapy or their accumulation due to urate nephropathy. Patients in remission usually have normal serum electrolyte concentrations, but acute leukemia patients during relapse may have hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia, and hypomagnesemia. This imbalance may be related to cellular uptake of these electrolytes in the presence of inadequate dietary intake. Other factors contributing to electrolyte derangements, and related to the leukemic process, include hyponatremia and hypochloremia secondary to the SIADH, hypokalemia in acute monocytic or acute myelomonocytic leukemia due to lysozyme-induced tubular damage, hypercalcemia possibly secondary to leukemic infiltration of bone or parathyroid glands (with PTH release), or production of a PTH-like substance by leukemic cells. Nonspecific factors related to the disease process which may aggravate the electrolyte imbalance include gastrointestinal loss through nausea, vomiting, and malnutrition. The drug-related electrolyte abnormalities include cyclophosphamide- and vincristine-induced SIADH; decreased serum sodium, chloride, potassium, and calcium concentrations as a result of polymyxin B nephrotoxicity; hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia secondary to amphotericin B; hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and hyperphosphaturia due to L-asparaginase-induced hypoparathyroidism; hypokalemia due to a nonreabsorbable anion effect of antibiotics in the distal tubule or changes in membrane ionic transport of all cells by large doses of antibiotics. Electrolyte disturbance in leukemia thus have a multifactorial pathogenesis which can best be delineated according to the stage of the leukemic process and the drugs being used. Recognition of the cause or causes in a particular patient is essential for an effective approach to management. This review emphasizes the need for routine measurement of serum electrolytes during all phases of the leukemic process.
...
PMID:Electrolyte and acid-base disturbances in the management of leukemia. 26 90

Purified components of chicken bone collagen contain approximately 4 atoms of organic phosphorus per mol of collagen, located principally in the alpha 2 chains. Previous analyses have demonstrated the absence of O-phosphoserine, O-phosphothreonine, and other phosphorylated hydroxy amino acids, phosphoamidated amino acids, and phosphorylated sugars. In the present report we establish that chicken bone collagen contains gamma-glutamyl phosphate. This was accomplished by the isolation of tritiated alpha-amino-delta-hydroxyvaleric acid after reductive cleavage with NaB[3H]H4 of the gamma components, the alpha 2 chains, and peptides enriched in organic phosphorus that were derived from the alpha 2 chains. Tritiated alpha-amino-delta-hydroxyvaleric acid was not detected in any of the following unphosphorylated proteins after cleavage with NaB[3H]H4:albumin and lysozyme, the alpha 2 chains of several unmineralized tissues, and, most importantly, dephosphorylated alpha 2 chains of chicken bone collagen. The alpha 2 chain of chicken bone collagen is the first structural protein found to contain an acyl phosphate.
...
PMID:Identification of gamma-glutamyl phosphate in the alpha 2 chains of chicken bone collagen. 29 67

Mitochondrial membranes reconstituted from lipid-depleted mitochondria and aqueous phospholipid dispersions still have the phospholipid negative charges available for ionic interaction with the basic protein, lysozyme. The stoichiometry of the binding is of about 6 nmoles of lysozyme per 100 nmoles of phospholipid in membranes reconstituted with Asolectin, and of 10 nmoles of phospholipid phosphorus in membranes reconstituted with cardiolipin. Unextracted submitochondrial particles ETP also bind lysozyme (about 3 nmoles per 100 nmoles of phospholipid). These observations indicate that the phospholipid anionic groups are not completely shielded by the mitochondrial proteins, which might occupy areas between the nonpolar groups of the lipid molecules.
...
PMID:Fromation and stoichiometry of a lysozyme-phospholipid-mitochondrial protein ternary complex. 121 78

Twenty-one child patients with thalassaemic major (TM) and 83 healthy control children were examined for dental caries and gingivitis. Stimulated parotid gland secretions were collected from each child. Parotid saliva flow rate was measured and the saliva samples were tested for calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, urea, lysozyme and immunoglobulin levels (IgA, IgG, IgM). The results showed that dental caries experience was significantly higher in the TM group. Parotid saliva flow rates in TM patients were not significantly different from those in the healthy controls. However, the median saliva concentrations of phosphorus and IgA were significantly lower in the patients than in the controls. The concentration of lysozyme was also lower in the TM group, but the difference was not statistically significant. The findings could provide an explanation for the higher dental caries experience and gingivitis observed in the TM group.
...
PMID:Flow rate and chemistry of parotid saliva related to dental caries and gingivitis in patients with thalassaemia major. 142 Jan 1

In a previous report from this laboratory (N. J. Laible and G. R. Germaine, Infect. Immun. 48:720-728, 1985), evidence was presented to suggest that the bactericidal actions of both reduced (i.e., muramidase-inactive) human placental lysozyme and the synthetic cationic homopolymer poly-D-lysine involved the activation of a bacterial endogenous activity that was inhibitable by N,N',N"-triacetylchitotriose (chitotriose). In the present investigation however, we found that the bactericidal and bacteriolytic action of poly-D-lysine could be prevented only by some commercially available chitotriose preparations and not by others. Analysis by physical and chemical methods failed to distinguish protective chitotriose (CTa) and nonprotective chitotriose (CTi) preparations. CTi and CTa preparations displayed equal capacities to competitively inhibit binding of [3H]chitotriose by immobilized lysozyme and were indistinguishable in their abilities to block the lytic activity of lysozyme against Micrococcus lysodeikticus cells. Elemental analysis revealed significantly higher levels of phosphorus, calcium, iron, sodium, manganese, and copper in CTa. Removal of metals from CTa by chelate chromatography completely abolished the poly-D-lysine-protective capacity. Of the metals detected, only ferric iron (5 to 10 microM) mimicked the protective action of CTa. A Fe(III) concentration of 50 microM was required to inhibit lysozyme (5 micrograms/ml). Both Fe(III) and CTa (but not CTi) quantitatively blocked the labeling of poly-D-lysine by fluorescamine, suggesting that the primary amino groups of the lysine residues participate in iron binding. Thus, it appears that the poly-D-lysine-protective capacity of certain chitotriose preparations was due not to the chitotriose itself but to contaminating metal ions which interact directly with the polycationic agent. In contrast, Fe(III) cannot account for inhibition of either the bactericidal or bacteriolytic activity of lysozyme by chitotriose.
...
PMID:Inhibition of bactericidal and bacteriolytic activities of poly-D-lysine and lysozyme by chitotriose and ferric iron. 198 82

Stimulated parotid gland secretions collected from 16 patients with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) were analysed and the results compared with those obtained from 83 healthy sex-, age-, and socioeconomic status-matched children. Parotid salivary flow rate was measured and the saliva samples were assayed for calcium, phosphorus, potassium, chloride, sodium, urea, lysozyme, amylase and immunoglobulin levels (IgA, Ig, IgM). Our results showed that parotid flow rate (PFR) values in JCA patients were not statistically different from those in healthy controls. However, the mean salivary concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, lysozyme and IgA were significantly lower in the patients. These data could provide an explanation for the increased incidence of caries and gingivitis observed in JCA.
...
PMID:Sialochemistry in juvenile chronic arthritis. 247 7

Structural studies were carried out on the acidic polymer fraction isolated from lysozyme digests of the N-acetylated cell walls of Bacillus cereus AHU 1356. The acidic polymer fraction contained glucosamine, galactose, rhamnose, glycerol and phosphorus in a molar ratio of 1:1:2:1:1, together with small amounts of glycopeptide components and muramic acid 6-phosphate. The hydrogen fluoride treatment led to removal of glycerol and phosphorus from the polymer without loss of other components. Results of the NaIO4 oxidation, methylation and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the native and dephosphorylated preparations, in combination with data of the analysis of oligosaccharides obtained from partial hydrolysis of polysaccharide, led to the most likely structure of the repeating units of the acidic polysaccharide chain, ----4)N-acetylglucosaminyl-(alpha 1----3)rhamnosyl(alpha 1----3)galactosyl(alpha 1----4)[sn-glycerol 1-phospho-2]rhamnosyl(alpha 1----.
...
PMID:Structural studies on the acidic polysaccharide of Bacillus cereus AHU 1356 cell walls. 298 63

Structural studies were carried out on two kinds of teichuronic acid-glycopeptide complexes (designated as TU-GP-I and TU-GP-II) isolated from lysozyme digest of N-acetylated cell walls of Bacillus megaterium AHU 1375 by ion-exchange chromatography and gel chromatography. TU-GP-I, accounting for about 25% of the cell walls, contained N-acetylmannosaminuronic acid, N-acetylglucosamine, glucose, galactose, glycerol, and phosphorus in an approximate molar ratio of 1:1:2:1:0.5:0.5, together with small amounts of glycopeptide components. TU-GP-II, accounting for about 9% of the cell walls, contained glucuronic acid, glucose, and fucose in a molar ratio of about 2:1.5:1, together with small amounts of glycopeptide components. The results of analyses involving Smith degradation, chromium oxidation, methylation, acetolysis, and H-NMR measurement led to the conclusion that the polysaccharide chain of TU-GP-I comprised repeating units,----6) Glc(alpha 1----3)-ManNAcUA(beta 1----4)[Gal(alpha 1----3)][Glc(beta 1----6)]GlcNAc(beta 1----. About half of the repeating units were substituted by glycerophosphoryl residues at C-6 of the beta-glucosyl residues linked to the N-acetylglucosamine residues. By means of a similar procedure, the polysaccharide chain of TU-GP-II was shown to comprise repeating units,----4)GlcUA(alpha 1----3)GlcUA(alpha 1----3)Glc(alpha 1----3)Fuc(alpha 1----, of which about half were substituted by alpha-glucosyl residues at C-3 of the 4-substituted glucuronosyl residues.
...
PMID:Structural studies on N-acetylmannosaminuronic acid-containing and glucuronic acid-containing teichuronic acids in the cell wall of Bacillus megaterium AHU 1375. 308 95

The group B Streptococcus is one of the most virulent organisms causing perinatal infection. Human amniotic fluid from the second and third trimesters was pooled and analyzed for electrolytes, protein, albumin, zinc, inorganic phosphorus, ferritin, lysozyme, and immunoglobulins. We inoculated replicates of specimens with known virulent strains of group B streptococci (893, 891, and 878) and Escherichia coli (C5) with Todd-Hewitt broth and normal saline solution used as controls. Group B streptococci strains 893 and 891 proliferated rapidly at rates similar to their rates in Todd-Hewitt Broth. Strain 878 grew at a rate slower than that of strains 893 and 891. The amniotic fluid specimens were similar with respect to factors reported as inhibitory to bacterial proliferation. Second- and third-trimester amniotic fluid supports the growth of group B streptococci as well as a culture medium optimized for bacterial growth. Strain-specific variance in group B streptococci growth rates in amniotic fluid may have clinical significance for those at risk for group B streptococci infection.
...
PMID:Proliferation of group B streptococci in human amniotic fluid in vitro. 354 26


1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>

---